{"title":"Hole controlled displacement behaviour of conducting polymer actuators","authors":"Sukesh Kumar , Aimin Yu , Mudrika Khandelwal","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of holes in the displacement behaviour of conducting polymer actuators is not emphasized much, hindering the design of actuators with a better response. Generally, it is assumed that the motion of ions limits the displacement of a conducting polymer because of their higher atomic mass compared to the effective mass of a hole or electron. Here, we report that the hole density of state (DOS) of a conducting polymer actuator could be another limiting factor for its displacement behaviour. Electrochemical techniques are used to estimate the DOS of a state-of-the-art conducting polymer, PEDOT:PSS. To capture the subsequent effect of changing the hole doping level and the kinetics of hole-ion transport, the electrochemical impedance of the PEDOT:PSS layer is measured while it is held at various constant voltages. To illustrate the effect of hole dynamics on the displacement of a conducting polymer actuator, the displacement of a PEDOT:PSS/bacterial cellulose actuator is recorded at various voltages and for different periods. The depletion and accumulation mode of operation is explained. The transients in the displacement of the actuator to the steady state are identified and explained, incorporating the electrochemical findings. The rate and magnitude of the displacement are found to be dependent on the hole doping level in a conducting polymer<strong>.</strong> The displacement of the actuator can be divided into three time scales; initial space charge (driven by drift current), filling up of high energy states (drift and diffusion), diffusion of ions (reflective or transmissive)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 112525"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feng Yang , Cong Tian , Liyi Bai , Tianyu Zhang , Hongfei Wang , Jiqiang Ning , Yong Hu
{"title":"Hierarchical array hosts with concave spatial confinement and zincophilic seed mediated growth for dendrite-free Zn metal anode","authors":"Feng Yang , Cong Tian , Liyi Bai , Tianyu Zhang , Hongfei Wang , Jiqiang Ning , Yong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uneven distribution problems with Zn electrodeposition have emerged as a major obstacle to the development of Zn-ion batteries. A hierarchical array is proposed in this work to synthesize a three-dimensional Zn anode host, composed of Bi-loaded N-doped carbon triangular plates containing carbon nanotubes (Bi/NC-CNTs@CC), and uniform Zn electrodeposition has been achieved through a synergistic regulation strategy of concave spatial confinement and a “microchannel-filling” zincophilic seed mediated growth. The architecture of evenly arranged arrays contributes to homogenizing the surface electric field and reducing the interfacial polarization due to a geometrical confinement effect. The rationally distributed zincophilic Bi particles can further favor the preferential Zn nucleation, verified by both theoretical calculations and electrochemical measurements. The delicately constructed Bi/NC-CNTs@CC host exhibits a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.9 % over 1700 cycles in an asymmetric cell and elongates the Zn plating/stripping lifespan to 8000 h after pre-plating 6 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup> of Zn (Bi/NC-CNTs@CC-Zn) in a symmetric cell. Moreover, a full battery assembled by the Bi/NC-CNTs@CC-Zn anode and a MnO<sub>2</sub> cathode demonstrates a high specific capacity of 293.3 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.2 A g<sup>−1</sup> and a stable capacity retention of 87.1 % over 1000 cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 112528"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Donghyeon Lee , Jong-Hyun Kim , Seong Baek Yang , Dong-Jun Kwon
{"title":"Development of reprocessable structural adhesives based on covalent adaptable networks for wind turbine blade","authors":"Donghyeon Lee , Jong-Hyun Kim , Seong Baek Yang , Dong-Jun Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the 2000s, the increasing installation of wind turbines has highlighted the challenges associated with the disposal of decommissioned turbines at the end of their service life. This study investigates solutions for enhancing the recyclability of composite materials generated during wind turbine decommissioning, while also addressing issues related to adhesive removal and disposal. This study addition of disulfide epoxy additive (DEA) into structural adhesives to introduce covalent adaptive networks (CANs). An optimal formulation was developed to ensure reprocessability while maintaining mechanical properties. The addition of DEA resulted in a decrease in mechanical strength and T<sub>g</sub>, while