2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)最新文献

{"title":"A Framework for Uncertainty Assessment in Event Tree Safety Models","authors":"Sara Nikdel, J. Shortle","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124292","url":null,"abstract":"The Integrated Safety Assessment Model (ISAM), developed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), models aviation accidents and incidents via event sequence diagrams (ESDs) and supporting fault trees. Given available data from incident and accident reports, certain parameters in the event tree can be quantified. Yet, because many events are rare and are quantified with a small number of observed events, there is inherent uncertainty in the point estimates for the parameters. Further, some parameters in the model are not quantified at all, which contributes to the quantification uncertainty. This paper discusses a framework and methodology for quantifying uncertainty in the event-tree probabilities. The method is designed to be flexible in case that new data become available for parameters in the tree. Any new data can easily be added to update the uncertainty distributions and parameters. Several event trees with different levels of data availability are analyzed to illustrate the method and to identify the parameters with the highest uncertainty. ESDs with a large numbers of unquantified events exhibit more events with a higher level of uncertainty. We also introduce examples to show what changes to expect when new data are added in an ESD.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122434466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Path-Based Statistical Modeling of Multipath Components in Propagation Channels for Wireless Communications in Unmanned Aviation","authors":"D. Mielke, Dennis Becker, M. Walter","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124256","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned aviation (UA), including both small drones in urban airspace, as well as larger unmanned airplanes, is one of the most popular topics in aviation these days. One of the key enablers for unmanned aviation is a secure and robust communication link between the air vehicle and the instance controlling and/or monitoring the air vehicle, e.g. a remote pilot. Naturally, parts of this communication link are wireless; here, we assume a terrestrial link between the air vehicle’s radio and the ground stations and a vehicle-to-vehicle communication link between drones.All wireless communication is subject to certain channel effects, e. g. multipath propagation, that usually degrade the radio signal during transmission. A good understanding of these channel effects is of high importance during the development of new wireless waveforms. A common approach to gain knowledge on the characteristics of a wireless channel is to perform channel measurements: The DLR performed several channel measurement campaigns involving smaller drones and a jet aircraft in the recent years. The collected data contain information on the channel characteristics during the respective scenarios. In this paper, we focus on the detection, path-based tracking, and modeling of multipath components and their evolution over time. First, we present our processing chain for the detection and tracking of multipath components and apply it to the collected measurement data. We then introduce a compact representation of the evolution of the detected multipath components over time. The statistical properties of this representation are then used to fit a kernel that is used to generate artificial multipath-components and their evolution. We finally evaluate our approach by comparing the delay spread and the K-factor of the measurement data with the corresponding properties of the data generated by our model.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128026215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using trusted responders in constrained aviation environments to reduce authentication overhead","authors":"Jonathan M. Graefe, Laurent Léonardon, Mahmoud Esmael","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124308","url":null,"abstract":"This paper suggests a new authentication model using Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) stapling with trusted responders to navigate a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) trust tree in a constrained computing environment. This paper also suggests a model of how the trusted responders could be deployed and how to establish and maintain authentication between clients' applications and the trusted responder.Aircraft oftentimes work in limited RF bandwidth environments sharing a single frequency between many aircraft. Maximizing the efficiency of transmission time is paramount to servicing all aircraft communications needs. One of the large contributors to long transmission time in an IPS network is the login process, which requires the exchanging and verification of certificate chains. OCSP can be used to verify individual certificates, however it likely requires a request per certificate to the certificate authorities. Traditional OCSP responds with the validity information of a certificate, leaving the communicating counter parties, the constrained client and server, responsible for determining if the PKI tree between them is sufficiently strong to establish trust.The OCSP trusted responder model proposed by this paper would offload the PKI tree determination to trusted ground entities. The trusted ground entities would determine the level of trust, if any, for communication between the counter parties and forward only the necessary information for cryptographic exchange to