2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)最新文献

{"title":"Roadmap towards an ECAC-wide Flight Centric ATC implementation","authors":"Carmo Kluenker, Tobias Finck","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124327","url":null,"abstract":"The Flight Centric Air Traffic Control (FCA) concept describes a new approach to air traffic control (ATC) with the aim of reducing CO2 emissions while at the same time increasing airspace capacity. It is expected that the advantages of this concept increase with the size of the airspace in which it is applied. The feasibility of Flight Centric ATC has already been demonstrated at area control center (ACC) level. Next, the potential and obstacles of implementing FCA across the airspace of the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) states shall be investigates. This paper presents a possible roadmap for such an implementation and discusses the challenges associated with it. Challenges include the allocation of aircraft to controllers and adapting the human-machine interface (HMI) to allow controllers to guide different aircraft across Europe simultaneously. Also, new separation management tools with a higher level of automation, new air-to-ground communication technology that enables communication with few or no frequency changes across large airspaces, as well as the impact on human factors and the political and legal questions are part of the challenges. All to be solved maintaining or improving the current level of safety.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131540594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Based Determination of Detect-and-Avoid Ranges in a Constrained Airspace","authors":"N. Peinecke","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124304","url":null,"abstract":"Urban air mobility concepts and unmanned aircraft have the potential to increase the number of unmanned aircraft sharing the same airspace. An effective method, among others, to reduce the probability of conflicts or even collisions is to constrain the velocity and direction of vehicles in close proximity. Effectively, reducing the relative velocities of nearby vehicles makes conflicts more unlikely and easier to solve. This approach is well known from automobile highways, and it forms the basis of concepts like air corridors, air tubes, and, in general, Geovectoring. By constraining and synchronizing velocity and direction the likelihood of a collision is reduced even at higher absolute velocities. Nevertheless, Geovectoring may still require a detect-and-avoid (DAA) solution to become aware of potential conflicts by monitoring the distances and velocities of surrounding traffic.In a previous publication a method for calculating the minimal required detection ranges for several constrained airspaces have already been developed. The method is based on parallel simulations considering the individual performance parameters of involved vehicles. It was shown that constraining the direction of movement in an air corridor for drones is most effective in terms of reducing the required minimal range of a DAA solution. Constraining the magnitude of velocity reduces the required range further, depending on the chosen method of avoid.In this paper the calculations are extended to a number of drone types that can be expected to be found in a future urban delivery network. Three different types of avoid solutions are compared, namely horizontal avoid, vertical avoid and speed change. It is shown that although drone performances may differ the resulting DAA ranges share similar characteristics allowing for a common DAA solution for all types. The results of these calculations have been used in the European project USEPE to strategically determine the capacity of given airspace sectors as well as implement a simulated tactical DAA solution. Further, examples of the resulting tables are presented that can be used to implement a state-based DAA solution as well as to determine requirements for strategical and tactical separation services.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128351519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Communications Evolution’s Effects on Air Traffic Systems – Nuisance or National Risk","authors":"Kenneth Duncan, David Hoenigmann, Terrol S. Guyah","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124331","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of telecommunications transport networks from synchronous to asynchronous communications is mass-market commercial service driven, where operational affordability and efficiencies for telecommunications network providers are realized. However, while delivering advancements in capabilities and services, the product quality has suffered for consumers, sacrificing phone voice call quality for the flexibility, mobility and functionality of smart phone devices, as evidenced by the change in advertisements from \"a pin drop\" to \"can you hear me now\" [1]. In aviation and other safety centric industries, accurate and precise network timing are critical for applications reliant on integrated communications. These applications require consistent guaranteed data delivery measured using a network timing capability that is absent in asynchronous networks, which introduces packet delay variation (i.e., jitter), packet loss, and inconsistent latency characteristics in the performance of these systems. Approximately 90% of applications supporting air traffic navigation require the network timing capability inherent in synchronous communications networks but the slow migration of these applications to use native asynchronous communications has been outpaced by the telecommunications industry sunsetting of the underlying synchronous services and equipment. There are mature hardware based technologies (e.g., tunneling) dedicated to migrate data from systems reliant on synchronous networks, unaltered, for transport over asynchronous packet switched networks. Aided by existing network protocols (e.g., QoS, Sync Ethernet, Frequency based PTP, SD-WAN, Segment routing, and Traffic Engineering), these hardware-based technologies have been successful in providing communications for a subset of these systems that require guaranteed data delivery but lab vs real-world experience migrating these applications have delivered mixed results due to the end-application sensitivity to network performance variability.An alternative to terrestrial asynchronous networks for successful communications of native synchronous or sensitive asynchronous/IP applications leverage the proliferation and acceptance of newer fixed wireless last mile network transport technologies such as 5G and Low Earth Orbit Satellite (LEO), offering even greater performance variance compared to terrestrial asynchronous networks. While 5G testing in under optimal conditions has shown promise, field testing has been less successful due to the inconsistency in real-world network performance. The LEO constellations are not yet mature to perform adequate testing but the expectation is to perform this evaluation in the near future as the constellation coverage gaps are closed.With such varying degrees of success when transporting native synchronous or sensitive asynchronous/IP applications over modern asynchronous networks, there are two basic approaches for addressing the effects of the network communic","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128037754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mode N - A promising Approach for future Navigation","authors":"Steffen Marquard, Volker Görldt, M. Grandt, F. Madritsch, Felix Butsch, Frank Adam","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124309","url":null,"abstract":"Mode N - Mode Navigation - is a new concept for a ground-based system to provide a navigation service for civil and military aviation jointly developed by German Air Navigation Service Provider DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung (DFS), the Bundeswehr Technical Center for Aircraft and Aeronautical Equipment (WTD61), and an engineering partner Interdisciplinary Engineering Consultants Madritsch (IECM). Mode N is a terrestrial system based on secondary surveillance radar signal formats that provides an Alternative Positioning, Navigation and Timing (A-PNT) capability to backup global navigation satellite systems. Mode N will deliver maximum spectrum efficiency combined with backward compatibility with legacy systems. It provides an easy transition from navigation based on Distance Measurement Equipment (DME) to navigation based on Mode N. Since the legacy DME functionality can be retained it allows a simple exchange of avionics, without being time-bound. Thus, Mode N has the potential to complement and future replacement of the currently used DME. This paper provides a description of the motivations to develop Mode N, the system concept and expected benefits. It further addresses the involvement of international partners for a joint way forward.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125572428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of Satellite Navigation to U.S. Airports Using Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS)","authors":"S.U.Siddi qui, J. Rakas","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124318","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to evaluate benefits of the ground-based augmentation system (GBAS) at large U.S. airports that also use the traditional instrument landing system (ILS). Landing operations are analyzed at GBAS-equipped and non-GBAS-equipped airports and airlines to determine if there is any significant difference in their performance. After comparing performance of airports (GBAS- and non-GBAS-equipped) and airlines (one GBAS- and non-GBAS-equipped), we draw a comparison matrix for the following flight performance metrics: block delay, Expect Departure Clearance Times (EDCT) arrival delay, and gate arrival delay. The analysis results reveal that arrival delays are lower at GBAS-airports, while GBAS equipage onboard aircraft does not show any significance. This might imply that airports benefit more from GBAS than airlines. Considering the fact that airports and private entities are responsible for major expenses of GBAS airport equipment, these study findings can be used in cost-benefit analyses when considering GBAS purchasing. Since an ILS system consists of many components located around a runway, this study also evaluates the reliability and availability of ILS systems across Tier 1 U.S. airports; and it compares their performance at GBAS- and non-GBAS-equipped airports using the following metrics: mean time between outages (MTBO), and outage downtime. The analysis results reveal the following: (1) at GBAS-equipped airports, ILS components have longer MTBO when compared to non-GBAS airports, implying that these components fail less frequently; and (2) glide slope (GS) and runway visual range (RVR) outage downtimes at GBAS airports are shorter than at non-GBAS airports, while Localizer (LOC) downtimes at GBAS airports are longer. Since LOCs are mandatory for precision and non-precision approaches, the fact that LOC downtimes are longer at GBAS airports than at non-GBAS airports might imply that because GBAS airports can utilize CAT I precision approaches without using LOCs, LOC failures don’t have to be repaired as quickly as at non-GBAS airports.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131396837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trust Framework for Data Sharing between Industry and Government","authors":"M. Metcalfe, J. Nager, Commander Steven Hacker","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124290","url":null,"abstract":"The aviation sector is experiencing an exciting, perhaps unprecedented period of innovation and continued unprecedented levels of passenger and cargo travel. Emerging concepts such as Advanced Air Mobility (AAM), Data Centric National Airspace System (NAS), and Uncrewed Aircraft System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) have the potential to revolutionize our air transportation system and deliver substantial safety and economic benefits. Emerging concepts further democratize our aviation system, expand the aviation stakeholder community and evolve the roles of industry, government and academia. Emerging concepts require industry and regulators to work together to develop standards and policies, reimagine industry roles in aviation data services and traffic management and envisage seamless information exchange – industry-to-industry and industry-to-government. Success depends on new levels of collaboration, partnership and trust between traditional and new entrant aviation communities. While research rightly focuses on technologies and policies, it is important to understand how to build trust critical to the broader and deeper partnerships upon which new concepts depend. This paper applies lessons from other industries to inform how trust frameworks should be applied to achieve greater industry-to-industry and industry-to-government partnerships which are central to future concepts of successful information exchange, standards development and federated UTM.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130112019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UAS Air-Risk Assessment In and Around Airports","authors":"Prasad Pothana, Joshua Joy, P. Snyder, Sreejith Vidhyadharan","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124319","url":null,"abstract":"The operation of Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UAS) at airports is becoming more common. The increased use of small and inexpensive drones pose various challenges associated with integrating UAS operations in the national airspace system. For non-military applications, Uncrewed Aircraft (UA)s are allowed to fly below 400ft which helps to segregate UAS operations from crewed aircraft. This however does not negate the challenges and additional risk in low altitude scenarios such as in and around airports when UASs are used for commercial and security applications. Flying the UASs in such controlled airspace needs permission from authorities such as Air Traffic Control (ATC) and other controlling agencies. For such scenarios where UAS operations need to be integrated along with controlled airspace, it is important to understand and estimate the associated risk. An unintentional malfunction resulting in uncontrolled UASs poses multiple risks, particularly when operated in a busy airport environment. This includes infrastructure, ground, and air risk. When left unmitigated, such scenarios will lead to the disruption of regular operations and cause loss to the economy and sometimes human life. The paper focuses on developing an assessment tool for UAS collision risk with crewed aircraft in an airport scenario. The study focuses on the UAS risk associated with crewed aircraft flying below 1000 ft altitude within a 5 mile radius of an airport. High volume airport operations combined with low-altitude flights results in an increased risk of collision within an airport environment. The trajectory of aircraft in three-dimensional space is determined using actual historical Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data. Simulations are conducted to model various fail-safe scenarios of UASs. A probabilistic approach is used to model UA paths that assign Gaussian distributions to the mean values of the UAS’s velocity, heading, and altitude. The framework developed can be further expanded to include specific waypoints or routes other than ADS-B data. The study aims to calculate the probabilities of Mid-Air Collisions (MAC), Near Mid-Air Collisions (NMAC), and Well Clear (WC) violations entering these protected volumes between uncrewed and crewed aircraft. Initially, the study modeled the Grand Forks International Airport, which has a high volume of airport operations. Historical ADS-B data is analyzed statistically to identify the highest volume of traffic for a given day. Flight trajectories from that time interval are then extracted for analysis. The UAS-flight risk assessments are carried out for various scenarios that include the velocity of the aircraft, traffic volume, and the probability distributions of the UAS’s trajectory.