Book Review: Inuit, whaling and sustainability

N. Castree
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

sports provided support for the nascent Conservancy and yet undermined its credibility as a research organization. This book’s main contribution is its elucidation of the political battles and debates behind the quiet growth of the Conservancy in the 1950s and 1960s. One battle was over increasing state control of private land management. There were Conservative concerns that the designation of nature reserves was land nationalization ‘through the back door’. Support for the Conservancy was, however, strengthened through its important research into the effects of DDT on bird populations. John Morrison, the Conservative MP who was an influential early critic of the role of the Conservancy in impeding farmers and landowners, was later to be a firm supporter of its findings on the effects of DDT. Other key debates closely examined include the relative importance of the land management and research roles of the Conservancy and the institutional divide, yet to be resolved, between state control over land management for recreation and scientific conservation. John Sheail’s careful, unpolemical analysis provides great insights, backed up by carefully chosen observations and case studies. It is, for example, fascinating to read of John Hope-Simpson warning Max Nicholson, the director-general of the Nature Conservancy, as late as 1954 that ‘grassland “improvement” might be as disastrous to the wildlife of many sites as being ploughed up or afforested’ (p. 66). Sheail’s analysis of the effects of the institutionalization of agronomy within the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, sylviculture within the Forestry Commission and ecology within the Nature Conservancy is also of great value. The excellent archive photographs, many taken by Peter Wakely, add substance to a book which makes a major contribution to our understanding of the development of nature conservation in Britain.
书评:因纽特人,捕鲸和可持续发展
体育运动为新生的大自然保护协会提供了支持,但也损害了它作为一个研究机构的信誉。这本书的主要贡献在于它阐明了20世纪50年代和60年代自然保护协会悄然发展背后的政治斗争和辩论。其中一场斗争是关于增加国家对私有土地管理的控制。保守党担心,指定自然保护区是“走后门”的土地国有化。然而,通过对滴滴涕对鸟类种群影响的重要研究,加强了对保护协会的支持。保守党议员约翰·莫里森(John Morrison)早期曾对保护协会阻碍农民和土地所有者的行为提出过有影响力的批评,但后来却坚定支持该协会关于DDT影响的研究结果。其他重要的争论包括土地管理的相对重要性和保护协会的研究角色,以及国家对休闲和科学保护土地管理的控制之间尚未解决的制度分歧。约翰·希尔(John Sheail)的仔细、无争议的分析提供了深刻的见解,并以精心挑选的观察和案例研究为后盾。例如,约翰·霍普-辛普森直到1954年才警告大自然保护协会的总干事马克斯·尼科尔森说,“草原”的改善“对许多地方的野生动物来说,可能和开垦或造林一样是灾难性的”(第66页),读起来很有意思。她对农业部农学制度化、林业委员会林业学制度化、大自然保护协会生态学制度化影响的分析也很有价值。这些优秀的档案照片,其中许多是由Peter Wakely拍摄的,为这本书增添了内容,对我们了解英国自然保护的发展做出了重大贡献。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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