RSC Advances最新文献

{"title":"2-Aminooxazoles and 2-aminothiazoles: green regioselective synthesis and bioactivity.","authors":"Pankaj Popatrao Yenare, Rohini Dattatraya Patare, Kailas Khandu Sanap","doi":"10.1039/d6ra07868k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra07868k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>2-Aminooxazole and 2-aminothiazole are heterocyclic compounds that can be developed to be therapeutically significant in medicinal chemistry as they are associated with a myriad of biologically important multicentric activities such as anticancer, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and enzyme inhibition. Chemically, they have been reported to target critical enzymes such as CDKs, aurora kinases, DHPS, and proteases. However, traditional routes to construct heterocyclic compounds are fraught with difficulties, such as poor regioselective control, producing C-4/C-5 regioisomeric mixtures, poor atom economy, laborious purifications, and a substantial waste of solvents. Recently developed green synthetic approaches, such as microwave-assisted synthesis, ultrasound activation, multicomponent reactions, nanocatalysis, and newer techniques that employ syntheses in aqueous media and in a solvent-free manner, have attempted to address these issues. These methods provide better regioselectivity, better reaction efficiencies, and better yields. In the context of synthetic medicinal chemistry, the green approaches enhance the safety and convenience of laboratory operations by decreasing the need for hazardous solvents. However, the absence of the <i>E</i>-factor, PMI, and atom economy, as well as the substrate-dependent regioselective variability in these methodologies, has restricted the comparison of these methodologies as a whole, and their application in the pharmaceutical industry on a large scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13679714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A label-free fluorescent sensor for miR-21 based on sequentially coupled CHA-HCR dual-stage amplification and synergistic signal regulation by graphene oxide and SYBR Green I.","authors":"Can Qiao, Zhenliang Zhang, Yidan Sang, Mengyang Hu, Yafei Dong, Luhui Wang","doi":"10.1039/d6ra08323d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra08323d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, and their sensitive and accurate detection is important for early cancer diagnosis. However, achieving sensitive miRNA detection and logic analysis while maintaining a simple workflow remains challenging. In this study, catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) were sequentially coupled to construct a dual-stage enzyme-free amplification circuit and integrated with a label-free fluorescence reporting strategy based on graphene oxide and SYBR Green I for logical recognition and sensitive detection of miR-21. CHA provides specific target recognition and primary signal amplification, and its product triggers the downstream HCR to generate dsDNA nanowires. The resulting dsDNA provides abundant SYBR Green I binding sites and enables continuous signal enhancement. Molecular simulations further supported the feasibility and kinetic behavior of the sequential cascade pathway. The modular cascade also produced a three-input AND logic response, demonstrating controllable logic operation. Under isothermal, enzyme-free, and label-free conditions, the sensor achieved a limit of detection of 184 pM and distinguished highly similar miRNA sequences at the single-base level. This CHA-HCR system provides a simple and reliable approach to miRNA analysis and shows potential for the convenient, sensitive detection of trace biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen-vacancy-induced half-metallicity and enhanced ferromagnetism in Sr₂NiMnO₆: a DFT and Monte Carlo approach.","authors":"Rifat S Apu, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, Anas Marsaad, Md Harunur Rashid, Rubaiyet I Haque","doi":"10.1039/d6ra07202j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra07202j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Realizing room-temperature spintronic functionality requires materials that maintain complete spin polarization at the Fermi level and robust ferromagnetic stability against thermal fluctuations. Here, Sr₂NiMnO₆ (SNMO) is introduced as a novel, high-performance double-perovskite candidate, and a mechanism to unlock its half-metallic potential <i>via</i> oxygen-vacancy (V_O) engineering is uncovered. Using a combined DFT, lattice dynamics, and Monte Carlo approach, it is revealed that V_O induction triggers a symmetry reduction (from <i>I</i>4/<i>m</i> to P1), driving a Ni-centered redox transition from a formal Ni⁴⁺ toward a Ni²⁺-like character, thereby evolving the electronic state from