Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)最新文献

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Globalized Andes? Livelihoods, Landscapes and Development 全球化的安第斯山脉吗?生计、景观和发展
Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies) Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/096746080100800403
A. Bebbington
{"title":"Globalized Andes? Livelihoods, Landscapes and Development","authors":"A. Bebbington","doi":"10.1177/096746080100800403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080100800403","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary globalization in the Andes challenges the sustainability and quality of rural livelihoods. However, it is also the case that rural people have often addressed these destructive dimensions of economic globalization through a progressively deeper engagement in other types of globalized relationship. They have done this by organizing, through engagements with networks linking them to international actors, and through participation in new product and labor markets. While such global entanglements do not guarantee local development and empowerment, they offer one of the few ways to confront the demise of rural localities. This paper discusses such sets of globalized relationships in four localities in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. Particular attention is paid to the ways in which the emergence and activities of local organizations and social movements have been affected by the nature of their relationships with wider transnational development networks, and the constraints and possibilities that come with these relationships. The cases demonstrate how forms of global entanglement vary greatly across sites, and so suggest that the effects of globalization on livelihoods and landscapes are not easy to judge normatively or ex ante. Instead they imply that rather than speaking of globalization generically, it is important to consider the types and sequences of globalized relationships in which people and places have been enmeshed. This suggests the need for historically situated studies of ‘glocalization’ in order to understand both the actual processes of livelihood change under conditions of globalization, and the conditions under which more sustainable and locally governed rural livelihoods and landscapes might be built.","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123547988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 75
Book Review: Privatizing nature: political struggles for the global commons 书评:私有化自然:全球公地的政治斗争
Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies) Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/096746080100800416
On-Kwok Lai
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引用次数: 0
Expo.02: Exhibiting Swiss identity 世博02:展示瑞士特色
Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies) Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/096746080100800407
O. Söderström
{"title":"Expo.02: Exhibiting Swiss identity","authors":"O. Söderström","doi":"10.1177/096746080100800407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080100800407","url":null,"abstract":"ducted – as far as they can be – with great prudence. This peculiarity produces strange and interesting phenomena. In this short paper I want to deal with one of these: the survival of national exhibitions. Switzerland is the only European country where there has been a persistent tradition of national exhibitions in the twentieth century. This tradition continues into the present century with an exhibition in four cities of the region of Neuchâtel (Bienne, Morat, Yverdon and Neuchâtel) planned for 2002. My very modest goal is here to sketch briefly the historical context of this exhibition, and consider some of the questions raised by my experience of working with artists, architects and academics on an exhibition on space and identity. I will argue that the cultural projects underpinning these national exhibitions in the past and the forthcoming exhibition have radically changed. This change is at the root of the unease and controversies that the present project has generated, and signifies a shift in the public and governmental politics of Swiss identity.","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128472947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Book Review: Land, ecology and resistance in Kenya, 1880-1952 书评:肯尼亚的土地、生态和抵抗,1880-1952
Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies) Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/096746080100800415
J. Sidaway
{"title":"Book Review: Land, ecology and resistance in Kenya, 1880-1952","authors":"J. Sidaway","doi":"10.1177/096746080100800415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080100800415","url":null,"abstract":"quite dynamic, supple and strategic narrative practices, and reinforce the stereotype of changeless Native American beliefs and attachments to the land. Charles Frake’s essay offers a glimpse at an ethnographer’s concern to understand familiar rather than distant cultures. He considers place concepts and references to place among the English, specifically white and rural residents of East Anglia. Clearly the rural landscapes of England are an important part of Englishness, and Frake offers examples in his analysis through the stories of local residents. He explores a variety of themes including toponymy, the writing of place, and the ambiguities of ‘improving’ place, interpreted variously as landscape preservation and development. Like the other contributors, Frake explores the relation of researcher to the studied group, but in this case the central problem is the inadequacy of the ethnographer’s standard lexicon for adequately explaining the familiar. The book concludes with Clifford Geertz’s essay, which should warm the hearts of geographers fond of thick description. For Geertz, place is part of everyone’s existence and thus ‘goes without saying’ (p. 258). Not surprisingly, he leaves little room for the theorization of place. In his conception of the human sciences, the particularism of place is not a bad outcome, but neither Casey nor most geographers would find it a wholly acceptable one.","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127051487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Book Review: North American exploration, vol. I: A new world disclosed, The history of cartography, vol. II, book 3: Cartography in the traditional African, American, Arctic, Australian, and Pacific societies 书评:北美探险,第一卷:揭示了一个新的世界,地图学的历史,第二卷,第三卷:传统非洲、美洲、北极、澳大利亚和太平洋社会的地图学
Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies) Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/096746080100800408
Daniel Clayton
