Communications Materials最新文献

{"title":"Gelatin-based spray for forest fire prevention and fertilization","authors":"Yuanfang Ai, Na Zheng, Wenbo Liu, Ping Yang, Xi Wu, Yichen Tian, Chuyi Wang, Heyang Liu, Chongping Huang, Zhongli Liang, Feng Zhu, Longcheng Tang, Nanbiao Ye, Jianjun Li, Kun Cao","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00712-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00712-z","url":null,"abstract":"Frequent forest fires, driven by hotter and drier climates, threaten biodiversity and human health, causing significant economic losses, air pollution, soil erosion, and degeneration. Current active and passive fire protection methods often suffer from environmental pollution, poor flexibility, and limited availability in remote areas. However, fast-acting surface flame retardants for passive forest fire protection, particularly for foliage, are rare. Herein, we report an easily obtainable gelatin-based fire spray, which resulted in 1.8 and 16.3-fold extension in ignition time, 34% and 39% reductions in total heat release, 78% and 92% reductions in fire growth index for dead and fresh leaves, respectively. After the fire warning is suppressed, for instance by rain, the sprayed substances can decompose and provide nitrogen and phosphorus as leaf and soil fertilizers without affecting soil microbial function, which increase plant net photosynthesis by 84% and effective nitrogen and phosphorus by 664% and 140%, respectively. Our green flame retardant and fertilizer material allows for simultaneous tree fire protection and growth. Forest fire prevention methods are often not environmentally friendly and are limited in remote areas. Here, a gelatin-based fire spray extends ignition time and reduces the heat release of fires while also acting as leaf and soil fertilizers to aid plant growth.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00712-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of high-temperature magnetic spiral in YBaCuFeO5 single-crystal by spherical neutron polarimetry","authors":"Arnau Romaguera, Oscar Fabelo, Navid Qureshi, J. Alberto Rodríguez-Velamazán, José Luis García-Muñoz","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00710-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00710-1","url":null,"abstract":"The low ordering temperature of most non-collinear spiral magnets critically limits their implementation in devices. The layered perovskites RBaCuFeO5 are a rare case of frustrated oxide family that has raised great expectations as promising high-temperature spiral magnets and spin-driven multiferroic candidates. Though a non-conventional mechanism of ‘spiral order by disorder’ could account for the extraordinary thermal stability of their presumed spiral order, such order was alleged on the basis of non-conclusive neutron data on powder samples. Thus far, it has not yet received support from single-crystal studies able to lift the ambiguities of powder data. Here, a YBaCuFeO5 crystal has been grown with enough Cu/Fe disorder to stabilize the incommensurate magnetic phase up to TS ≈ 200 K. Utilizing spherical neutron polarimetry and single-crystal neutron diffraction, we unveil the features of its magnetic structures, demonstrating the non-collinear chiral nature of the magnetic domains in the singular incommensurate phase. It is thus finally proved that such phase is spiral in our crystal, and therefore also in those compositions of this perovskite family where TS values well above room temperature have been reported. Yet, this study also illustrates critical features of relevance to the search for high-temperature magnetoelectric response induced by the spiral phase. While promising for spintronics, most non-collinear spiral magnets have low ordering temperatures which limit their implementation in devices. Here, spherical neutron polarimetry and single-crystal neutron diffraction data demonstrate the non-collinear chiral nature of magnetic order in YBaCuFeO5 single crystals up to 200 K.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00710-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratification of fluoride uptake among enamel crystals with age elucidated by atom probe tomography","authors":"Jack R. Grimm, Cameron Renteria, Semanti Mukhopadhyay, Arun Devaraj, Dwayne D. Arola","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00709-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00709-8","url":null,"abstract":"Dental enamel is subjected to a lifetime of de- and re-mineralization cycles in the oral environment, the cumulative effects of which cause embrittlement with age. However, the understanding of atomic scale mechanisms of dental enamel aging is still at its infancy, particularly regarding where compositional differences occur in the hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and what underlying mechanisms might be responsible. Here, we use atom probe tomography to compare enamel from a young (22 years old) and a senior (56 years old) adult donor tooth. Findings reveal that the concentration of fluorine is elevated in the shells of senior nanocrystals relative to young, with less significant differences between the cores or intergranular phases. It is proposed that the embrittlement of enamel is driven, at least in part, by the infusion of fluorine into the nanocrystals and that the principal mechanism is de- and re-mineralization cycles that preferentially erode and rebuild the nanocrystals shells. The atomic scale mechanisms of dental enamel aging are still not well understood. Here, atom probe tomography was used to compare enamel from young and senior adults to give insight about fluorine concentration in tooth nanocrystals.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00709-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving dynamic stability and electromechanical resilience for ultra-flexible battery technology","authors":"Sam Riley, Andrew Shevchuk, Chandramohan George","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00703-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00703-0","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the huge potential of mechanically flexible batteries in healthcare, robotics, transportation and sensing, their development towards real-world applications is stalled due to issues such as capacity decay, limited energy/power density at any given pliability, compromised safety and poor packaging. These issues originate from design flaws, electromechanical degradation and underdeveloped characterisation of composite electrodes, lacking direct correlations between mechanical flexibility and electrochemical performance. Here, we review the state-of-the-art advances in Li-based flexible electrodes, cell architectures and materials and discuss the correlations between electrode microstructure, electrochemical trends, mechanical pliability and safety, emphasising the need for improved metrology and standardisation quantifying electromechanical resiliency. Development of mechanically flexible batteries has stalled due to their capacity decay, limited power and energy, and safety issues. Here, advances in flexible electrodes and cell architectures across Li-based batteries are Reviewed, correlating microstructure, performance, mechanical pliability, and safety.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00703-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of redox and structure on grain growth in Mn-doped UO2","authors":"Gabriel L. Murphy, Elena Bazarkina, André Rossberg, Clara L. Silva, Lucia Amidani, Andrey Bukaemskiy, Robert Thümmler, Martina Klinkenberg, Maximilian Henkes, Julien Marquardt, Jessica Lessing, Volodymyr Svitlyk, Christoph Hennig, Kristina O. Kvashnina, Nina Huittinen","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00714-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00714-x","url":null,"abstract":"Mn-doped UO2 is considered a potential advanced nuclear fuel due to ameliorated microstructural grain growth compared to non-doped variants. However, recent experimental investigations have highlighted limitations in grain growth apparently arising from misunderstandings of its redox-structural chemistry. To resolve this, we use synchrotron X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy measurements supported by ab initio calculations to cross-examine the redox and structural chemistry of Mn-doped UO2 single crystal grains and ceramic specimens. Measurements reveal Mn enters the UO2 matrix divalently as $$({{{Mn}}}_{x}^{+2}{{U}}_{1-x}^{+4}){{O}_{2-x}}$$ with the additional formation of fluorite Mn+2O in the bulk material. Extended X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements unveil that during sintering, the isostructural relationship between fluorite UO2 and Mn+2O results in inadvertent interaction and subsequent incorporation of diffusing U species within MnO, rather than neighbouring UO2 grains, inhibiting grain growth. The investigation consequently highlights the significance of considering total redox-structural chemistry of main and minor phases in advanced ceramic material design. Mn-doped UO2 is a promising nuclear fuel, and is predicted to undergo favourable grain growth during service. This study uses diffraction, spectroscopy and ab initio calculations to study the effect of redox and structure, finding that grain growth may in fact be suppressed.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00714-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated chain architecture screening for discovery of block copolymer assembly with graph enhanced self-consistent field theory","authors":"Yuchen Zhang, Weiling Huang, Yi-Xin Liu","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00723-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00723-w","url":null,"abstract":"The diverse chain architectures of block copolymers makes them important for exploring new self-assembly, but poses significant challenges for identifying the stability windows of desired mesophases within the vast parameter space. Here, we present an automated workflow for screening chain architectures to discover new self-assembly. Utilizing graph-enhanced self-consistent field theory complemented by a scattering-based identification strategy, our approach enables the automated computation of arbitrary chain architectures and their phase behavior. This framework successfully identifies stable windows for a novel PtS phase in AB-type block copolymer melts, with two distinct chain architectures emerging from the screening process. Our findings demonstrate the utility of this method in stabilizing desired self-assembly and exploring new mesophases. The flexibility of our approach allows for straightforward extension to multi-species and multi-component systems and further integration with metaheuristic optimization techniques to enhance its potential for materials design. Block copolymers have diverse chain architectures which self-assemble in many ways makes it difficult to identify the stability windows of the mesophases. Here, an automated workflow using graph-enhanced self-consistent field theory allows for computation of arbitrary chain architectures and their phase behavior.