a spin-asymmetric semiconductor to a half-metal. The transition is further characterized by a substantial increase in the carrier effective mass (up to 1.235 <i>m</i> ₀), consistent with the emergence of localized polaronic character supporting the material's high-temperature stability and spin-selective transport. This structural-electronic coupling reconfigures the magnetic interaction from a weak superexchange-dominated regime toward an enhanced carrier-mediated exchange, consistent with, but not directly demonstrated by, the localized in-gap Ni states reported here, elevating the saturated magnetic moment to 6.00 <i>µ</i> _B (from -2.97 <i>µ</i> _B) and the Curie temperature to 480 K. These analyses establish a direct relationship between oxygen-vacancy formation, structural distortion, electronic reconstruction, and magnetic ordering in SNMO, highlighting oxygen-vacancy engineering as a strategy for tuning the spin-dependent properties of double perovskites for high-temperature spintronic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative biochemical analysis of tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) and coffee (<i>Coffea arabica</i>) extracts identifies the ethyl acetate fraction of green tea as a potential dual digestive enzyme inhibitor: an <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in silico</i> study.","authors":"Youmna E El-Saied, Abdullah A Elgazar, Fardous F El-Senduny, Nada E Hammouda, Omali Y El-Khawaga, Farid A Badria","doi":"10.1039/d6ra07857e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra07857e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), have prompted interest in identifying natural products capable of modulating digestive enzymes. This study comparatively evaluated the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and digestive enzyme inhibitory activities of green tea (GT), black tea (BT), and green coffee (GC) extracts. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, and SOD-like), and quantitative phenolic analysis indicated that GT contained the highest phenolic content and exhibited the greatest antioxidant activity, whereas GC showed the highest alkaloid content. Among the fractionated extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction of green tea (EtOAc fraction of GT) was selected for further investigation based on its phenolic content, pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity, and overall biological profile. HPLC analysis identified ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid as major constituents, together with syringic acid, resveratrol, myricetin, and rosmarinic acid. Both the crude BT extract and EtOAc fraction of GT exhibited α-amylase inhibitory activity comparable to that of quercetin. Kinetic analysis indicated competitive inhibition by the EtOAc fraction of GT (IC₅₀ = 0.662 mg mL^-1), whereas BT displayed mixed-type inhibition with a strong uncompetitive component. The EtOAc fraction of GT also showed the lowest IC₅₀ against pancreatic lipase (0.264 mg mL^-1) and followed a non-competitive inhibition mechanism. The EtOAc fraction maintained 98.94% of human skin fibroblast viability after 48 h at 500 µg mL^-1 in a preliminary cytotoxicity screen. Molecular docking was consistent with the experimental findings, suggesting that hesperidin and rutin may contribute to competitive α-amylase inhibition and allosteric pancreatic lipase modulation. These findings indicate that the ethyl acetate fraction of green tea is a phenolic-rich fraction with dual digestive enzyme inhibitory activity that merits further evaluation in appropriate biological models.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the phase transition of halide perovskite on the performance of ZnO ultraviolet photoconductor.","authors":"Femi Igbari, Muhammad Bilal, Zhe Li","doi":"10.1039/d6ra08487g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra08487g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the limitations associated with the delta-phase perovskite (δ-PVK), its potential to enhance device performance and stability has recently attracted increasing interest. In this work, we investigate the influence of these properties on the performance of ZnO-based ultraviolet (UV) photoconductors by surface-modifying the ZnO active layer with a δ-PVK layer derived from the phase transition of alpha-phase triple-cation mixed-halide perovskite, (Cs_0.05FA_0.81MA_0.14)Pb(I_0.85Br_0.15)₃ (α-PVK), <i>via</i> solution processing. The resulting ZnO/δ-PVK UV photoconductor exhibits enhanced performance, which is attributed to effective interfacial charge transfer from δ-PVK to ZnO, accompanied by an enhanced photogating effect. Compared with the ZnO device, the ZnO/δ-PVK device exhibits a photocurrent (<i>I</i> _photo) <i>ca.</i> 3 times higher, while being <i>ca.