the communicating counter parties. In an OCSP trusted responder model, a pre-configured list of trusted OCSP responders resides with the constrained client. During the authentication process the constrained client submits the list of OCSP trusted responders to the counter party server. The server is required to prove validity of its own PKI certificate using one of the OCSP trusted responders supplied by the client. The OCSP trusted responder would fetch any necessary intermediate certificates, walk the Public Key Infrastructure tree, and determine the level of trust, if any, between the counter parties and forward the information to the server. Thereby removing the need to exchange full certificate chains between constrained client and server. The server will then respond to the client with its own certificate, and the validation response from the OCSP trusted responder if any. The OCSP trusted responder model is adaptable and may be used in conjunction with, or in replace of, other verification methods of models.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123461562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of a U-space Route Structure for the City of Frankfurt Connecting Airport and Trade Fair Via Fast-Time Simulation","authors":"Christian Kallies, Karolin Schweiger, R. Karásek, F. Morscheck, Douwe Lambers","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124254","url":null,"abstract":"In the course of the European project CORUS-XUAM, a very large-scale demonstration was conducted for the metropolitan area of Frankfurt, for which a newly developed U-space route structure was conceptually elaborated. The demonstration exercise focuses on the initial definition and a near-term implementation of urban U-space corridors inside controlled airspace (class D) connecting terminal 2 of the Frankfurt Airport and the Frankfurt Trade Fair via air taxi services operating as airport shuttles. With advancements in navigation performance, monitoring, surveillance, communication technology and increasing operating experience, U-space corridors can transition to free flight trajectories. Local constraints such as approaching fixed-wing traffic, flights operating under visual flight rules (VFR) including helicopter emergency medical services, heliport operations, and a VFR holding pattern were taken into account in order to elaborate the course of the U-space corridors. Of special interest is the harmonization of airspace users inside and outside of U-space while ensuring safe and efficient conflict detection and resolution. A set of fast-time simulations have been conducted to evaluate the developed U-space route structure and its operating concept based on historic air traffic data for the metropolitan area of Frankfurt. Following the hypotheses that every 120 seconds an air taxi departure can be performed without causing a negative impact on airport operations, we evaluate the metrics U-space corridor usage, occupancy, throughput, number of resolved conflicts and occurring/imposed delay. In addition, we elaborate where conflicts occur and whether another air taxi or the background traffic caused them. Furthermore, we show how they can be resolved, i.e., how often and to what extend delaying and/or re-routing is applied throughout different scenarios. Using the selected separation values, it is possible to have air taxis departing every 90 s at both vertiports. This certainly changes when different separation thresholds are used. Additionally, we showed that all conflicts can be solved by applying a small ground delay or by simply choosing a different U-space corridor.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116722660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Weather Capability for the Urban Air Mobility Airspace Research Roadmap","authors":"T. Bonin, James Jones, Gabriele Enea, I. Levitt, N. Phojanamongkolkij","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124295","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, the transportation system’s resiliency to the impacts of weather is an area where neglected or incorrect assumptions can lead to difficulties later in the research and development lifecycle. To mitigate this, NASA has ongoing efforts to develop a set of research roadmaps for organizing, integrating, and communicating research into new aviation infrastructure and transportation modalities, within which weather is being addressed early on. An effort has been undertaken to add weather assumptions and requirements to an already-existing roadmap for the Urban Air Mobility (UAM) airspace, seeking to integrate weather requirements early in the system design. This effort addresses the way in which state-of-the art and evolving weather science and technology can enable safe and efficient travel with increasing tempo of UAM operations over time. This paper describes the addition of weather as one of 10 capabilities into the UAM Airspace research roadmap, laying out the anticipated weather technology and information requirements needed to facilitate operations at various UAM Maturity Levels. The process developed and exercised by MIT Lincoln Laboratory researchers produced 41 unique requirements to be satisfied by a Weather capability for the UAM ecosystem, with more than 300 dependencies identified across the system. These requirements cover measurement, analysis, modeling, forecasting, decision support, dissemination, and overarching policy, and are provided with an overview of weather challenges for UAM. The requirements were mainly defined based on subject matter expert review of existing UAM Airspace system requirements, and refined based on iterative feedback with various