2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)最新文献

{"title":"International LDACS Security Validation Activities -A Cooperation Effort between DLR and ENRI","authors":"Nils Mäurer, Thomas Ewert, L. Jansen, T. Gräupl, K. Morioka, C. Schmitt","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124307","url":null,"abstract":"The L-Band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS) is a possible successor of the VHF Datalink mode 2 (VDLm2) for continental aeronautical communications. It is a cellular broadband digital data link system, foreseen for regularity-of-flight and safety-communications. As of 2023, LDACS has successfully been flight trialled numerous times, the final Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS) have been endorsed by ICAO and LDACS has been introduced to the Internet community in the form of an informational Request For Comments (RFC). LDACS will support IPv6 based digital voice, Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN)/Internet Protocol Suite (IPS) traffic and enable multiple new applications such as 4D trajectories, secure Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS), Alternative Positioning Navigation and Timing (APNT) and secondary surveillance capabilities.Any newly developed critical infrastructures system must provide strong cybersecurity. This is especially true for system handling safety-critical data from a range of applications. As such, a dedicated cybersecurity architecture for LDACS has been developed and is part of the LDACS standard. In cooperation with the Electronic Navigation Research Institute (ENRI), the German Aerospace Center (DLR) demonstrated and evaluated the main features of the cybersecurity architecture: the Mutual Authentication and Key Establishment (MAKE) protocol and user-data protection. The objective of this paper is to provide a detailed insight into the security measures and present the LDACS security validation results based on real radio hardware.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129459072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BUBBLES Separation Management Environment: architecture and validation of a separation management tool for UTM","authors":"Cecilia Claramunt Puchol, Joaquín Vico Navarro, C. A. Chuquitarco-Jiménez, Juan Vicente Balbastre Tejedor, Pedro Yuste Pérez","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124311","url":null,"abstract":"With the growth of unmanned aviation, there has been an increased interest, or rather need, to define a framework or ecosystem that enables safe and efficient access to airspace for a large number of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), what is known as UAS Traffic Management (UTM). The development of UTM identifies services, roles, and responsibilities, as well as information exchanges between stakeholders. Among the challenges identified by the UTM, conflict management and separation provision stand out. In this context, BUBBLES, an Exploratory Research (ER) project funded by SESAR Joint Undertaking (SJU), defines a new concept of operations (ConOps) for the separation management service, a UTM service dealing with conflict management in tactical phase. The present paper outlines this ConOps, defines the architecture of a UTM tool developed to validate the BUBBLES concept, named Separation Management Environment (SME), and presents the validation exercise performed by means of test flights.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127403940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Trajectory Conflict Prediction Using AI/ML For V&V Test Case Generation","authors":"Wyatt Mingus, L. Sherry, J. Shortle","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124252","url":null,"abstract":"System Verification and Validation Testing (V&V) for time-dependent systems requires the generation of test cases. Each test case is defined by a set of initial conditions and an expected outcome at the end of the specified time period. Traditional methods for generating V&V test-cases run simulations of the system to generate outcomes for each combination of initial conditions. Due to the combinatorics of even a small set of initial conditions, covering the complete combinatorics can be time and/or cost prohibitive.This paper evaluates the feasibility of using Deep Learning Neural Networks (DLNN) to generate additional test cases that were not generated by the simulations due to time limitation. A DLNN trained to on the subset of test-cases from the simulation, learns the underlying behavior of the system, and is used to generated additional test cases. A case study for using DLNN to predict test-cases for trajectory conflicts demonstrates the feasibility of this approach for time-dependent systems that exhibit bounded, deterministic behavior. The implications of these results, the limitations, and future work are discussed.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130122354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking Performance Analysis of Ground-Based Radar Networks for Urban Air Mobility","authors":"Rosario Aievola, F. Causa, G. Fasano, L. Manica, Giacomo Gentile, Micheal Dubois","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124316","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the capability of a ground-based radar network deployed in urban environment for providing accurate surveillance information to support traffic deconfliction and detect and avoid operations. It proposes a simulation environment modelling a network of radars impacted by different weather condition and urban clutter. The capability of the radar network in providing precise aircraft tracks is evaluated by simulation considering flight test scenarios properly adapted from DO-381.