</i> 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the ZnO/α-PVK device. Accordingly, the ZnO/δ-PVK device achieves the highest <i>I</i> _on/<i>I</i> _off ratio (344.81), photoresponsivity (<i>R</i> = 2.0 A W^-1), photodetectivity (<i>D</i>* = 3.06 × 10¹¹ Jones) and external quantum efficiency (EQE = 680%) under 365 nm UV irradiation at a power density (<i>P</i>) of 23 mW cm^-2 and a bias voltage of 1 V. These findings highlight the potential of the previously underexplored δ-PVK phase for enhancing the performance of optoelectronic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Montmorillonite-supported Ag/Sn@CeO₂ <i>via</i> phyto-mechanochemical engineering: enhanced crystal violet adsorption and CO₂ capture.","authors":"Mobeen Ur Rehman, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Babar Taj, Amal Marzoqi Altowerqi, Khloud Al-Thubaiti, Merfat M Alsabban, Alya Awad Alshahri, Ismat Bibi, Francis Verpoort, Rajeh Alotaibi","doi":"10.1039/d6ra07930j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra07930j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crystal Violet (CV) dye and CO₂ emissions represent two major environmental threats that demand cost-effective and multifunctional remediation materials. In this study, a silver/tin co-doped cerium oxide nanocomposite supported on montmorillonite (Mt-Ag/Sn@CeO₂) was synthesized <i>via</i> continuous phyto-mechanochemical twin screw extrusion using <i>Melothria scabra</i> leaf extract as a green reducing agent. The composite was characterized by using FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS, zeta potential, N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm, BJH pore size analysis, and ICP-OES. The adsorption performance of Mt-Ag/Sn@CeO₂ and Ag/Sn@CeO₂ toward CV dye was systematically evaluated by optimizing pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, and temperature. For CV dye removal, Mt-Ag/Sn@CeO₂ achieved 96.08% removal compared with 89.22% for Ag/Sn@CeO₂ (10 mg L^-1 dye, 20 mg dose, pH 9, 298 K, 180 min). The maximum adsorption capacities, estimated from the Langmuir model, were 36.50 mg g^-1 and 28.77 mg g^-1, respectively. Adsorption data were best described by the Freundlich isotherm alongside the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, consistent with chemisorption on a heterogeneous surface with multilayer dye uptake. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous (Δ<i>G</i>° < 0 at all studied temperatures). Furthermore, Mt-Ag/Sn@CeO₂ demonstrated CO₂ adsorption capacity of 3.92 mmol g^-1 at 298 K and 900 mmHg, surpassing several reported clay-based adsorbents. These results confirmed that the mechanochemically engineered Mt-Ag/Sn@CeO₂ composite is an effective dual-function adsorbent with potential for simultaneous water and air remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13679713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and diversification of SuFEx-active 2<i>H</i>-indazoles from azobenzenes and ethenesulfonyl fluoride.","authors":"Lingayya Rajaka, Hyosik Woo, Myunghwa Jung, Chanhee Jang, Seungwan Kim, Jihyo Lee, Saegun Kim, Sangil Han, Han Yong Bae, Sang Hoon Han","doi":"10.1039/d6ra09632h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra09632h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A direct approach to SuFEx-active 2<i>H</i>-indazoles from azobenzenes and ethenesulfonyl fluoride was developed through Rh(iii)-catalyzed tandem C-H activation and annulation. The transformation provided a range of SO₂F-containing 2<i>H</i>-indazoles with good functional group tolerance while preserving the synthetically valuable sulfonyl fluoride functionality. The practicality of the method was demonstrated by gram-scale synthesis and subsequent SuFEx conjugation with representative biologically relevant molecules. This strategy provides efficient access to functionalized 2<i>H</i>-indazoles bearing a versatile SuFEx handle for further molecular diversification in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning CO₂ electroreduction to methane <i>via</i> oxygen termination of M₂BO₂ (M = V, Cr, Hf, Mo, Ta, W) MBene catalysts: a DFT + U investigation.","authors":"Jemal Mohamed Ali, Kingsley Onyebuchi Obodo, Ahmed Mustefa Mohammed, Yedilfana Setarge Mekonnen","doi":"10.1039/d6ra06268g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra06268g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CO₂ is a principal greenhouse gas driving climate change, and converting it into useful fuels is a central goal of green chemistry and sustainable energy. Accordingly, we investigated M₂B and oxygen-terminated M₂BO₂ (M = V, Cr, Hf, Mo, Ta, W) monolayers for CO₂ electroreduction using DFT + U. Bare M₂B strongly chemisorbs and activates CO₂, but suffers from high overpotentials due to strong oxygen binding. