2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)最新文献

{"title":"Privacy-Preserving Implementation of an Auction Mechanism for ATFM Slot Swapping","authors":"Paul Feichtenschlager, Kevin Schuetz, Samuel Jaburek, C. Schuetz, E. Gringinger","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124262","url":null,"abstract":"Air traffic flow management (ATFM) regulations issued by the EUROCONTROL Network Manager (NM) during periods of reduced capacity in the European air traffic network typically result in flight delays and additional costs for airspace users (AUs). However, not all flights are equally impacted by these regulations, and AUs would like to prioritize flights based on their preferences while protecting the confidentiality of such information. Thus, in the SlotMachine project, we proposed a privacy-preserving marketplace for collaborative optimization of flight lists during ATFM regulations An auction mechanism incentivizes AUs to participate in the SlotMachine’s optimization runs. The proposed implementation of the auction mechanism in a privacy-preserving manner employs a genetic algorithm in combination with multi-party computation (MPC), since a privacy-preserving implementation of a deterministic algorithm would not finish within the time constraints. Experiments using realistic synthetic datasets based on real-world samples demonstrate feasibility of the proposed implementation.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133400638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual Analysis of Allocation Strategies for Air Traffic Control Concepts without Conventional Sector Boundaries","authors":"Tobias Finck, Carmo Kluenker, M. Weber","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124289","url":null,"abstract":"Allocation strategies are an essential part of implementing new air traffic management (ATM) concepts where sector boundaries change dynamically or are eliminated altogether, as in the case of Flight Centric Air Traffic Control (FCA). In the latter, the conventional allocation of aircraft to controllers based on fixed geographically defined sector boundaries no longer exists. Allocation strategies are used to re-establish the allocation with the aim to reduce the workload (WL) for each individual controller while at the same time achieving an even workload distribution among all controllers. The allocation can be done by a human allocator or an allocation system. A combination of both is also a possible option. The allocation of aircraft to controllers follows set rules, which can be static, dynamic or a combination of both. At the German Aerospace Center (DLR), first human-in-the-loop (HITL) simulations on a small FCA airspace were conducted to validate the applicability of initial allocation concepts. This paper presents various allocation approaches and discusses human-in-the-loop simulations performed for a dynamic, automatic allocation and a static, automatic allocation.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114692515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Impact of UAS Contingencies on ATC Operations in Shared Airspace","authors":"J. Teutsch, Conrad Petersen, G. Schwoch, Teemu Joonas Lieb, Tanja Bos, R. Zon","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124297","url":null,"abstract":"In the near future, it is expected that an increasing number of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) will operate at very low-level altitudes of up to 500 ft in urban and suburban areas. It is expected that these new airspace users will extend their operations and share available airspace with manned traffic. Dynamic Airspace Re-configuration (DAR) has been considered as one of the enablers for the integration of unmanned and manned traffic in such non-segregated airspace.The Royal Netherlands Aerospace Centre, NLR, together with their partners from the German Aerospace Centre, DLR, carried out simulations for the SESAR Industrial Research Project AURA that investigates requirements for an interface between Air Traffic Management (ATM) controlled airspace and highly automated U-space airspace for large numbers of unmanned aircraft. To this end, AURA defined the so-called AUSA, ATM U-space Shared Airspace, which is a generic type of airspace that can be delegated to contain both Air Traffic Control (ATC) and U-space controlled airspace volumes. The simulations carried out by NLR and DLR investigated U-space contingencies that could have an impact on those parts of the shared airspace controlled by ATC. This included specific UAS missions and related emergency and other contingency situations inside U-space that would require an extension into ATC controlled airspace. The simulations introduced the role of a manager for DAR processes. The DAR Manager received contingency requests from U-space and negotiated them with ATC.Results have shown that the introduced DAR Manager role and the designed working position supported and improved ATC operations. Negotiations between the DAR Manager and air traffic controllers, however, will only be possible if there is enough lead time - in the range of several minutes - to prepare for airspace changes. Emergency requests that require immediate action should be communicated to the affected controllers immediately by the system.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121408608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACPS: Design of an Integrated Architecture for Airborne System and Cyber-Physical System","authors":"Zhijun Wu, Ruochen Dong","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124298","url":null,"abstract":"At present, the airborne system has realized the ability of autonomous flight to a certain extent by relying on relevant communication, navigation, surveillance and automation technologies, but it still cannot meet the ultimate vision of \"free flight\". As the next generation of intelligent system, the cyber-physical system can be closely integrated with the airborne system to further improve the real-time perception and autonomous flight capability of the aircraft, providing a strong impetus for the implementation of the performance-based \"third-generation air traffic management\". The airborne cyber-physical system uses advanced sensing, communication and control technologies to realize the closed-loop flow of airborne communication, navigation and surveillance data, complete the dynamic optimization of resources, and ensure the safe, reliable and efficient autonomous operation of the aircraft. At present, the relevant research and application of cyber-physical system are mainly concentrated in smart grid, and the research results of cyber-physical system in aviation field are few and unsystematic. This paper attempts to integrate the cyber-physical system with the airborne system for the first time. The components of airborne cyber-physical system are studied in detail, the networked airborne cyber-physical system model is designed, and the corresponding security analysis is carried out. In addition, from the perspective of combining with emerging technologies such as distributed computing, the new application prospect of airborne cyber-physical system is outlined. Finally, the challenges that the airborne cyber-physical system may face in the design and development stage are discussed. It is hoped that this paper will bring some inspiration to the relevant research of academia and aviation industry, and provide a useful reference for the research and design of the next generation network-centric and intelligent airborne system.