Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)最新文献

{"title":"Book Review: The body in parts: fantasies of corporeality in early modern Europe","authors":"Heidi J. Nast","doi":"10.1177/096746080000700413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080000700413","url":null,"abstract":"meat means more hunting for caribou, seals, fish, etc.). ‘Sustainability ‘ is less well dealt with, though. At times the authors border on romanticizing Inuit whaling as ‘in balance with nature’, when what is needed is a more nuanced discussion of sustainability which places local indigenous harvesting in the wider context of commercial whaling. Additionally, the authors appeal to notions of ‘rationality’ and ‘science’ in criticizing the ‘emotive’ and ‘political’ nature of the whale debate as they see it (as if rationality and science were somehow objective and apolitical). Still, these problems aside, Inuit, whaling and sustainability makes a persuasive case for attending to the specific needs of Inuit communities in the future regulation of whaling. One hopes (in vain?) that its arguments will actually reach the policymakers whose decisions impact so decisively on these indigenous groups.","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116425694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Inuit, whaling and sustainability","authors":"N. Castree","doi":"10.1177/096746080000700412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080000700412","url":null,"abstract":"sports provided support for the nascent Conservancy and yet undermined its credibility as a research organization. This book’s main contribution is its elucidation of the political battles and debates behind the quiet growth of the Conservancy in the 1950s and 1960s. One battle was over increasing state control of private land management. There were Conservative concerns that the designation of nature reserves was land nationalization ‘through the back door’. Support for the Conservancy was, however, strengthened through its important research into the effects of DDT on bird populations. John Morrison, the Conservative MP who was an influential early critic of the role of the Conservancy in impeding farmers and landowners, was later to be a firm supporter of its findings on the effects of DDT. Other key debates closely examined include the relative importance of the land management and research roles of the Conservancy and the institutional divide, yet to be resolved, between state control over land management for recreation and scientific conservation. John Sheail’s careful, unpolemical analysis provides great insights, backed up by carefully chosen observations and case studies. It is, for example, fascinating to read of John Hope-Simpson warning Max Nicholson, the director-general of the Nature Conservancy, as late as 1954 that ‘grassland “improvement” might be as disastrous to the wildlife of many sites as being ploughed up or afforested’ (p. 66). Sheail’s analysis of the effects of the institutionalization of agronomy within the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, sylviculture within the Forestry Commission and ecology within the Nature Conservancy is also of great value. The excellent archive photographs, many taken by Peter Wakely, add substance to a book which makes a major contribution to our understanding of the development of nature conservation in Britain.","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124143098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Empire’s nature: Mark Catesby’s New World vision","authors":"L. Martins","doi":"10.1177/096746080000700409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080000700409","url":null,"abstract":"a sense that class positions are the generators of cultural positions and cultural institutions rather than being formed through them. There is no room here for Pierre Bourdieu, and little sense of publics structured or fractured along other social dimensions, such as gender and race. To pursue his themes Taylor’s method involves an unravelling of the connections between the making of gallery spaces, the art on display, the intentions of art professionals, philanthropists and politicians, and broader questions of economic, political and social power. What he has provided, therefore, is a history which redescribes these important social spaces and expertly differentiates them in terms of form and purpose. It is a shame, therefore, that despite the book’s title the analysis effectively ends in 1972. This means foregoing the opportunity to examine in the same detail important changes in the 1980s and 1990s – the sponsorship of huge and prestigious exhibitions and extensions by private companies, competition between public and private collections, and, perhaps most importantly, the rise to prominence of the gallery shop and its constitution of new publics through the direct consumption of artworks in the age of their serial mechanical reproduction onto T-shirts, mugs, notebooks, postcards, calendars, cushions and more. At the end, however, despite careful scrutiny of what visual, statistical and textual evidence there is, the gallery-goer and his or her motivations remain as mysterious as ever. While ‘the public’ is brought into existence in a variety of ways for a range of purposes and composed