Jiaqi Zhou , Zeming Song , Jiancheng Wan , Mingzhe Zhou , Bo Zhu , Kun Qiao , Xun Cai
{"title":"Polyaniline-functionalized MoS2 nanosheets/carbon fiber network for structural and functional integration of composites","authors":"Jiaqi Zhou , Zeming Song , Jiancheng Wan , Mingzhe Zhou , Bo Zhu , Kun Qiao , Xun Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) composites hold significant potential for applications in the aerospace and electronic device industries, where excellent structural and functional integration is required. In this work, we functionalized the MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets/CF network with polyaniline (PANI). The MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets, acting as a foundation, mechanically interlock with the matrix. Subsequently, the functionalization with PANI enables the formation of π-π interactions between the PANI nanocoating and the matrix, and they exhibit excellent interfacial compatibility. This approach leads to superior interfacial structural properties, with an interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) as high as 96.62 MPa. The excellent interfacial performance is the foundation for developing functional properties. The PANI-functionalized MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets/CF network enhances the transfer efficiency of phonons and electrons through a “face-to-point” correlation, achieving a thermal conductivity (TC) of up to 0.87 W/mK. The unique multilayer heterostructure and high electrical conductivity endow it with outstanding electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance, with a total shielding effectiveness (SE<sub>T</sub>) of 40.71 dB. Additionally, the composite exhibits excellent electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption properties, with a minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) of −49 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.16 GHz. By designing the interfacial structure through PANI-functionalized MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets/CF network, the composite achieves excellent interfacial, thermal, and electromagnetic protection properties, realizing structural and functional integration. This approach provides a highly promising direction for the advancement of multifunctional materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112847"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yifan Lu , Xiaodi Feng , Shuai Fu , Siqi Ma , Song Fu , Siyu Zheng , Guoliang Chen , Fei Yang , Zuhua Zhang , Honghao Yue , Zongquan Deng
{"title":"Multidimensional twisted mechanical metamaterials with programmable stiffness for adaptive impact protection","authors":"Yifan Lu , Xiaodi Feng , Shuai Fu , Siqi Ma , Song Fu , Siyu Zheng , Guoliang Chen , Fei Yang , Zuhua Zhang , Honghao Yue , Zongquan Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compression-torsion coupling mechanical metamaterials (CTCMMs) transcend classical Cauchy continuum mechanics by incorporating torsional degrees of freedom, unlocking new avenues for dissipation and damping. However, conventional CTCMMs are typically confined to fixed spatial configurations and mechanical properties post-fabrication, limiting their adaptability in dynamic environments. Here, we present a universal strategy for constructing multidimensional chiral CTCMMs—from 2D to 4D—via a modular, discrete assembly approach. Through a combination of experimental validation and theoretical modeling, we reveal how structural dimensionality governs mechanical behavior: Specifically, 2D CTCMMs enable programmable load-bearing capacity and energy absorption via chirality and topological tuning; 3D CTCMMs achieve isotropic cushioning and damping performance; while 4D CTCMMs incorporate temporal functionality, enabling continuous and reversible modulation of stiffness and impact response through thermally induced shape-memory effects. Proof-of-concept demonstrations—including fragile-object landing protection and drone collision mitigation—underscore their potential as lightweight, reusable, and adaptive protective systems. Our work lays the groundwork for the development of next-generation mechanical metamaterials, with broad implications in energy dissipation technologies, protective packaging, and resilient robotic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112848"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Lu , Sherif A. Younis , Changqi Chen , Zhansheng Lu , Ki-Hyun Kim
{"title":"Unveiling an inverted S-scheme pathway in nickel oxide/titanium dioxide for enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous formaldehyde","authors":"Yan Lu , Sherif A. Younis , Changqi Chen , Zhansheng Lu , Ki-Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A heterojunction is constructed by integrating p-type NiO with n-type TiO<sub>2</sub>. The resulting NiO@TiO<sub>2</sub> composite (referred to as x-NT, where x denotes the NiO/TiO<sub>2</sub> molar ratio) is experimentally and theoretically validated to function as an inverted p-to-n step (S)-scheme photocatalyst with NiO and TiO<sub>2</sub> serving as the reduction and oxidation photocatalysts, respectively. The x-NT is coated onto a honeycomb filter and integrated into an air purifier (AP) for the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of gaseous formaldehyde (FA) in air. 4-NT exhibits superior optoelectronic properties compared to TiO<sub>2,</sub> such as a higher photocurrent density (153.71 μA vs. 38.62 μA) and lower charge transfer resistance (83.7 Ω vs. 99.73 Ω). Under optimized conditions, AP (4-NT) achieves 100 % degradation of FA (1 ppm) with a clean air delivery rate of 10.35 L min<sup>−1</sup> and an apparent quantum yield of 6.34 × 10<sup>−2</sup> %. <em>In situ</em> diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance analyses reveal that FA is oxidized to yield H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> through a sequence of intermediates (DOM → HCOO<sup>−</sup> → CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>), driven by reactive oxygen species (•O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> and •OH). This work introduces a novel inverted S-scheme design in a practical air purification platform, bridging material innovation with scalable VOC control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112834"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ling-feng Yang , Lin-gang Lan , Jie Chen , Yao-feng Mao , Fu-de Nie , Jian Wang , Jun Wang
{"title":"Bio-inspired multi-scale coupling for customized mechanical properties in highly particle-filled composites","authors":"Ling-feng Yang , Lin-gang Lan , Jie Chen , Yao-feng Mao , Fu-de Nie , Jian Wang , Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly particle-filled composites often face challenges in achieving satisfactory tensile and impact resistance for practical applications. To address this issue, this study draws inspiration from the hierarchical structures found in natural cortical bone. We fabricated heterogeneous materials with variable modulus by systematically tuning the material compositions at different length scales, from molecular structure, micro/nanoscale to millimeter scale, and assembled them into multilayered gradient-structured composites by the Direct Ink Writing technique. Through different structural configurations, gradient-structured composites achieved up to a 143 % increase in toughness or a 43.5 % improvement in strength. Furthermore, impact resistance was significantly enhanced, with energy absorption capacity increasing by 114 % (from 0.21 MJ/m<sup>3</sup> to 0.45 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>). The unique multi-scale mechanical energy absorption mechanism resulted in the performance enhancement of the multi-level gradient-structure composites. These remarkable improvements demonstrate that constructing multi-level gradient structures is a highly promising strategy for enhancing the mechanical properties of highly particle-filled polymer composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112839"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polylactic acid (PLA)-based multifunctional and biodegradable nanocomposites and their applications","authors":"Md Shariful Islam , G.M. Fazley Elahee , Yuhui Fang , Xiong (Bill) Yu , Rigoberto Castillo Advincula , Changyong (Chase) Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polylactic acid (PLA)-based nanocomposites are emerging as multifunctional, biodegradable materials, offering sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based plastics. This review examines recent advancements in PLA nanocomposites, focusing on enhanced mechanical strength, thermal stability, and biodegradability achieved through nanofillers like metallic particles, carbon-based materials, and ceramics. Techniques such as in situ polymerization, melt mixing, and electrospinning enable application-specific improvements. PLA's limitations, including brittleness and low barrier properties, are addressed to support diverse applications: in packaging (e.g., extended shelf life), biomedicine (e.g., degradable implants), and electronics (e.g., flexible devices). Despite challenges with filler dispersion and thermal resistance, continued innovations expand PLA's potential across multiple industries, contributing to a sustainable, circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112842"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An investigation into the combined effect of strain rate and temperature on the in-plane shear response of IM7/8552","authors":"Philipp Hahn, Mathieu Imbert, Michael May","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continuous fiber reinforced structures used in lightweight aerospace, defense, and automotive applications may be subjected to impact loads while operating under varying temperature conditions. In order to accurately predict the behavior of these materials under these extreme conditions, a temperature chamber has been developed and implemented on a split Hopkinson Tension Bar. The new setup has been used to realize - for the first time - in-plane shear tests on the aerospace grade material IM7/8552 at a strain rate of approx. 1000 1/s and temperatures ranging from −54 °C to +121 °C. The test results are post-treated using different approaches and compared with results treating decoupled thermal and strain rate conditions available in the literature. The results showed that shear strength of the material decreases linearly with temperature and that corrected strength increases logarithmically with strain rate at all three temperatures in an equivalent manner. The conducted investigations enable to conclude that superposition of strain rate and temperature, as used in many simulation models, appears to be valid for the considered material. Finally Scanning Electron Microscope pictures give insights into the micro-scale failure mechanisms involved at the various testing conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112837"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeongwoo Lee , Hwanju Lim , Jinwoo Park , Jaemin Lee , Dowon Noh , Sohyung Jiong , Dahyun Daniel Lim , Wonjoon Choi
{"title":"Data-driven design of lightweight, interface-free metamaterial composites tailored for enhanced broadband electromagnetic absorption with robust mechanical properties","authors":"Jeongwoo Lee , Hwanju Lim , Jinwoo Park , Jaemin Lee , Dowon Noh , Sohyung Jiong , Dahyun Daniel Lim , Wonjoon Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid advancement of gigahertz-frequency technologies in industrial and military mobility platforms demands lightweight metamaterials with both electromagnetic wave (EMW) control and mechanical robustness, yet a comprehensive strategy for designing such multifunctionality remains unexplored. This study introduces a data-driven optimization framework for lightweight, interface-free metamaterial composites (DOMC) tailored for superior broadband EMW absorption with robust mechanical functionalities. By simulating over 7500 combinations of material combination, unit-cell geometries, gradient relative densities, porous layers, and panel configurations, the framework optimizes impedance matching, dielectric properties, and mechanical properties. The screened unit-cell-based gradient metamaterials having the optimized configuration via the data-driven design is fabricated as 3D-printed carbon black/polylactic acid-based sandwich composites in a single step to create interface-free, seamless multimaterial architectures. The resulting DOMC achieves an average EMW absorption of 97.5 % (peak absorption of 99.7 %) with a full effective absorption bandwidth (≥90 % absorption) spanning 4–18 GHz, and an average reflection loss of −19.5 dB with a minimum of −52.9 dB at 4.9 GHz. Furthermore, it outperforms traditional bending-dominated metamaterials with 50 % higher energy absorption and enhanced stiffness while maintaining a lightweight profile. These results underscore the potential of integrating data-driven design with additive manufacturing to develop lightweight, multifunctional metamaterials for electronics, communications, and aerospace.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112838"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rostislav Svidler , Roman Rinberg , Sascha Mueller , Lothar Kroll , Maximilian Kroll
{"title":"Biaxial testing and failure criterion validation for flax fibre-reinforced plastics using a novel test method","authors":"Rostislav Svidler , Roman Rinberg , Sascha Mueller , Lothar Kroll , Maximilian Kroll","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural fibre-reinforced polymers (NFRP), particularly those based on flax or hemp fibres, exhibit orthotropic and non-linear material behaviour. This makes accurate strength prediction using physically based failure criteria — such as the models proposed by Puck or Cuntze — especially challenging. In particular, the interaction of normal and shear stresses under combined <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>21</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> loading may lead to stress redistributions and, consequently, to an unpredictable shift in the inter-fibre failure (IFF) mode. Due to the experimental complexity involved, the investigation of such complex failure behaviour and the validation of physically-based failure criteria for NFRP have rarely been addressed in the scientific literature. In light of these challenges, a novel biaxial test rig was developed in this study, extending the established Iosipescu shear test according to ASTM D5379. Experimental results on 90 ° Iosipescu specimens made from unidirectional flax fibre-reinforced polymers (FFRP) laminates reveal non-linear stress–strain curves under combined <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>21</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> loading. These non-linearities further complicate strength predictions of multi-axial laminates based on physically-based failure criteria. The novel test method offers a reproducible, practical alternative to tubular testing and provides a foundation for improved failure modelling of multidirectional NFRPs under realistic multiaxial loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112802"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingming Yu , Hongxiang Liu , Jiaxin Ma , Xiaolei Wang , Jingbin Dai , Wang Xie , Lin Fang , Musu Ren , Jinliang Sun
{"title":"Interlaminar multiscale toughening of CF/EP composites by interleaving Graphene/PES hybrid nanofibers","authors":"Mingming Yu , Hongxiang Liu , Jiaxin Ma , Xiaolei Wang , Jingbin Dai , Wang Xie , Lin Fang , Musu Ren , Jinliang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The delamination caused by low interlaminar toughness are the main failure modes of laminated composites, which seriously affect the service life of the composites. Graphene/polyether sulfone (PES) hybrid nanofibers prepared by electrospinning are inserted into the interlayer of carbon fiber/epoxy resin (CF/EP) composites, and interlaminar multiscale toughening with better toughening effect is achieved through the dissolution of the nanofibers in the EP matrix. The highest G<sub>IC</sub> and G<sub>IIC</sub> are obtained when the graphene content is 1.5 wt%, which are increased by 115 % and 128 % respectively compared with CF/EP composites. In addition, the ILSS, flexural strength and storage modulus increased by 7 %, 8 % and 13 %, respectively. While the G<sub>IC</sub> and G<sub>IIC</sub> of composites intercalated only by PES nanofibers are increased by 6 % and 4 % respectively, as well as degraded mechanical properties. Microstructure analysis shows that the toughening mechanism is mainly attributed to the combined effect between the semi interpenetrating polymer network structure formed by PES and EP and the pinning effect and crack deflection induced by graphene. This multiscale toughening method based on nanofiber intercalation provides a new strategy for the design of composites with high damage tolerance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112846"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hong Chen , Min Sang , Yucheng Pan , Shilong Duan , Zhentao Zhang , Yuan Hu , Xinglong Gong
{"title":"Bioinspired LM/Al particle reinforced shear stiffening elastomers with improved flame retardancy and thermal conductivity towards thermal-impact protection","authors":"Hong Chen , Min Sang , Yucheng Pan , Shilong Duan , Zhentao Zhang , Yuan Hu , Xinglong Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To expand the application fields of shear stiffening elastomer (SSE), it is highly meaningful to improve its thermal/mechanical properties. Thus, an impact-resistant and fire-retardant elastomer (IFE) is developed through strategic engineering that integrates liquid metal/aluminium hydroxide (LM/Al) particles with SSE. Drawing inspiration from bone joints, which exhibit a dual structure comprising hard components (such as bone) and soft components (like cartilage), the developed IFE successfully balances satisfactory softness with enhanced mechanical performance and thermal conductivity. Due to the B-O crosslinking bonds and the mobility of LM/Al, the healed IFE can dissipate an impact force of 7.13 kN down to 3.76 kN. Furthermore, the IFE achieves the V-0 rating and releases less heat. Compared to SSE (0.177 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>), the thermal conductivity of the IFE with LM/Al particles has increased to 0.302 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>. At 600 s, the computer's temperature drops to 38 °C, which is 13 °C lower than the 51 °C temperature without the use of IFE. Finally, the introduction of this novel bridging strategy significantly improves the thermal and mechanical properties of the IFE while preserving its softness, thereby opening a new avenue for the exploration of advanced materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112845"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}