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"10 26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125759357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Surveillance Flight Track Data and Terrestrial Sky Imaging to Record Airspace Contrail Statistics: the Washington D.C. Airspace","authors":"Brian Romero Lopez, L. Sherry","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124321","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations International Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) attributes 2% of the Earth’s total anthropogenic climate change to Aircraft Induced Clouds (also known as Contrails). Contrails, produced when water vapor and soot, emitted by jet form cirrus-like clouds, reflect back to Earth outgoing \"thermal\" radiation that would otherwise leave the atmosphere for space, thus resulting in global heating. Researchers have proposed mitigations including navigational avoidance that requires flights to avoid the airspaces in which the atmospheric conditions are conducive to the formation of contrails. The current accuracy of the forecasts for the relative humidity of the atmosphere are considered insufficient to meet the accuracy requirements to perform navigational avoidance.This paper describes the first of several incremental steps to improve the forecast of atmospheric conditions for the purpose of contrail prediction and contrail avoidance. This paper describes the results of the analysis of terrestrial sky images for six months for the airspace over the Washington D.C. region. An average of 594 flights per day transited the airspace above FL320. Twenty-nine percent (34%) of the days had at least one hour with (natural) cirrus clouds, and 13% of the total daylight hours had (natural) cirrus clouds. One in every 67 flights in the airspace above FL 320 generated a long-lived contrail. This confirms that only a small number of flights would need a cruise flight level adjustment to avoid generating a contrail. The implications of these results, limitations of the study, and future work are discussed.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129632204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Predictive Control Framework for UAS Trajectory Planning Considering 4G/5G Communication Link Quality","authors":"R. Zuo, Zixi Wang, Carlos E. Caicedo Bastidas, M. Cenk Gursoy, A. Solomon, Qinru Qiu","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124315","url":null,"abstract":"A reliable command and control (C2) data link is required for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) operations in order to monitor the status and support the control of UAS. A practical realization of the C2 communication and mission data links for commercial UAS operations is via LTE/5G networks. While the trajectory of each UAS directly determines the flight distance and mission cost in terms of energy dissipation, it also has a strong correlation to the quality of the communication link provided by a serving base station, where quality is defined as the achieved signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) required to maintain the control link of the UAS. Due to signal interference and the use of RF spectrum resources, the trajectory of a UAS not only determines the communication link quality it will encounter, but also influences the link quality of other UAS in its vicinity. Therefore, effective UAS traffic management must plan the trajectory for a group of UAS taking into account the impact to the interference levels of other base stations and UAS communication links. In this paper, an SINR Aware Predictive Planning (SAPP) framework is presented for trajectory planning of UAS leveraging 4G/5G communication networks in a simulated environment. The goal is to minimize flight distance while ensuring a minimum required link quality for C2 communications between UAS and base stations. The predictive control approach is proposed to address the challenges of the time varying SINR caused by the interference from other UAS’s communication. Experimental results show that the SAPP framework provides more than 3dB improvements on average for UAS communication parameters compared to traditional trajectory planning algorithms while still achieving shortest path trajectories and collision avoidance.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124993275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences between URClearED Remain Well Clear and DO-365","authors":"E. Theunissen, G. Corraro, F. Corraro, U. Ciniglio, E. Filippone, N. Peinecke","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124330","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017, RTCA published the first release of the Minimum Operational Performance Standards for UAS Detect and Avoid systems, DO-365. In 2019, EUROCAE published the Operational Services and Environment Definition for Detect and Avoid in airspace classes D-G in Europe, and in 2020 RTCA published the first update to DO-365. In 2021 the URClearED project was started to develop the requirements and capabilities for the Remain Well Clear function to be integrated in RPAS flying under instrument flight rules in airspace classes D-G. This paper discusses differences between the URClearED and DO-365A Remain Well Clear quantification and associated alerting and guidance function requirements. Fast-Time and Real-Time Simulation campaigns have been carried out to motivate and assess the introduced differences.