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"1 1-2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114132492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Software Framework for Synthetic Aeronautical Data Traffic Generation in Support of LDACS Evaluation Activities","authors":"L. Jansen, T. Gräupl, Nils Mäurer, K. Morioka, C. Schmitt","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124317","url":null,"abstract":"To accommodate the increasing number of aircraft and the growing demand for a secure data connection in the air, the LDACS A/G has been developed and is on the verge of being standardized. To assist with the standardization process, a flight demonstration was conducted to demonstrate the protocol’s ability to operate successfully in a real-world setting. For this, radio prototypes that implement the LDACS A/G protocol were installed on the ground and aboard an aircraft. To thoroughly test these prototypes, tailored realistic flight data had to be sent, received, and analyzed.In this paper, we present the Finfrastructure software framework, that we use to assess the performance of different radio prototypes. We discuss our considerations for measuring the performance of different radio prototypes. By using a simple IPv6-based interface for each prototype, the framework supports various environments, such as lab tests, simulations, and flight campaigns. We measure, among others, latency, throughput, and link stability. Our results show the different performances of the data link protocol implementations which makes them comparable based on the same metrics. The results obtained from the comparison of different LDACS implementations can be utilized in the standardization process, as they demonstrate that LDACS can meet the requirements of a modern digital data link for aviation.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124093260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RODAD: Resilience Oriented Decentralized Anomaly Detection for Urban Air Mobility Networks","authors":"Sixiao Wei, Hui Huang, Genshe Chen, Erik Blasch, Yu Chen, Ronghua Xu, K. Pham","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124294","url":null,"abstract":"Urban air mobility (UAM) helps ease traffic congestion and offers cleaner, faster, and safer transportation, especially for densely populated areas. Recent events have shown that modern unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are vulnerable to attacks through buggy or malicious devices, which raise concerns regarding performance, security, and privacy on UAM networks. Existing Air Traffic Service (ATS) providers mainly rely on a centralized system (e.g., Information Display System) for data aggregation, sharing, and security policy enforcement; and it incurs critical issues related to a bottleneck of data analysis, provenance, and consistency in terms of less efficiency with large computational resources, and high false positive with low flexibility. In this paper, we develop a Resilience Oriented Decentralized Anomaly Detection (RODAD) framework to maximize UAM capability to secure data access among aircraft and ATS service providers based on microservices technologies in an edge-fog-cloud computing paradigm. Machine learning based anomaly detection (MLAD) is developed to detect anomaly behaviors (e.g., aircraft route anomaly) against both single-feature and multi-feature spoofing attacks across avionics mission data. Two GPS spoofing attack scenarios (e.g., restricted and generalized) with four attacking types (e.g., continuous, interim, biased, random) are crafted for the performance evaluation. A hardware-in-the-loop (HITL) implementation is also developed to demonstrate the effectiveness of RODAD for supporting real-time resilient analysis. Our experiments validate the performance of RODAD in detection accuracy and efficiency against spoofing attacks for UAM.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128448945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Challenges in Mission Planning Systems for UAVs: A Systematic Review","authors":"J. Huttner, Max Friedrich","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124299","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a systematic literature review of mission management user interfaces for UAVs, with the aim of providing insight into the current state of research in this area. A total of 25 relevant publications were identified, and an overview of their content is provided. The review also discusses multimodal interaction approaches presented in these papers and highlights an emerging trend towards a more user-centric design process for UAV user interfaces. The findings of this review contribute to the understanding of existing research and offer guidance for future developments in the design of mission management user interfaces for UAVs.