stakeholders including regulators, academia, and industry. Going forward, this roadmap will help researchers and developers align to a common vision in ensuring that weather is appropriately considered in the UAM ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126286645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air Traffic Control System Cyber Security Using Humans and Machine Learning","authors":"Garett Atkins, K. Sampigethaya","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124305","url":null,"abstract":"Aviation performance depends on education and training of pilots and air traffic controllers (ATCOs) on technical, procedural, crisis management, decision making, leadership and communication skills. Recent incidents and studies, however, show crew members may be caught unaware and errors in human judgement can still occur in air traffic control (ATC) systems even more so in the presence of cyberattacks. This paper focuses on raising situation awareness and decision making of ATCOs with cyberattacks impacting operations in next-generation ATC systems. Our goal is to investigate crew-based cyber security as a layer in making ATC systems resilient to cyber and cyber-physical attacks. Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) technology is used as the basis of our preliminary investigation due to its widely known security concerns and central role in ATC systems. We present experimental study considerations for assessing cyber readiness and improving training of ATCOs. We propose a Kalman filter based cyber alarm solution approach for a machine learning based aid for ATCOs towards early cyberattack detection and incident response in ATC systems.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129603291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Navigation of UAVs in Indoor Corridor Environments using Deep Learning","authors":"Mohamed Sanim Akremi, Najett Neji, Hedi Tabia","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124261","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as a promising platform for various applications, including inspection, surveillance, delivery, and mapping. However, one of the significant challenges in enabling UAVs to perform these tasks is the ability to navigate in indoor environments. Visual navigation, which uses visual information from cameras and other sensors to localize and navigate the UAV, has received considerable attention in recent years. In this paper, we propose a new approach for visual navigation of UAVs in indoor corridor environments using a monocular camera. The approach relies on a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) called Res-Dense-Net, which is based on the ResNet and DenseNet networks. Res-Dense-Net analyzes the images captured by the UAV’s camera and predicts the position and orientation of the UAV relative to the environment. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, experiments were conducted on the NitrUAVCorridorV1 dataset. The proposed approach achieves high accuracy in estimating the position and orientation of the UAV, even in challenging environments with limited visual cues and provides high real-time performance based on visual data from a monocular camera, which can significantly enhance the capabilities of UAVs for various applications.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121696691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coarse Grained FLS-based Processor with Prognostic Malfunction Feature for UAM Drones using FPGA","authors":"Hossam O. Ahmed","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124332","url":null,"abstract":"Many overall safety factors need to be considered in the next generation of Urban Air Mobility (UAM) systems and addressing these can become the anchor point for such technology to reach consent for worldwide application. On the other hand, fulfilling the safety requirements from an exponential increase of prolific UAM systems, is extremely complicated, and requires careful consideration of a variety of issues. One of the key goals of these Unmanned Air Systems (UAS) is the requirement to support the launch and control of hundreds of thousands of these advanced drones in the air simultaneously. Given the impracticalities of training the corresponding number of expert pilots, achieving this goal can only be realized through safe operation in either full-autonomous or semi-autonomous modes. According to many recent studies, the majority of flight accidents are concentrated on the last three stages of a flight trip, which include the Initial Approach, Final Approach, and Landing Phases of an airplane trip. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel decentralized processing system for enhancing the safety factors during the critical phases of Vertical and/or Short Take-Off and Landing (V/STOL) drones. This has been achieved by adopting several processing and control algorithms such as an Open Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) integrated with a Flight Rules Unit (FRU), FIR filters, and a novel Prognostic Malfunction processing unit. After applying several optimization techniques, this novel coarse-grained Autonomous Landing Guidance Assistance System (ALGAS3) processing architecture has been optimized to achieve a maximum computational processing performance of 70.82 Giga Operations per Second (GOPS). Also, the proposed ALGAS3 system shows an ultra-low dynamic thermal power dissipation (I/O and core) of 145.4 mW which is ideal for mobile avionic systems using INTEL 5CGXFC9D6F27C7 FPGA chip.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116017193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}