2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)最新文献

{"title":"A Machine Learning GNSS Interference Detection Method based on ADS-B Multi-index Features","authors":"Di Zuo, Chuang Shi, Kaiyan Jin, Peng Zhao, Wenhua Zou, Kaiquan Cai","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124266","url":null,"abstract":"The modern air traffic management system relies heavily on GNSS systems, which provide multiple information for communication, navigation, and surveillance systems, GNSS interference seriously affects the accuracy, consistency, and reliability of various aviation equipment, endangering aviation safety. When GNSS interferes, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) reported data will also appear abnormal, since ADS-B data mainly depends on GNSS. Therefore, the ADS-B report, which is high-frequency and contains spatiotemporal data characteristics provides a new idea for interference detection. However, most existing methods for detecting GNSS interference sources based on ADS-B data rely on only one or two index from a single ADS-B report. The inherent uncertainty of the ADS-B data leads to a tendency for these detection methods to identify non-interfering as interfering.In this paper, we propose a new A Machine Learning GNSS interference detection method based on ADS-B multi-index features, which reduces the impact of the uncertainty of the ADS-B data itself on GNSS interference detection through two improvements. Firstly, we analyze the multiple relevant features of the interference data based on laboratory simulation experiences and actual accidents, then observes the data distribution of each ADS-B feature under normal and interfering conditions and the interrelationship between ADS-B features. The Navigation Integrity Category (NIC), Navigation Accuracy Category for Position (NACp), Source Integrity Level (SIL), messages update interval, the change rate of ground speed, the change rate of position, track angle(TA), flight level(FL), and ADS-B equipment version were finally extracted as multi-index features. Secondly, this paper uses sliding windows to construct new inputs that contain time dimension change information. This construction of input data can obtain more accurate manual annotation and enable various machine learning classifiers to be more effectively applied to ADS-B report data.To prove the effectiveness of the above two improvements, the logical regression model based on multi-index system with original inputs construction, is used as a baseline for classifier performance, it first compared with the original method with a single index, through experiments we find that the classification method based on multiple index has a better performance. Then, various multi-index machine learning methods with new inputs constructed were used to detect GNSS interference, including Recurrent Neural Network(RNN) and Long Short Term Memory(LSTM). Also, take the multi-index logistic regression model as a baseline, and finally, the experimental results are compared and discussed.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126886790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for road safety improvement","authors":"Sana Bouassida, Najett Neji, L. Nouvelière, Jallouli Mohamed, J. Néji","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124306","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we aim at introducing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to prevent accidents, considering a use case that is likely to happen in cities where vehicles are circulating and when approaching an intersection like a pedestrian crossing, a railway crossing or a crossroad. A first UAV observes from the top of the scene and will, in certain cases, notify a second UAV which will exchange information either with the car driver if its behavior is far from a reference profile, or with the infrastructure in the ultimate case. We highlight interactions between the two UAVs (U2U communication) as well as between the UAV and the car vehicle (U2V communication) and between the UAV and infrastructure (U2I communication). Hence, we emphasize the benefit of using UAVs to enhance safety and reduce accident gravity rate.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128287294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-band Air-Ground Radio Performance: Example Flight Test Results","authors":"D. Matolak, Zeenat Afroze","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124253","url":null,"abstract":"We recently concluded a four-year University Leadership Initiative (ULI) project sponsored by NASA, which investigated multiple aviation communications technology areas aimed at enhancing future aviation safety. These areas were dual-band air-ground communications for air traffic management, detection and interdiction of small drones, and high-capacity terrestrial airport communications networking. In this paper we report on flight test results of our dual-band radios. These radios were designed to use a spectrally efficient multi-carrier modulation, filterbank multicarrier (FBMC), which we had previously shown to improve resilience to high-power distance measurement equipment (DME) adjacent-channel interference, in comparison to existing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) schemes. In our NASA project, we designed the FBMC radios to extend performance even further, using the following techniques: (i) simultaneous dual-band transmission and reception; (ii) ground station (GS) spatial diversity; (iii) higher-order modulation for a factor of 5 capacity increase over QPSK; (iv) a Doppler-resilient option using a smaller number of subcarriers; and, (v) 5-MHz bandwidth C-band transmissions for an order of magnitude capacity increase over existing 500-kHz channel schemes. To our knowledge, these are novel achievements for civil aviation, and our flight test results attained a technology readiness level (TRL) of 5. In this paper we briefly describe the project history, in which we spent approximately one year working with Boeing to participate in one of their Eco-Demonstrator flight trials, and obtained special temporary authorizations to transmit in both the L-band and C-band, from the FAA, the FCC, and the DoD. When COVID-19 dispersed worldwide, Boeing was no longer able to support us, so we revised our plans and teamed with the South Carolina Civil Air Patrol (SC CAP) to conduct smaller-scale flight tests. This paper summarizes the radio designs and the novel features we employed, as well as analyses, computer simulations, and laboratory tests prior to terrestrial mobile testing, all of which culminated in our successful flight tests. We show example flight test results that serve as proof of concept for all the five aforementioned radio performance enhancements. Example results include signal-to-noise ratio and bit error ratio, diversity gains, and throughput gains through both higher-order modulation and wider bandwidth channels. We also report on some lessons learned, and some ideas for future advancement of our work.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134097389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BB-Planner: an urban traffic dataset generation tool","authors":"Joaquin Vico Navarro, Pablo Morcillo Pallarés, Cecilia Claramunt Puchol, C. A. Chuquitarco-Jiménez, J.V.B. Tejedor, Juan Antonio Vila Carbó","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124291","url":null,"abstract":"There has been heightened interest in the application of unmanned aircraft operations to urban environments in recent years. This has triggered activities both in the research communities and private sector to analyze the extent to which safe, secure and efficient operations can be performed. However, there is an acute lack of reliable data in this field. BB-Planners aims to help alleviate this issue. BB-Planner is a simulation tool developed during the BUBBLES project, funded by the SESAR Joint Undertaking (SJU), and it is focused on the generation and analysis of drone traffic in an urban environment. This software is able to generate trajectories with different patterns of flight that simulate several types of missions that could occur in an urban setting, including delivery, surveillance and inspection. These trajectories can be randomly generated or deconflicted trajectories defined by their waypoints or areas of operation. The trajectories generated at this stage are considered ideal, however, for different applications the degradation generated by the surveillance system has to be considered. Thus, the BB-planner tool can inject this degradation, considering the positional errors, the latency and the probability of detection of the surveillance system. After the drone trajectories are generated, the system can count the number of conflicts that occurred during the simulation. For this end, the value used for the separation minima can be a single value for all the current drones provided by the user and based on the total system error (TSE) or a different value for each drone based both on the TSE and the performance characteristics of the aircraft. BB-planner can be used to generate datasets that approximate an airspace with different operators and evaluate the different parameters’ effect on the frequency of conflict and other relevant metrics.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114655246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Full Integration of Manned and Unmanned Air Traffic: A Test Case Study – Performance Results of Future All Aviation CNS Technology (FACT) Project","authors":"R. Yeniceri, E. Koyuncu, İpek Ösken, P. Casek, Marketa Palenska, İ. Orhan, Haluk Yapicioglu, Birsen Açikel, Ugur Turhan, Mustafa Oğuz Diken, Klaus-Peter Sternemann, Jacky Pouzet, Uwe Doetsch","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124293","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents results of real flight evaluation of integrated communication, navigation and surveillance solution equipment for both manned and unmanned aerial vehicles aiming to share the same airspace. An equipment set, consisting of an experimental CNS device connected to Internet over an LTE modem with a proper antenna, and own battery is developed and installed on an aircraft, a rotorcraft and two drones. The usability of this equipment is evaluated from both technical and operational point of view in the UTM and ATM reflexes exhibited in the cases of area violation and route deviation of manned / unmanned aerial vehicles in controlled and uncontrolled airspace.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127790551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noise Footprint of Electric Aviation at Regional Airports: A Case Study of VNY","authors":"Aboli Datey, Bryan Kao, Renee Francisco, Megan Moradpour, Robin Kim, Nadav Bronicki, J. Rakas","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124303","url":null,"abstract":"Following an increased interest in aviation decarbonization, electric aircraft - including conventional fixed-wing and electric Vertical Take-Off & Landing aircraft (eVTOLs) - are approaching certification. While several studies and eVTOL manufacturers claim noise pollution reduction near airports to be a significant benefit of replacing existing aircraft with electric aircraft, there is little research quantifying this suggested benefit. This study develops a method for quantifying noise footprint benefits of electric aviation at regional airports. The method is applied to Van Nuys airport (VNY) in the Los Angeles Basin by simulating noise levels in a 7-mile radius around the airport and measuring the difference in total area affected by high noise levels (> 55dB as set by the FAA) for three scenarios: the base case, 20% electric aircraft, and 50% electric aircraft. The proposed method can be applied to other regional airports to compute their noise footprint. Understanding the noise footprint of airport operations is critical for land use zoning of the surrounding area and hence, sustainable development of community infrastructure and regional air mobility. Such noise simulations can also be used to guide the development of novel methods of urban and regional air mobility. In both the 20% and 50% electrification scenarios, the VNY noise analysis results show the following: (a) the number of highly annoyed individuals decreased by 7.42% and 14.91% respectively; (b) the areas with high Day-Night Level (DNL) are reduced; (c) the percentage of noise reduction is larger in areas with high base case DNL above 65 dB; and (d) the presence of a large disparity in DNL between Disadvantaged Communities (DACs) and non-DACs in five neighborhoods.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129762250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Air-Ground Channel Modeling Approach for Multiple Antenna Systems","authors":"Ayten Gürbüz, M. Walter","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124263","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, multiple antenna systems have demonstrated significant improvements in communication system performance. However, little research has been conducted on their application in air-ground communication systems, especially for the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS). Thus, it is necessary to understand the extent to which multiple antenna systems can enhance air-ground communications and whether they are worth installing. To address this, we propose developing a geometry-based stochastic channel model to simulate various scenarios in air-ground channels for performance analysis. We study the propagation effects in air-ground channels and analyze them for the use of multiple antenna systems. Our preliminary results show that using beamforming techniques can significantly decrease the disruptive effects caused by multipath components. Based on these findings, we propose a channel modeling approach to evaluate the performance benefits of multiple antenna systems in air-ground communications and to develop a framework for their future implementation.