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121917520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the effect of uncompensated latencies on trajectory reconstruction for surveillance performance monitoring","authors":"Carlos A. Chuquitarco Jiménez, Joaquín Vico Navarro, Cecilia Claramunt Puchol, J. Balbastre","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124264","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present the outcomes of the validation of a new error model for ADS-B data that could be used to improve the Opportunity traffic reconstructor (OTR) module of the EUROCONTROL SASS-C suite. The new error model simplifies former models considering just a time bias due to uncompensated latencies, thus neglecting space bias terms representing the drift caused by inertial navigation systems. Moreover, the error model computes the ADS-B error covariance matrix from the reported positions, leading to a more accurate estimation of the measurement noise. Several numerical experiments have been conducted using a test bench implemented in Matlab® to showcase the potential improvement provided by the proposed new error model.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"308 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124387622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agile or V-Model – Can Modern it Frameworks and Tools Deliver Software Assurance for ATM-Grade Applications","authors":"Jasmina Surlan, Dietmar Mittermair, Stefan Galler","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124255","url":null,"abstract":"Modern software systems are being built using interconnected commercial frameworks, integration platforms (e.g. Docker, Spring, Spark, Hadoop, Kubernetes) and enterprise resources (Cloud SaaS/PaaS, software defined networks, edge computing). At the same time, new aerospace and air traffic management (ATM) capabilities like Advanced Air Mobility (AAM), and Remote Towers are becoming commonplace and are merging with traditional ATM. Also, the rise of commercial space brings fresh user communities vying to enter the market faster.This creates tension for ATM regulators and service providers such as the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in the United States, ANSPs abroad as well as future service providers in the emerging AAM domain to certify that their systems are safe to operate and will not create safety or security issues for their existing and emerging airspace users. ATM safety standards and guidelines are well defined and spelled out for instance in the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) certification specification CS25 as well as the United States RTCA DO-278A. Security standards are laid out by NIST as well as ISO tailored to the ATM domain. Adherence to these standards is paramount for any new software applications. Developers are pushed to find ways to provide these software assurances in the light of modern agile software development methods. Incremental and iterative approaches have become the standard in commercial software development, while the safety-based approach in ATM agencies still prefers the classic V-modelThis paper addresses the challenges software developers face when delivering modern ATM-grade applications faster, while ensuring the safety and security of the ATC system.We analyze the different agile frameworks in modern software development such as Scrum, SAFe, LESS among others and how to align them with the aforementioned software assurance standards. A best practices example provides insights how this is being achieved in the ATM tower domain.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116046187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flight Testing Drone Contingencies during Runway Inspection in U-space Shared Airspace","authors":"G. Schwoch, Teemu Joonas Lieb, H. Lenz","doi":"10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS58246.2023.10124322","url":null,"abstract":"To enlarge the application of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and the future service-driven U-space for automated and autonomous air traffic, the SESAR PJ34-W3 AURA project investigates the concept of a shared airspace between U-space and controlled airspace. Part of this concept is a dynamically reconfigurable airspace based on the demands of both traditional aviation and UAS, especially in areas of high demand or at the boundaries of these airspaces.This paper discusses the flight testing of a dynamic airspace reconfiguration in an airport environment during a runway inspection operation using a camera-equipped drone. To this aim, a drone mission along the runway has been planned and conducted at the Magdeburg-Cochstedt Airport, now serving as National Experimental Test Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems operated by the German Aerospace Center (DLR).The described flight testing was part of a joint exercise of DLR and The Royal Netherlands Aerospace Centre (NLR), in which the impact of UAS emergencies on air traffic controllers has been under investigation. To that aim, air traffic controllers in The Netherlands were managing simulated inbound and outbound traffic at Rotterdam The Hague airport. A portion of the airspace along the runway has been assigned to a virtual U-space environment to enable a simulated runway inspection. As the baseline scenario, a drone flight along the planned part of the runway and back to the launch area has been conducted. In a second flight, an emergency landing of the drone on the runway due to a malfunction has been performed to investigate the impact of such a contingency on air traffic controllers. This contingency resulted in a temporal extension of the U-space portion of the airspace, and required suitable actions from the air traffic controllers, such as diversion or holding of arriving and departing manned air traffic.The paper describes the use case for the drone mission, and the preparations at the exercise site due to described differences and restrictions. The particularities of the communication between exercise participants is under investigation, such as transfer of the required data to be displayed in the simulation environment, and the necessities to organize, conduct and harmonize the activities at remote locations, i.e. Germany and The Netherlands. Further, the coordinate transformation and the matching of the airport environments is described. The exercise conduction and impressions from the respective working positions are presented. The paper concludes with highlighting the benefits of such a flight trial in this context, and provides initial solutions for challenges that have been encountered during the trials.","PeriodicalId":103699,"journal":{"name":"2023 Integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114700831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}