Composites Part B: Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Self-powered multilayer impact sensor consisting of CFRP integrated with soft and hard piezoelectric layers","authors":"Ziwen Zhao ,&nbsp;Longfei He ,&nbsp;Zhengxiao Lin ,&nbsp;Zhenjin Wang ,&nbsp;Hiroki Kurita ,&nbsp;Yu Shi ,&nbsp;Fumio Narita","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the design, development, and evaluation of a multilayer sensor composed of carbon fiber–reinforced polymers (CFRP) integrated with soft and hard piezoelectric layers (hereinafter CFRP/Piezolayer-Hard&amp;Soft) for advanced impact sensing and energy harvesting. This novel design incorporates hard and soft potassium sodium niobate (KNN) piezoelectric composites, optimized at 35 and 40 vol% KNN contents, respectively. The hard layer provides superior mechanical strength and energy-harvesting efficiency, and the soft layer enhances flexibility and sensitivity, thus redistributing stress and mitigating damage effectively. The CFRP/Piezolayer-Hard&amp;Soft configuration exhibits the best impact-sensing performance, achieving a peak sensitivity of 1.5 mV/<em>g</em> and substantial energy-harvesting capabilities at resonance frequency. Failure analysis under high-energy impacts reveals distinct signal behaviors associated with brittle and ductile fracture mechanisms, offering insights into the composite failure process. The proposed sensor has exceptional durability, mechanical robustness, and sensing sensitivity and is thus a promising candidate for structural health monitoring and self-powered sensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 112683"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing the flame retardancy and cryogenic toughness of an epoxy polymer using polydopamine nanoparticles","authors":"Bingnong Jiang ,&nbsp;Wenkai Chang ,&nbsp;Xinyi Wang ,&nbsp;Zhao Sha ,&nbsp;Garth Pearce ,&nbsp;L.R. Francis Rose ,&nbsp;Anthony J. Kinloch ,&nbsp;Chun Hui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low fracture toughness, especially at cryogenic temperatures, and high flammability are two major factors limiting the application of epoxy-based fibre reinforced composites in extreme environments. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to addressing both challenges by incorporating polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles as a multifunctional additive in epoxy matrices. PDA nanoparticles (200–250 nm), synthesised via the oxidative self-polymerization of dopamine, exhibit excellent compatibility with epoxy and can be uniformly dispersed at high loadings through probe sonication. Experimental and computational modelling results reveal that incorporating 10 wt% PDA nanoparticles yields remarkable improvements in fracture toughness and fire resistance: fracture energy increases by 520% at 23 °C and 610% at −196 °C, while peak and total heat release are reduced by 45% and 25%, respectively. These results demonstrate the dual functionality of PDA nanoparticles in simultaneously improving fracture toughness and flame retardancy. The findings of this work offer a significant advancement toward the development of fibre-reinforced composites capable of withstanding extreme thermomechanical conditions, with promising implications for cryogenic hydrogen storage in net-zero aviation and transport applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 112675"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-adaptive thermal interface materials featuring low thermal resistance by combining phase change materials with magnetic field-induced filler alignment","authors":"Xinyu Chen ,&nbsp;Lining Fan ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Guo ,&nbsp;Hui Zheng ,&nbsp;Shujian Cheng ,&nbsp;Peng Zheng ,&nbsp;Liang Zheng ,&nbsp;Xue-ao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal interface materials (TIMs) with high thermal conductivity, low thermal resistance, and adaptive capabilities are urgently needed to address the heat dissipation challenges posed by miniaturized electronic devices. However, achieving high through-plane conductivity remains challenging due to difficulties in constructing effective thermal pathways through the thickness of the composite. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of TIMs, which are crucial for enhancing heat dissipation by minimizing contact thermal resistance, are frequently overlooked. Herein, mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers (CFs) at a relatively low content (16 wt%) are vertically aligned in polyethylene glycol (PEG) under a minimal magnetic field (∼0.7 T), resulting in vertically aligned CFs/PEG (VACFs/PEG) composite with an impressive thermal conductivity of 24.24 W/m·K. This composite achieved a temperature reduction of 8.1°C for a LED of 30 W. In addition, the PEG matrix demonstrates adaptive properties at increasing temperatures, contributing to a reduction in thermal resistance to 1.12 cm² K/W. Furthermore, the VACFs/PEG composite exhibits a latent heat of fusion of 118.03 J/g, demonstrating excellent short-term thermal storage performance and promising potential for use in complex thermal management system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 112687"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-inspired design and stab resistance performance of flexible fiber composites","authors":"Yuhang Liu ,&nbsp;Peng Liu ,&nbsp;Mengqi Yuan ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Hong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stab resistance clothing can protect personnel from sharp knives, but it is difficult to balance the softness and stab resistance performance. At present, the bionic stab resistance structure still has some shortcomings such as insufficient protection performance, weak point or high cost. In this study, based on the microscopic biological structure characteristics of fish scale, the multi-layer bionic structure (MBS) containing surface ridge structure (RS) and inner gradient mineralization structure (MS) was designed and prepared. Three point bending test, static and dynamic stab test were used to characterize the structure flexibility, protection performance and response. The internal microscopic failure of the structure was characterized by three-dimensional CT. The results show that the surface RS is 207.1 %–275.7 % softer than the plane structure. With the mineralization degree of the inner MS increased to 3 %, the stab resistance increased by 26.2 %. The whole MBS is more flexible while ensuring the stab performance. The MBS exhibit a variety of failure modes and sensitivity to impact direction and velocity. It provides a new strategy for personal flexible stab resistance devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 112671"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving transverse strength in cross-linked polymer/fiber composite by mechanisms bond exchange reaction and chain motion","authors":"Heshan Bai,&nbsp;Le An","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transverse strength of cross-linked polymer/fiber composites is heavily weakened by curing-induced residual stress, which is a significant limitation to the efficient design of the composites. This work proposed utilizing annealing treatment to alleviate residual stress by mechanisms bond exchange reaction and chain motion. The effect of annealing treatment on the transverse strength is studied through transverse fiber bundle tensile tests, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulations. The experimental results show a about 62 % increase in the transverse strength obtained by the annealing treatment. Thereafter, we develop a comprehensive thermo-chemo-mechanical framework that accounts for inhomogeneous shrinkage resulting from curing and stress relaxation due to bond exchange reaction and chain motion. This framework integrated into an elastic-plastic damage constitutive model is used to evaluate the stress state of the composites. A microscopic computational model is based on Representative Volume Elements that account for stochastic fiber distribution to visualize the residual stress field and damage. The annealing treatment not only reduces tensile residual stress but also alleviates stress concentration, thereby enhancing the transverse strength of the composites. The transverse strength predictions from our model align closely with experimental results, offering valuable insights into how residual stress relaxation contributes to improved transverse strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 112659"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of partially crosslinked nanoparticle cluster networks in dispersed rubber phase on the toughness and stiffness of polypropylene composites","authors":"Zhenyu Li ,&nbsp;Jiahao Shen ,&nbsp;Haoqi Ma ,&nbsp;Liu Fuyong ,&nbsp;Wenwen Yu ,&nbsp;Yonggang Shangguan ,&nbsp;Qiang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To achieve a balance between toughness and stiffness in polypropylene (PP) composites and to explore the underlying mechanisms, this study employed modified nano-silica particles (S-SP) by a cross-linkable modifier (Si69) as reinforcing fillers. PP composites toughened with ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) reinforced by S-SP were prepared and compared with those reinforced by unmodified and methyl-trimethoxy-silane (MTMS)-modified silica particles. The results showed that when the S-SP content reached 30 wt% (relative to reinforced EPDM), the notched impact strength of the PP composite at room temperature reached 75 kJ/m², while the tensile yield strength and Young's modulus were 23 ± 2 MPa and 670 ± 20 MPa, respectively, only 32.3 % and 34 % lower than those of pure PP. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the modified nanoparticles with cross-linking ability played a key role in constraining the rubber phase size, enhancing its modulus, rigidifying the particle networks, and improving the interface adhesion. These factors were essential in mitigating the loss of modulus and stiffness of the composites. Additionally, they significantly improve the notch impact strength of the composites by promoting the cavitation of the rubber phase into many slender fibrils and micro-voids, and inducing intense shear deformation of the PP matrix ligaments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 112669"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption in (SiO2–C)f/(CrZrHfNbTa)C–Si3N4–SiBCN composite by defect engineering and gradient permittivity modulation","authors":"Yang Hu ,&nbsp;Dewei Ni ,&nbsp;Bowen Chen ,&nbsp;Feiyan Cai ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Wang ,&nbsp;Yanmei Kan ,&nbsp;Yusheng Ding ,&nbsp;Shaoming Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Structure and stealth integrated materials that simultaneously deliver mechanical loading and broadband electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance are critical for next generation stealth aircraft. Although conventional carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites (C_f/CMCs) exhibit outstanding load-bearing capacity, their inherent EMW reflection characteristics often fail to meet stealth requirements. This work proposes a multiscale design strategy synergizing microscopic defect engineering with macroscopic gradient permittivity modulation. Accordingly, (SiO₂–C)_f/(CrZrHfNbTa)C–Si₃N₄–SiBCN composite featuring self-adaptive impedance matching and multi-mechanism EMW absorption were successfully constructed. The material demonstrates acceptable load-bearing capacity (101 ± 5 MPa) while achieving a remarkably high effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) per unit thickness (2.68 GHz mm⁻¹). More importantly, radar cross section (RCS) simulations reveal that the sample achieves a remarkable RCS reduction of 35.52 dB m². This surpasses most reported materials system, demonstrating high practical application potential. Density functional theory calculations reveals that defect engineering (lattice distortion and point defects) in the sample constructs new polarization centers at the microscopic level, which significantly enhances polarization relaxation loss for improved EMW absorption. On the other hand, macroscopic structural design (SiO_2f-C_f-SiO_2f) significantly optimizes the impedance matching, which effectively broadens EAB. The multiscale design strategy overcomes the inherent conflict between strong EMW reflection and attenuation in carbon fibers, which provides a novel material solution for stealth aircraft.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 112668"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eicosane-infused heterostructured nanocarbon hybrid aerogel composite for high-performance thermal transport and energy conversion","authors":"Dimberu G. Atinafu,&nbsp;Ji Yong Choi,&nbsp;Yongjun Choi,&nbsp;Jihee Nam,&nbsp;Sumin Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fabrication of energy-storage materials is indispensable for all kinds of systems and industries. Phase-change materials (PCMs) demonstrate significant potential to overcome constraints in energy storage and thermal buffering. However, their energy storage capacity and heat transfer performance are restricted as the phase transitions far from the heat sources. While shape-stable composites have shown complementary properties, they often compromise energy storage, durability, and thermal conductivity. Here, a nanocarbon hybrid aerogel (BNC) was designed by heterogeneous integrating high-aspect-ratio carbon nanotubes (CNT) and boron nitride (BN) without porous sacrificial templates. The attained aerogel constituting interconnected architectural structure revealed high total pore volume (0.686 cm³ g⁻¹, which is almost twice that of the reported nanoporous BN aerogel film) and double the encapsulation efficiency of eicosane (ES20), which is 66.7 % that of BN loading. BNC/ES20 can effectively regulate temperature by absorbing a large amount of latent heat (138.3 J g⁻¹) with a phase temperature of 34.6 °C during the heating process and rapidly dissipating it back into the environment during cooling. The prepared composite PCM can significantly improve the thermal conductivity, 132 % than the pristine