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00723-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-temperature multiferroic Tb2(MoO4)3","authors":"Shimon Tajima, Hidetoshi Masuda, Yoichi Nii, Shojiro Kimura, Yoshinori Onose","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00717-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00717-8","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetoelectric mutual control in multiferroics, which is the electric control of magnetization, or reciprocally the magnetic control of polarization has attracted much attention because of its possible applications to spintronic devices, multi-bit memories, and so on. While the required working temperature for the practical application is much higher than room temperature, which ensures stable functionality at room temperature, the reported working temperatures were at most around room temperature. Here, we demonstrated magnetic control of ferroelectric polarization at 432 K in ferroelectric and ferroelastic Tb2(MoO4)3, in which the polarity of ferroelectric polarization is coupled to the orthorhombic strain below the transition temperature 432 K. The paramagnetic but strongly magnetoelastic Tb3+ magnetic moments enable the magnetic control of ferroelectric and ferroelastic domains; the ferroelectric polarization is controlled depending on whether the magnetic field is applied along [110] or [1 $$bar{1}$$ 0]. This result may pave a new avenue for designing high-temperature multiferroics. The mutual control of magnetization and polarization in multiferroics is key to spintronic devices, but ensuring its stability at room temperature is essential for practical applications. Here, magnetic control of ferroelectric polarization in Tb2(MoO4)3 is demonstrated up to 432 K, ensuring the stability of magnetoelectric effect well above room temperature.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00717-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Correction: Additive manufacturing of a high-performance aluminum alloy from cold mechanically derived non-spherical powder","authors":"J. Hunter Martin, John E. Barnes, Kirk A. Rogers, Jacob Hundley, Darby L. LaPlant, Siavash Ghanbari, Jung-Ting Tsai, David F. Bahr","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00715-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00715-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00715-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies to achieve reproducible synthesis of phase-pure Zr-porphyrin metal-organic frameworks","authors":"Karina Hemmer, Hanna L. B. Boström, Simon Krause, Bettina V. Lotsch, Roland A. Fischer","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00690-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00690-2","url":null,"abstract":"Porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are gaining traction for various applications due to their sorption, optoelectronic and catalytic properties. MOFs with Zr-based nodes constitute a particularly robust and versatile class of MOFs in which incorporation of metals into the porphyrin core allows further tuning of their physico-chemical properties. However, significant challenges regarding the phase-pure synthesis of Zr-porphyrin MOFs have slowed down progress in the field. Synthetic challenges in targeted phase formation originate from the densely populated phase space, due to energetically similar framework topologies accessible from the same building blocks, but also from the lack of detailed synthetic information. This Perspective discusses different synthetic approaches and detailed synthesis investigations to gain a deeper understanding while providing strategies towards suitable conditions to access phase-pure Zr-porphyrin MOFs. Transparent data reporting and holistic consideration of synthetic factors may allow for better control of these aspects. This is crucial for the establishment of structure–property relationships in such materials and will facilitate the realisation of their application potential. Synthesizing phase-pure zirconium-porphyrin metal-organic frameworks is challenging. This Perspective discusses different synthetic approaches and investigations to guide conditions to achieve phase-pure zirconium-porphyrin metal-organic frameworks.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00690-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocontrol of ferroelectricity in multiferroic BiFeO3 via structural modification coupled with photocarrier","authors":"Kou Takubo, Atsushi Ono, Shunsuke Ueno, Samiran Banu, Hongwu Yu, Kaito En-ya, Ryota Nishimori, Makoto Kuwahara, Toru Asaka, Kei Maeda, Daiki Ono, Keita Ozawa, Takuma Itoh, Kei Shigematsu, Masaki Azuma, Tadahiko Ishikawa, Yoichi Okimoto, Masaki Hada, Shin-ya Koshihara","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00698-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00698-8","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrafast control of ferroelectricity and magnetism by light is essential for future development in multiple functioning devices. Here, we demonstrate that the intense and ultrafast photo-modulation of the electric dipole can be realized by photocarrier injection into a multiferroic BiFeO3 thin film using optical pump-probe and second harmonic generation measurements. Results of ultrafast electron diffraction with <100 fs time resolution and theoretical study reveal that the localized photocarrier strongly couples with the lattice structure and becomes the origin for the observed sudden change in the electric dipole. In addition, the subsequent structural dynamics involve a strong oscillation with a frequency of ~3.3 THz despite a poor structural symmetry change. Based on a theoretical calculation, this oscillation can be attributed to an unexpectedly softened new phonon mode generated by mixing essential two phonon modes governing the multiferroic (ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic) nature of BiFeO3 in the ground state due to strong coupling with a localized photocarrier. The comprehensive study shows that injection of the localized photocarrier strongly coupled with the lattice vibration mode can simultaneously realize the ultrafast switching of electric dipoles and magnetic interaction at once, even at room temperature, without modifying the long-range lattice structure. Ultrafast control of ferroelectricity and magnetism by light is essential for multifunctional devices. Here, photocarrier injection into multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films can simultaneously realize the ultrafast switching of electric dipoles and magnetic interaction due to the strong coupling between the localized photocarrier and lattice vibrations.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00698-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}