reprocessability was enhanced. Reprocessing experiments showed that specimens with more than 15 wt% DEA recovered mechanical properties, with 20 wt% achieving the highest recovery (73 % of initial shear strength) after two cycles. Fracture surface analysis revealed a shift from brittle to ductile failure with increasing DEA. Fatigue testing also confirmed improved durability, with strength loss reduced from 57 % (0 wt%) to 26 % (20 wt%) after 1000 cycles. This phenomenon is attributed to the flexibility of the aliphatic structure, which reduces crack propagation rates while simultaneously promoting reversible bond dissociation and reformation. This study provides fundamental data for wind turbine blade waste management and recycling technology development. The findings are expected to contribute to the advancement of sustainable wind turbine materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 112519"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yating Lin , Zelin Zhu , Runshan Huang , Zhicheng He , Huige Hou , Xinyu Li , Yixing Jiang , Changren Zhou , Binghong Luo
{"title":"NIR-II responsive multi-functional scaffold with PTT/CDT/CT/MHT and ion synergistic effects for all-in-one treatment of osteosarcoma-associated bone defects","authors":"Yating Lin , Zelin Zhu , Runshan Huang , Zhicheng He , Huige Hou , Xinyu Li , Yixing Jiang , Changren Zhou , Binghong Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In terms of treating osteosarcoma, severe challenges are often encountered, such as the easy metastasis and recurrence of residual tumor cells after surgery, as well as the difficulty of self-repair of bone defects. Here, we developed MgFe-layered double hydroxides (MgFe-LDHs) to load anti-tumor drug curcumin (Cur), and further utilized them to surface modify 3D printed PLLA scaffold to construct a NIR-II responsive scaffold (PD-Fe-LDHs@Cur), which can meet the dual needs of anti-tumor and bone repair, thereby achieving the all-in-one treatment goal of osteosarcoma-associated bone defects. First, the scaffold triggers PTT, CDT, and CT effects simultaneously under NIR-II light and tumor microenvironment to kill tumor cells. Notably, the PTT effect can accelerate the release of Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Cur, which is beneficial for improving the efficiency of CDT and CT effects, thus better exerting the synergistic anti-tumor effects of PTT, CDT, and CT. Subsequently, the scaffold can further exert MHT effect to synergistically stimulate angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation with ionic effect and alkaline microenvironment generated by MgFe-LDHs degradation, thereby promoting bone regeneration more effectively. This multi-effect combined scaffold possesses excellent anti-tumor, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities, as well as the advantages of simple operation and low cost, thus exhibiting great potential for treating osteosarcoma-associated bone defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 112504"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deyong Sun , Jianchao Zou , Yifeng Xiong , Wanrui Zhang , Chongrui Tang , Weizhao Zhang
{"title":"A coupled 3D hyper-viscoelastic constitutive model for thin woven composite prepregs in preforming and consolidation","authors":"Deyong Sun , Jianchao Zou , Yifeng Xiong , Wanrui Zhang , Chongrui Tang , Weizhao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prepreg compression molding (PCM) has emerged as an effective method for mass production of woven composite parts with complex geometry. The two coupling effects between non-uniform thickness deformation and yarn angle variation, viscoelastic compaction modulus and yarn angle variation due to preforming, which are often neglected in existing models, are actually critical in correct prediction for quality of final composite parts. To address these issues, a coupled 3D hyper-viscoelastic constitutive model was developed, and its efficacy was validated through bias-extension tests, confirming its capability to account for the coupling effect related to initial thickness variations caused by yarn angle change. Additionally, out-of-plane compaction deformation tests demonstrated the model's ability to incorporate variations in compaction material properties under different yarn angles, further affirming its applicability. To further test performance of the constitutive model, benchmark single-dome PCM experiments were conducted with thin woven prepregs. Comparative analysis of experimental and modeling results revealed the superb prediction accuracy of the model for part geometry and yarn angle distribution, respectively, after PCM. Furthermore, this new model significantly decreases the relative error of thickness prediction to 11.7 % compared to that of 34.2 % of the previous decoupled model. As a result, this newly established model can effectively capture the coupled material responses throughout the preforming and consolidation stages, assisting more realistic representation of the PCM process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 112514"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental characterization of mechanical and tribological properties of composite materials for friction-based force-limiting structural components","authors":"Kaixin Chen , Georgios Tsampras , Shivaglal Cheruvalath , Mary Thundathil","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an experimental study to characterize the mechanical properties of composite materials and the tribological properties of composite to low-carbon structural steel friction interfaces for friction-based structural components in earthquake structural engineering applications. A systematic experimental testing program was developed, including the coupon tensile test, the plate bearing test, the bolt relaxation test, and the friction test. The friction test considered the normal load level, loading frequencies, sliding velocities, velocity profiles, and sliding histories as the testing parameters. Six types of phenolic-resin-based fiber-reinforced composite materials were tested. The results revealed the influence of the manufacturing process and the constituents of the composite materials on their mechanical and tribological properties. The flash compression molding process in manufacturing could produce composite materials having a lower concentration of phenolic resin than designed, and these materials exhibited exacerbated through-thickness creep behavior. Friction tests with different sliding velocities showed a general trend where an increase in the sliding velocity overall reduced the coefficient of friction, while lower sliding velocities overall increased the coefficient of friction. The velocity-dependent frictional behavior was found to depend on the material constituents of the composite materials. Among the friction interfaces tested, the friction interface with the composite friction material Gatke 398 (containing glass reinforcing fibers and graphite, Teflon and molybdenum disulfide MoS<sub>2</sub> lubricants) in contact with low-carbon structural steel appeared to exhibit the most stable frictional behavior under various sliding velocities and was considered suitable for use in friction-based structural components for earthquake structural engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 112472"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fenghong Lu , Lingbo Zong , Guitao Zhang , Ping Li , Kaicai Fan , Shuaiyu Jiang , Xiaoyu Chen , Porun Liu , Lei Wang
{"title":"Ultrafine high entropy alloys with Ru activated sites for highly durable and industrial grade electrocatalytic water splitting","authors":"Fenghong Lu , Lingbo Zong , Guitao Zhang , Ping Li , Kaicai Fan , Shuaiyu Jiang , Xiaoyu Chen , Porun Liu , Lei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High entropy alloys (HEAs), with their significant high entropy effect, have exhibited great potential in many fields. However, precise synthesis of ultrafine, and multifunctional HEAs remains challenging. We synthesize RuCuFeCoNi HEAs with the average size of 3.41 nm on carbon support (RuCuFeCoNi/C) via a combination of wet chemical method and a high temperature thermal shock (HTS) strategy. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the incorporation of Ru into CuFeCoNi alloy decrease the adsorption strength effectively between the active sites and ∗H intermediate during hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process. Especially, RuCuFeCoNi/C reduce the rate-determining step (RDS) energy barrier, and promotes the desorption of ∗O + ∗OH intermediates, leading to the significant enhancement in OER performance. In 1.0 M KOH solution, RuCuFeCoNi/C exhibits ultrahigh activity, achieving 1000 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> at the overpotentials of 186 mV (HER) and 435 mV (OER), respectively. RuCuFeCoNi/C also shows excellent HER and OER activity in 1.0 M PBS solution, and the overpotentials are only 141 and 543 mV at 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. Moreover, an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) assembled by RuCuFeCoNi/C||RuCuFeCoNi/C couple achieves industrial current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> at 1.79 and 1.91 V, respectively. The excellent HER and OER activity of RuCuFeCoNi/C enables AEMWE to operate efficiently for more than 240 h at 500 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, retaining up to 98.6% of initial current density. This work provides a unique and energy-efficient protocol to prepare HEAs for various electrocatalytic reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 112501"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shashi Ranjan Pathak, Anup Malik, Harlal Singh Mali