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"33 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132393896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic and Cooperative Optimization of Entry and Exit Points for Multiple Sectors in Free Route Airspace Considering Wind Forecasts","authors":"Jue Huang, Minghua Hu, Lei Yang, Yi Zhou, Qingping Gao, Xingyu Jiang","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124312","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the continuous growth of air traffic demand, Free Route Airspace (FRA) will be promoted and applied full-time in the future. The reasonable configuration of sector entry and exit points is very important for the improvement of flight efficiency, safety, and situation awareness for air traffic controllers. This paper proposed a dynamic cooperative configuration method of entry and exit points for multiple sectors in FRA considering wind forecasts from the perspective of airspace traffic flow orderliness and flight performance based on real-time traffic demand for FRA. Firstly, an airspace wind network model is established based on the wind forecast data, and the Dijkstra algorithm is used to generate the wind optimal trajectories for flights. Then, we developed a dynamic co-configuration model of entry and exit points for multiple sectors and solved it using the NSGA-II algorithm. Finally, we take western China airspace as an example and select a typical day to conduct a dynamic cooperative configuration experiment of entry and exit points to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"46 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132897907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomous Forecast Trend Monitoring in Support of Air Traffic Management Efficacy Improvements","authors":"A. Klein","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124300","url":null,"abstract":"Our research effort seeks to design and implement an autonomous toolchain which will run in the background throughout the day of operations and monitor active or pending Traffic Management Initiatives in the National Airspace System, looking for potential opportunities to reduce their scope or duration. The toolchain is comprised of three modules: the Forecast Trend Analysis module, the cloud-based Fast-Time Simulation Engine for rapid evaluation of potential weather impact and air traffic management scenarios, and the Traffic Management Initiative Action Analysis module which generates alerts when credible weather impact reduction opportunities are identified. This paper focuses mostly on the first of these three components, the Autonomous Forecast Trend Analysis module. The system being developed translates both convective and non-convective weather forecasts into corresponding airspace and airport capacity reductions and weighs them against forecasted traffic demand and active traffic management initiatives—to assess, and potentially reduce, their operational impact.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134590131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noise Measurements of Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles: Experiences, Challenges and Recommendations for Standards taken from Flight Trials","authors":"Teemu Joonas Lieb, Julia Treichel, Andreas Volkert","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124257","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decades, drone technology has evolved to become a key element for various purposes in today’s globalized society. Besides the various technical challenges of implementing and utilizing their onboard systems as well as challenges with respect to the integration of these new airspace users into the existing airspace, one major factor for their success is their acceptance by the general public. In order to proactively address the concerns of the public with regards to the noise pollution of drones, the German Aerospace Center (DLR) together with the German Environment Agency (UBA) has undertaken flight trials to measure the noise emission levels of a variety of different types of drones. In particular, one flight test campaign was focused on measuring the sound pressure levels (i.e. pollution levels) of drones overflying static microphones, and another flight test campaign was focused on measuring the sound power levels (i.e. emission levels) of drones using a microphone hemisphere.This scientific publication focuses on three relevant elements of these flight trials and discusses the obtained experiences, mainly from a drone pilots’ perspective, and provides recommendation for future regulations and standards. First, an overview of the measured drones is given including relevant vehicle specifics such as vehicle configuration, take-off mass, and their dimensions. Second, this publication describes the various flight scenarios including specific drone maneuvers that have been performed with the airborne drones during the flight tests. These maneuvers include hovering, forward level flights as well as take-off and landing maneuvers. Third, this publication highlights the challenges encountered when following the applicable EN ISO 3744 standard, which has been used for the second flight tests campaign as a reference document for setting up the measurement equipment required to perform the acoustical measurements. As a result, this publication lists several recommendations for establishing reasonable and practical requirements for future drone noise measurements taken from the obtained experiences coming from these flight tests. For example, one key recommendation is that the standards and regulations on how to measure noise levels of drones should be as detailed as possible and take the drone pilots perspective into account. In essence, this publication aims to pave the way for enhancing the public acceptance of drones by sharing obtained lessons learned from acoustical flight tests and provides recommendation for new regulations and standard that might be used for future drone noise measurements.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114162139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}