{"title":"Book Review: North American exploration, vol. I: A new world disclosed, The history of cartography, vol. II, book 3: Cartography in the traditional African, American, Arctic, Australian, and Pacific societies","authors":"Daniel Clayton","doi":"10.1177/096746080100800408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080100800408","url":null,"abstract":"I had the good fortune of being asked to review these two magisterial volumes, and now have the great misfortune of having to do so in 1500 words. A new world disclosed forms part of an ambitious three-volume scholarly overview of the history of North American exploration, and Cartography in the traditional African, American, Arctic, Australian, and Pacific societies is the fourth volume in the stunning History of Cartography project that was inaugurated by David Woodward and the late Brian Harley in the 1980s. Both of these volumes draw together an impressive range of work by eminent scholars from a variety of disciplines, and both of them are bound to become seminal reference works in their respective fields of exploration and cartography. The former project, we are told, is the first of its kind for over 100 years, and one has to go back to Bruno Adler’s pathbreaking ‘Maps of primitive peoples’ (1910) to find a work on ‘traditional’ cartography that has a global reach. A new world disclosed contains eight long chapters on processes of exploration from the pre-Columbian era of European contact to the close of what John Parry dubbed ‘the age of reconnaissance’ in the mid-seventeenth century, and an introduction by the editor, John Allen, which explains that the volume ‘emphasizes the role of the human imagination in exploration as much as it features observations and experience.’ I can think of few better scholarly syntheses of Europe’s early engagement with this part of the world than Alan McPherson’s assiduous reconstruction of the Norse voyages of the tenth and eleventh centuries, David Beers Quinn’s finely crafted exposition of Europe’s fixation with the Northwest Passage, or Karen Ordahl Kupperman’s wide-ranging discussion of how the Atlantic seaboard was brought into European focus. All of the chapters seek to take stock of current scholarship and debates about the meaning of exploration in an accessible fashion, and all of them are attentive to the reciprocal constitution of text and context. One can tease out of these chapters","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127332282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Landscapes of Diversity: A Local Political Ecology of Livelihood Diversification in South-Western Niger 多样性景观:尼日尔西南部生计多样化的地方政治生态
Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies) Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/096746080100800404
S. Batterbury
{"title":"Landscapes of Diversity: A Local Political Ecology of Livelihood Diversification in South-Western Niger","authors":"S. Batterbury","doi":"10.1177/096746080100800404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080100800404","url":null,"abstract":"The landscapes created by livelihood diversification in rural Africa result from human activity, from biophysical processes, and from their interrelations. The paper explores these interrelationships through analysis of ‘productive bricolage’ -the ways in which rural people in one of Africa’s most disadvantaged countries have constructed a livelihood system that is a response to local constraints and opportunities, and to broader patterns of income-generating possibilities. Zarma farmers in south-west Niger inhabit a region where the political economy has helped fuel economic migration and a partial withdrawal from agriculture, and has significantly altered social relationships and labour patterns in and between households. Zarma responses to these conditions include income diversification, and these activities are expressed in their fields and their farms, as well as in their economic and locational choices. Attempts to build bridges between the concerns of a geographically aware ‘local political ecology’, concerned with these patterns of livelihood dynamics and resource use, and the new cultural geography of landscape must continue to pay attention to material practices enacted through human agency. Social and environmental change is a fluid, non-linear, and dynamic process in drylands that are marginal to the globalized economic system.","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121854693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 172
Book Review: Blessed Anastácia: women, race, and Christianity in Brazil 书评:受祝福的Anastácia:巴西的妇女、种族和基督教
Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies) Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/096746080100800412
L. Martins
{"title":"Book Review: Blessed Anastácia: women, race, and Christianity in Brazil","authors":"L. Martins","doi":"10.1177/096746080100800412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080100800412","url":null,"abstract":"aspects of the national ethos. At the same time, however, the book inadvertently serves to illustrate one of the very basic limitations of the constructionist approach. In one of the most provocative passages of the book, N. Stargardt observes that ‘most scholars who have taken up ideas such as the ‘‘invention of tradition’’ or ‘‘imagined communities’’ have done so within discrete national units, thereby subtly reinstating at the centre what they claim to be so keen to displace’ (p. 23). With only a few exceptions, this holds entirely true for the essays collected in Imagining nations. The unrelenting preoccupation of most contributors with a single national example and the consistent absence of some comparative referential framework do indeed have the curious but unmistakable effect of enhancing an impression of national distinctiveness and uniqueness, and affirming thereby one of the principal tenets of those who imagined the nation in the first place. This particular critique must be deployed carefully, however, and it is useful not so much for faulting the essays delivered here as for indicating possible fruitful paths for future research. To pick but one example: having considered how British national space was defined and organized through a ‘culture of cartography’, would the logical next step not be to invert and broaden the approach, looking now at cartography and mapping per se as a practice and a mechanism for constructing national spaces – and through this nationhood itself – in the modern period? This would immediately establish links across the ‘classical’ European nations such as France, Germany and Russia, and it would link to more recent examples of nation-building as well, beginning with postcolonial North America and extending eventually over much of the globe. All nations, after all, map themselves, and it is probably fair to assume that this activity has always and everywhere been meaningful in terms of the articulation of national identity. In response to the question ‘how were nations invented?’ Imagining nations provides much valuable material. The question now should become: how can we generalize about the processes of construction across national experiences, and what further insight may be gained thereby into the condition of nationhood?","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133959387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: Framing France: the representation of landscape in France, 1870-1914 书评:构筑法国:1870-1914年法国风景的表现
Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies) Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/096746080100800410
M. Gandy
{"title":"Book Review: Framing France: the representation of landscape in France, 1870-1914","authors":"M. Gandy","doi":"10.1177/096746080100800410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080100800410","url":null,"abstract":"This collection of essays emerged out of the 1994 exhibition entitled Monet to Matisse: landscape painting in France, 1874–1914 held at the National Gallery of Scotland in Edinburgh. The editor, Richard Thomson, notes in his introduction that the study of French landscape art has developed significantly in recent years through the innovative contributions of Nicholas Green, Robert Herbert and others. This collection seeks to extend these insights and explicitly disengage from the narrowly formalist or Romantic legacy of art-historical writing on depictions of nature and landscape. The period under examination marks a series of transformations in both the physical characteristics of the French landscape and the different ways in which these landscapes were experienced by an increasingly urbanized, mobile and culturally sophisticated set of audiences. The opening essay by John House explores the status of French landscape painting in the 1870s. House links the production of art at this time to the repressive context of the Third Republic in the wake of the disastrous FrancoPrussian war. The foreign policy débâcle fostered a nationalistic emphasis on historical, religious or mythological subjects. As a consequence, landscape art found itself in an ambiguous relation to the salon and newly emerging trends in the French art market. In Chapter 2 Joy Newton considers parallels between naturalistic landscape depictions in art and literature. She explores the close social and intellectual interaction between Zola and Cézanne and their shared pursuit of multi-perspectival forms of cultural representation. The focus on Cézanne is also elaborated by Richard Shiff, who examines the significance of ‘blurring’ as a painterly technique which has become central to the modernist conceptualization of landscape aesthetics. Shiff finds historical continuities between the art of Cézanne and the postwar representational experimentation of Chuck Close and Jasper Johns. In Chapter 4 Griselda Pollock considers the crosscultural translation of landscape art between Holland and the south of France through the paintings of Van Gogh. She examines the simultaneous development of political disengagement and exoticist imagery in his work as part of a wider difficulty of engagement with the emerging avant-garde in Paris. The extraordinary permutations in the art of Maurice Denis form the focus of Jean-Paul Bouillon’s chapter. In seems as if the landscapes of Denis have compressed every facet of the evolving relation between art and nature in the First World War era ranging from traditional classicism to Symbolism. A close reading of a lesser-known artist from this era is also developed with Richard Thomson’s essay on the innovative murals of Henri Martin. For Thomson, the 508 Book reviews","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117207748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: Environmental philosophy and ethics in Buddhism, Spirit of the environment: religion, value and environmental concern 书评:《佛教中的环境哲学与伦理》,《环境精神:宗教、价值与环境关怀》
Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies) Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/096746080100800413
T. Jazeel
{"title":"Book Review: Environmental philosophy and ethics in Buddhism, Spirit of the environment: religion, value and environmental concern","authors":"T. Jazeel","doi":"10.1177/096746080100800413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080100800413","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126564430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Complex Communities and Emergent Ecologies in the Regional Agroforest of Zambrana-Chacuey, Dominican Republic 多米尼加共和国Zambrana-Chacuey地区复合农林的复杂群落和新兴生态
Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies) Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/096746080100800405
D. Rocheleau, Laurie Ross, Julio Morrobel, L. Malaret, Ricardo Hernández, Tara Kominiak
{"title":"Complex Communities and Emergent Ecologies in the Regional Agroforest of Zambrana-Chacuey, Dominican Republic","authors":"D. Rocheleau, Laurie Ross, Julio Morrobel, L. Malaret, Ricardo Hernández, Tara Kominiak","doi":"10.1177/096746080100800405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080100800405","url":null,"abstract":"Global economic change and the discourses, models and practice of international sustainable development are major forces of ecological construction and restructuring. The paper illustrates how the social and ecological co-construction of forests in the Zambrana-Chacuey region in the Dominican Republic has material consequences for distinct groups of people and for other species in rural landscapes. The introduction of the Acacia mangium - a fast growing tree - as a timber cash crop for smallholder farmers in the region between 1984 and 1994 had major social, economic and ecological consequences. A rural federation collaborated with ENDA-Caribe, an international non-government organization, in a ten-year social forestry experiment to develop and promote economically and environmentally viable timber cash cropping systems for smallholder farmers. The experience of the federation members provides a window on the workings of gender, class and popular organization in the making of forest ecologies, and demonstrates the influence of transnational sustainable development models and organizations in the social and biological transformation of rural life. The encounter between the complex social and ecological context with an apparently simple project yields insights into the social, political and material construction, destruction and transformation of biotic assemblages in forests, fields, pastures and gardens in this forest/farm matrix. The research findings also illuminate the distinct effects of the resulting restructured ecologies on the diverse interest groups and plant communities within the regional agroforest.","PeriodicalId":104830,"journal":{"name":"Ecumene (continues as Cultural Geographies)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123096875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 58
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