{"title":"Experimental Investigation on drilling behavior of carbon-Kevlar monolithic and interyarn hybrid composite","authors":"Shashi Ranjan Pathak, Anup Malik, Harlal Singh Mali","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon-Kevlar interyarn hybrid composites are sufficiently stiff and tough, which makes them useful in various sectors. Despite these potentials, their drilling behavior has not yet been explored. Drilling composite materials generates defects due to the distinct properties of the fiber and matrix. This study explores the drilling behavior of carbon-Kevlar monolithic and interyarn hybrid thermoplastic composite by changing tool geometries, feed rates, and spindle speeds. The chip morphology, drilling temperature, thrust force, delamination factor, and hole wall surface were analyzed. Three types of composite laminates (monolithic carbon, monolithic Kevlar, and carbon-Kevlar interyarn hybrid composites) were fabricated. Holes were made by two different geometries (conventional twist drill and brad spur drill) at varying feed rates (15, 30, and 45 mm/min) and spindle speeds (1000, 2000, and 3000 rpm). Compared with the conventional twist drill, the brad spur drill produced a 32.40 % reduction in maximum drilling temperature, 29.73 % less thrust force, and 13.57 % less delamination factor for the carbon-Kevlar hybrid composite. Based on the microstructural analysis, the brad spur drill produces a better surface with lesser fiber fracture, delamination, cavity, and matrix smearing than the conventional twist drill for all three composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 112499"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuwei Ma , Jihao Gong , Xiaowei Ouyang , Zongjin Li , Hao Wang , Jiyang Fu
{"title":"Roles of recycled concrete powder on the properties of alkali-activated slag: Reaction products and microstructure development","authors":"Yuwei Ma , Jihao Gong , Xiaowei Ouyang , Zongjin Li , Hao Wang , Jiyang Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the potential utilization of recycled concrete powders (RCP), obtained from demolished old buildings as precursors to produce alkali-activated slag (AAS). These RCPs contained significantly higher amounts of SiO<sub>2</sub> and CaCO<sub>3</sub> while low level of hydration products, thus limiting their potential application for high substitution in Portland cement-based materials. The present study examined the influence of RCP on the heat evolution, reaction product, pore structure, and mechanical strength of the AAS-RCP system. The results revealed that the incorporation of RCP delayed the alkali-activated reaction at the early age. At later ages (28 days), however, the reactive silica and calcium components in RCP gradually dissolved, facilitating the formation of gel phases with high silicate polymerization and contributing to a higher gel pore volume. Additionally, a zeolite-like product, i.e., gismondine, was identified in AAS-RCP. As a result, AAS-RCP exhibited satisfactory mechanical properties at 28 days even with a high RCP addition. The present study demonstrated the promising potential of large-scale incorporation of RCP with alkali-activation technology in producing low-carbon concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 112493"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bence Szederkényi , Norbert K. Kovács , Tibor Czigany
{"title":"Improving energy absorption in cellular 3D-Printed fiber–reinforced structures with radially reinforced composite shells","authors":"Bence Szederkényi , Norbert K. Kovács , Tibor Czigany","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the energy absorption capabilities of cellular structures combined with carbon fiber–reinforced polymer shells. The cellular core was produced by material extrusion 3D printing, while the shells were manufactured by the hand layup of carbon fiber-epoxy prepreg. Various material and reinforcement configurations were analyzed in a combined configuration and separately on a component level. The energy absorption properties of the printed specimens were evaluated after quasi-dynamic compression tests, demonstrating that the introduced radially reinforced hoop layers significantly improved compressive load-bearing capacity by resisting delamination and, consequently, local buckling in the 3D-printed cellular structures. This led to stable failure modes and higher specific energy absorption (SEA). The hybrid structures, which combined external shells with a cellular framework, exhibited a synergistic effect, resulting in up to a 200 % improvement in SEA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 112513"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}