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132770681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LDACS Flight Trials: Demonstration of ATS-B2, IPS, and Seamless Mobility","authors":"T. Gräupl, D. Mielke, Miguel A. Bellido-Manganell, L. Jansen, Nils Mäurer, Ayten Gürbüz, Alexandra Filip-Dhaubhadel, L. Schalk, Dennis Becker, Michal Skorepa, Fryderyk Wrobel, K. Morioka, S. Kurz, Josef Meser","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124329","url":null,"abstract":"The current VHF communications infrastructure for air traffic management is struggling to keep up with growing traffic volume. To address this issue, a new digital aeronautical data link called L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications system (LDACS) has been introduced. To be considered for implementation the maturity of LDACS has to be advanced. To achieve the required technology readiness level of TRL6, SESAR project PJ33 developed a technological validation platform to conduct flight trials and verify the LDACS data link in a realistic setting. The objective of this paper is to present the technological validation platform used in the SESAR flight trials and to discuss the results obtained. The flight trials successfully demonstrated the ability to establish IPv6-based end-to-end connectivity over LDACS, seamless handovers between ground stations, and secure IPS communication with ATS-B2 applications. These results will be used to finalize the LDACS standardization in ICAO, EUROCAE WG-82, and preparing for LDACS standardization in AEEC.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132796802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey of Physical Layer-Aided UAV Security","authors":"Raju Dhakal, Laxima Niure Kandel","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124288","url":null,"abstract":"Low-cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and their swarms are increasingly being used and have become an integral part of various industries and aspects of daily life. They are being used in industries such as agriculture, delivery services, construction and to achieve critical tasks such as disaster relief, search and rescue operations, etc. As Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) become increasingly pervasive and essential, they are becoming both a target for attack and the very weapon on which such attacks are carried out. For example, UAVs can be hacked and used to perform cyber attacks on targets such as power grids, and communication and military networks. To protect UAVs against cyber-attacks, different techniques both traditional (cryptography-based) and non-traditional (sound-based, video-based, physical layer (PHY) based) have been proposed in the literature. Traditional crypto-based authentication solutions usually involve high computational overhead and require the challenging task of managing secret keys. Recently introduced PHY-based solutions that exploit the inherent randomness of the wireless channels and non-ideal hardware characteristics have witnessed an increased interest from the research community resulting in many publications. Nevertheless, we noticed a lack of an up-to-date survey that keeps track of all the recent research developments in this new area of security research. Thus, the goal of this paper is to bridge the gap in the literature by providing a timely and comprehensive discussion on different techniques and methods proposed in the literature, summarizing their working principles, and highlighting the various strengths and weaknesses. We also discuss different challenges that physical layer security faces and potential future opportunities.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117279217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolution of Potential Conflicts caused by Contingency Events in an AAM Traffic Network","authors":"Arinc Tutku Altun, Barış Başpınar, Yan Xu, G. Inalhan, Michael W. Hardt","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124251","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an approach for pre-flight replanning process to be used in the future Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) system especially after contingency situations and relevant activities take place. The methodology for pre-flight replanning phase is analyzed and modeled in two steps as optimization based potential conflict resolution and demand capacity balancing, which respectively provides safety for the surrounding traffic and efficiency for the traffic network in case of a contingency. These two models can work iteratively to achieve pre-flight replanning for the Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM). The developed pre-flight replanning model can also be used at strategic planning phase. For the use cases, a very large UTM traffic network is considered to have a highly dense traffic environment since the expected complexity is high with the AAM system and to show the efficiency and scalability of the models. Two use cases are examined. First one is about initial flight planning where the conflicted flight plans are safely separated and balance in demand and capacity at vertiports is provided. Second scenario is related to potential conflict resolution for the flights at pre-tactical phase after contingency events observed within the network and demand-capacity balancing after safety related events are resolved. The main objective of this work is to develop a pre-flight replanning service to work compatible with contingency management activities to build the introduced system-wide contingency management concept for the AAM system.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129633880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}