and fragmented as arts bureaucracies, curators and patrons imagine and reimagine their social and cultural roles, members of the public are only fleetingly glimpsed and imperfectly understood. This gulf between rhetorical publics and people who look at pictures is beautifully revealed in a Mass Observation report from the Tate Gallery in December 1938 (p. 172): ‘Two women (about 30 years) entered 11.14. A: bareheaded, black overcoat, coloured silk scarf. B: black hat with veil, astrakhan coat, both upper class . . . At 11.18 /2 A goes into room 23, B looks at 3468, 3842, and 4923, then follows A . . . Both look at 4239 (20 seconds) and Portrait of Lady Ottoline Morrell (on loan) 15 seconds, The Rock of Gibraltar by Charles Conder 15 seconds. Enter room 21, 11.26, but before leaving look back at 4239 and A says “. . . whopping great flower . . .”","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114872434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Spaces of culture: city-nation-world","authors":"P. Jackson","doi":"10.1177/096746080000700415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080000700415","url":null,"abstract":"sibility of being in several places simultaneously or between places and the consequent disappointment of mundane and entrapping place. She considers the freeing sensation of liminality and the ecstasy of speed as well as the almost disembodied experience of being perfectly alone in one’s own space. For Richardson, communication with others is perceived as being spatial, characters cannot fully communicate unless they have the same understanding of space; and she shows how Richardson has relationships wither for lack of mutual spatial sense. By the end of the cycle the concern is less with communication than with contemplation, the possibility of freeing the self from space. Of course, all this excitement with essences, ecstasy and transcendence is very much of its time (the cycle was completed in 1938), and, with hindsight there are some very frightening undertones. Bronfen writes from Germany in the 1980s, drawing upon German phenomenology as she interprets the fictitious pathways taken by an Englishwoman half a century before. Miriam is attracted to Germany and Switzerland as places where she may find herself and is tempted to remain in the enticing alienation of foreigner status. Bronfen writes of that Germany as if it were as foreign to her as it is to Richardson’s character; like London, it is seen only through Miriam’s eyes. Victoria Appelbe’s translation is elegant and convincing, although it cannot have been a simple matter to have translated such a dense and subtle text. The book needs time and work; there is no quick way through it and it would be pointless to try to read it without taking notes. Reading it is a dry intellectual pleasure, which one seldom experiences today. The emphasis on the spirit and the individual psyche are very far from my own tastes and I shy away from the notion of dwelling, even when, as Richardson insists, it can be divorced from ownership, but this meticulous study has my nomination for the most sensitive and innovative cultural geography of the year – it is sobering to remember that it was written by a literary critic.","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131835313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Landscape and Englishness","authors":"C. Brace","doi":"10.1177/096746080000700407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080000700407","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years the relationships between landscape, culture, society and national identity in England in the interwar years have been of considerable interest to geographers, historians, and literary critics, amongst others. It has quickly become apparent that these relationships are far from simple and each new piece of writing reveals new complexity, contradictions and conumdrums. This is the case with this book. The broad theme – the intertwining of landscape and senses of Englishness – is a familiar one. But the highly textured account presented in Matless’s book demonstrates in considerable detail that what we think we know about landscape and national identity in the interwar years is far from a complete story (if such a thing can ever be achieved). Matless argues that ‘the power of landscape resides in it being simultaneously a site of economic, social, political and aesthetic value, with each aspect being of equal importance’ (p. 12). Organizing and making sense of this much material amounts to a massive task for any author attempting to put together a story of landscape and Englishness, but Matless makes an excellent job of it. The book is characterized by his ability to make all kinds of connections between events, people, places and ideas, and the main work of the book is to give us a much greater understanding of the detailed context within which attitudes towards and ideas about landscape developed in the interwar years and beyond. He also makes some attempt to show the connections between past and contemporary attitudes. The book covers the period from 1918 to the 1950s in four broadly chronological parts. The first chapter in each part deals with different versions of landscape and the second discusses their connection to questions of citizenship and the body. Part I looks at the emergence in the 1920s and 1930s of a movement for the planning and preservation of landscape. This is a familiar argument from Matless but presented in much more depth here. There is a nice passage on Baldwinite Conservatism which shows how Baldwin’s often-quoted speech on England ‘accommodated a quiet, ordinary, evasive little England, not the assertive English future envisioned in the preservationist movement’ (p. 30). There is also a sustained account of the meaning of suburbia and ribbon development. The material throughout is richly contextualized, a strength of the book overall. Part II provides a contrast to Part I by examining the work of organicists in creating a counter-current of Englishness and a different kind of physical engagement with the landscape. Here Matless succeeds in demonstrating ‘the interconnectedness of issues held apart elsewhere’ (p. 30). In Part II, the chapter on ‘English ecologies’ is complemented by one on ‘The Book reviews 477","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121645178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Nature conservation in Britain: the formative years","authors":"C. Watkins","doi":"10.1177/096746080000700411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080000700411","url":null,"abstract":"In this ‘history from the inside’ John Sheail returns, triumphantly, to the subject of his earlier book Nature in trust, published in 1976. In the intervening years much has changed. Nature conservation itself has achieved greater national prominence. Institutions, public and private, with a concern for nature conservation have been remodelled and renamed. The county wildlife trusts have established many more nature reserves. Knowledge about the requirements of individual species and of the management of nature reserves has improved. Concern over the aspects of efficient agricultural techniques has converted the land use planner’s ‘white land’ into the conservationist’s ‘wider countryside’. Notwithstanding these changes, much remains the same. The effectiveness of designations such as Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and National Nature Reserve (NNR) are still questioned. Most practical nature conservation remains a voluntary activity undertaken by farmers and landowners as an ancillary to farm and game management. Organizations such as English Nature demand greater funds to carry out research, manage nature reserves and publicize the cause of nature. This book charts the vicissitudes of organized nature conservation through most of the twentieth century. It is effectively an institutional history of the Nature Conservancy and of the Nature Conservancy Council which succeeded it. The great strength of the book is its grounding in the archives. Although the broad pattern of the history of British nature conservation is well known, not least from John Sheail’s other books, his use of archive sources and oral history allow him to rediscover forgotten episodes and throw light on key developments. He recovers, for example, the considerable hostility shown by many to the establishment of the Conservancy and the important role of Herbert Morrison in enabling its joint role as an agency and research council. He also identifies some unsung heroes, such as Lord Hailsham and the civil servant Roger Quirk, who both gave considerable support to the Conservancy in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Sheail’s analysis of committee minutes and papers shows how different definitions of ‘nature’, ‘science’ and ‘research’ were used to support and attack the Conservancy. The new organization had to distinguish itself from those amateurs with a mere fascination for wildlife in order to obtain funding under the banner of science. Miriam Rothschild noted in an editorial of Nature in 1946 that ‘the word “nature” had come to be associated in the public mind with “a somewhat childish and eccentric form of botanising, bird-loving and butterflyhunting”. If the more fashionable word “science” could replace it, there might be much better respect . . . for nature conservation’ (p. 24). This tension between a scientific understanding of nature and an amateur fascination remains powerful through the period. Landowning conservatives such as Lord Salisbury, the President of ","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124818012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Science, Observation and Entertainment: Competing Visions of Postwar British Natural History Television, 1946-1967","authors":"G. Davies","doi":"10.1177/096746080000700403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080000700403","url":null,"abstract":"Popular culture is not the endpoint for the communication of fully developed scientific discourses; rather it constitutes a set of narratives, values and practices with which scientists have to engage in the heterogeneous processes of scientific work. In this paper I explore how one group of actors, involved in the development of both postwar natural history television and the professionalization of animal behaviour studies, manage this process. I draw inspiration from sociologists and historians of science, examining the boundary work involved in the definition and legitimation of scientific fields. Specifically, I chart the institution of animal ethology and natural history film-making in Britain through developing a relational account of the co-construction of this new science and its public form within the media. Substantively, the paper discusses the relationship between three genres of early natural history television, tracing their different associations with forms of public science, the spaces of the scientific field and the role of the camera as a tool of scientific observation. Through this analysis I account for the patterns of cooperation and divergence in the broadcasting and scientific visions of nature embedded in the first formations of the Natural History Unit of the British Broadcasting Corporation.","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130158502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural Geographies in Practice","authors":"M. Bravo","doi":"10.1177/096746080000700405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080000700405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133901770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: A greener vision of home: cultural politics and environmental reform in the German Heimatschutz movement, 1904-1918","authors":"D. Matless","doi":"10.1177/096746080000700406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080000700406","url":null,"abstract":"In A greener vision of home William Rollins provides a history of the German Heimatschutz movement, focusing on its linked environmental and cultural philosophies. Rollins offers a story of a predominantly middle-class movement responding to ‘the need for a culturally active brand of environmentalism, one that gave people something positive to aim for – a greener vision of home’ (p. viii) – and which in the process produced the term Heimat as a cultural force in its own right and a ‘paradigm of value’ (p. 5). The book appears in a series on ‘Social history, popular culture and politics in Germany’, but its implications as a telling study of ‘environmental culture’ (p. 6) go beyond German history. The book is divided into four substantive chapters, an introduction and conclusion. In the introduction Rollins highlights the complex relationship of modernity and nostalgia in such a movement, warning against the tendency to dismiss it as a simplistic reaction against the modern world. The first chapter provides a context for the movement, stressing German historical antecedents such as early nineteenth-century movements for land beautification, and parallels with movements in Britain. Chapter 2 focuses on the emergence of the Heimatschutz in Wilhelmine society, showing how it turned a term previously used in relation to military defence to environmental ends. Formally inaugurated in Dresden in March 1904 and initially focused in central Germany, by 1908 the movement had a strong influence on planning and architectural policies. A breakdown of the 30 000 membership in 1914 shows a predominance of civil servants, educationalists and businessmen. Rollins, employing a Gramscian analysis of hegemonic and counterhegemonic culture, terms this, slightly awkwardly, a counterculture within the bourgeoisie, negotiating rights of property and community and criticizing the acts of capitalist ‘native vandals’ (p. 148) through ‘Heimat economics’ (p. 144). In Chapter 3 Rollins covers specific strategies for ‘Envisioning the Heimat landscape’, highlighting a range of concerns which echo movements elsewhere; the erection of billboards in the landscape, field rationalization, forest monoculture. Debates over river-straightening could come straight from contemporary dis-","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116887142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Colonial Genealogy of George Vancouver’s Chart of the North-West Coast of North America","authors":"Daniel Clayton","doi":"10.1177/096746080000700401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080000700401","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the burgeoning critical literature on the history of cartography by tracking the links between maps, knowledge and power that stemmed from George Vancouver’s survey of the north-west coast of North America. Dispatched to the region by the British in 1791, Vancouver conducted an exhaustive cartographic survey and has been represented as the ‘true discoverer’ of the coast. It is argued here that he created a cartographic space (rather than simply discovered a pre-existing geography), and that his reconnaissance induced and supported a range of imperial and colonial practices. Vancouver’s work played a central role in the creation of a system of imperial inscription that primed the coast for colonial intervention. Attention is paid to the ways in which Vancouver’s project became (and remains) authoritative and influential in imperial and colonial terms: how it turned the coast into an arena of British imperial interest by occluding prior and alternative inscriptions on the land; how a variety of colonial images, projects and associations were derived from his work; and how we might now see his work in relation to the present.","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"279 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122768625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}