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132416333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method for Formal Analysis of the Type and Content of Airline Standard Operating Procedures","authors":"Jomana A. Bashatah, L. Sherry","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124313","url":null,"abstract":"Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are the \"glue\" that holds complex systems together to ensure a safe and efficient mission. The SOPs define the sequence of navigation procedures and trajectory maneuvers required for normal, abnormal, and emergency operations. SOP Steps define the specific perceptual, cognitive, and physical actions (e.g., button pushes) and communications for each procedure. The type of SOP step (e.g., action-only, decision steps …) and the clarity and completeness of these written SOPs and their associated steps impact the time to proficiency in training and the mission efficiency and safety.This paper describes a method for analyzing the step type and content of SOPs. The SOP model used to define the step type and content is based on a stimulus-response model of the cognition required to perform each SOP step. A case study analysis of 321 SOP steps for Extravehicular Activities (EVA) for International Space Station (ISS) operations was annotated and analyzed. The SOP steps are classified into four distinct types: Action-only steps (73%), Decision steps (0%), Action with Waiting & Verification (27%), and Decision with Waiting & Verification (0%). SOP Steps with waiting-verification are subject to failure to complete without salient visual cues.The content of the SOP steps showed that the SOP steps require operators to fill in gaps with knowledge regarding the role of each operator, and how to manipulate input devices. For example, the actor in the SOP steps was never included, despite the fact that the procedures were intended to be completed by a couple of operators. Additionally, the motor skill needed to complete the steps was included two percent (2%) of the time, and the input device used was included twelve percent (12%) of the time. The content also took advantage of implicit information. For example, the triggering conditions were included only three percent (3%) of the time. This was mainly due to the sequential nature of the steps, and not needing to be performed once a specific condition has been met. These characteristics significantly impact the time to proficiency in training, and the probability of failure to complete in infrequent operations (e.g. emergency). The implications of these results on training are discussed.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128375318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Software-Defined Architecture and Front-End Optimization for DO-178B Compliant Distance Measuring Equipment","authors":"Farzan Farhangian, Behnam Shakibafar, Bobda Cedric, R. Landry","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124320","url":null,"abstract":"Among the air navigation technologies, many of them are capable of increasing the aviation sustainability as well as accuracy improvement in Alternative Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (APNT) specially avionics Distance Measuring Equipment (DME), Very high frequency Omni-directional Range (VOR), etc. The integration of these air navigation solutions could make a robust and efficient accuracy in air mobility, air traffic management and autonomous operations. Designing a proper RF front-end, power amplifier and software-defined transponder could pave the way of reaching an optimized avionics navigation solution. In this article, the possibility of reaching an optimum front-end to be used with single low-cost Software-Defined Radio (SDR) has been investigated in order to reach a novel software-defined DME architecture. Our software-defined approach uses the firmware possibilities to design a real-time software architecture compatible with a Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) BladeRF to estimate an accurate time delay between a Transmission (Tx) and the reception (Rx) channels using the synchronous scheduled communication. We could design a novel power amplifier for the transmission channel of the DME to pass the minimum transmission power. This article also investigates designing a proper pair pulse based on the DO-178B avionics standard. Various guidelines have been tested and the possibility of passing the certification process for each standard term have been analyzed. Finally, the performance of the DME has been tested in the laboratory environment using an IFR6000 which showed that the proposed architecture reached the accuracy of less than 0.23 Nautical mile (Nmi) with 98% probability.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117354555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective Collaborative Trajectory Deconfliction Incorporating Equity and Airline Priorities","authors":"Yi Zhou, Minghua Hu, Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124326","url":null,"abstract":"In order to facilitate collaborative decision-making in the Trajectory-Based Operation context, a strategic collaborative trajectory deconfliction method in Free Route Airspace is proposed. To achieve good trade-off between the objectives of safety, efficiency and equity, a multi-objective nonlinear integer model is formulated for the trajectory deconfliction problem by modifying the user-preferred trajectories with the combination of ground delay, rerouting and flight level allocation maneuvers. The Gini coefficient-based metric is introduced to quantify the inter-airline equity, and the airline priorities are incorporated in the model with the maximum allowed extra operation cost of each flight. Considering the large-scale and multi-objective characteristics of the problem, a decomposition-based memetic algorithm hybridized with local search operators is proposed. To balance the exploitation and exploration of the search process, A special hybridization scheme is employed for the setting of local search intensity and frequency. A traffic scenario in western China airspace with several free-routing sectors is used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed collaborative trajectory deconfliction method can provide high quality solutions to decision support in strategic trajectories planning.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"315 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116120064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}