ES20, with the unusual latent heat retention characteristics exceeding 100 % after 1000 heating–cooling cycles. This is ascribed to the successful fabrication of 3D lattice backbones that can prevent leakage of the descending PCM by acting as a rigid barrier. Therefore, the outstanding thermophysical stability (98.7 % leakage resistance) endows the prepared composite with promising thermal management performance in diverse green thermal management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 112658"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the influence of service conditions on the out-of-plane and in-plane loading performance and damage behavior of unidirectional CF/PEKK composites for aerospace applications","authors":"Ceren Yildirim ,&nbsp;Hasan Ulus ,&nbsp;Hatice S. Sas ,&nbsp;Mehmet Yildiz","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring the structural reliability of composite materials requires a thorough understanding of their performance under various service conditions, particularly in demanding aerospace environments. This study investigates the influence of low-temperature (LT), high-temperature (HT), and cyclic-hygrothermal (CHT) conditions—representing a broad spectrum of realistic operational environments—on the out-of-plane and in-plane mechanical properties and damage behavior of unidirectional carbon fiber/poly-ether-ketone-ketone (CF/PEKK) composites. To assess the impact of these environmental factors on mechanical performance and failure mechanisms, a comprehensive experimental approach is employed, incorporating double-cantilever beam (DCB) tests with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring, end-notched flexure (ENF), short beam shear (SBS), and three-point bending (3-PB), alongside microscopic analysis. Results emphasize the significant influence of environmental conditions on the mechanical performance and damage evolution of CF/PEKK composites. Under LT conditions, flexural strength and deflection improve due to enhanced interlaminar interactions, despite increased brittleness in the matrix. LT conditioning yields the highest interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and damage nucleation energy. However, LT-conditioned specimens exhibit brittle fractures with unstable crack propagation and frequent fiber-tow breakage during DCB and ENF tests. Conversely, HT conditions reduce flexural strength, but crack onset is delayed because of increased ductility. HT conditioning decreases ILSS and stiffness due to thermal softening. CHT conditioning results in intermediate flexural strength due to matrix plasticization, yet induces substantial inelastic deformation, multiple delaminations, and reduced interlaminar fracture toughness. These novel findings highlight the critical role of environmental factors in designing thermoplastic-based composites for aerospace applications, emphasizing the need for optimization to ensure reliable performance under diverse conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 112637"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive evaluation of tensile properties, damage mechanisms, and predictive modeling of pultruded GFRP after elevated temperatures","authors":"Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç ,&nbsp;Emrah Madenci ,&nbsp;Alexander Safonov ,&nbsp;Lokman Gemi ,&nbsp;Şakir Yazman","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance of pultruded GFRP composite exposed to elevated temperatures is investigated. All composite samples were heated to 80 °C, 200 °C, 300 °C, 325 °C, 350 °C, and 400 °C with duration of 15, 30 and 45 min. The samples were then subjected to tensile strengths and mechanical properties were determined. DMA, DSC and TGA analyses as well as burn off tests were carried out. The experimental findings revealed that the 80 °C treatment enhanced mechanical properties in terms of tensile stresses Young's modulus due to post-curing effects. On the other hand, temperatures higher than 200 °C reduced mechanical properties. At 300 °C, tensile stress decreased by 8.7 %, while the Young's modulus was reduced by 10.9 %. As shown, the maximum degradation occurred at the highest temperature of 400 °C, where tensile stress had reduced by 41.3 % and Young's modulus had been reduced by 47.7 % after 45 min. Moreover, detailed damage analyses were performed and structural damage in the form of delamination and cracking was evident at higher temperatures. More importantly is that a mathematical model based on the hyperbolic tangent function was developed and this model accurately predicted the mechanical behavior of GFRP composites exposed to elevated temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 112657"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}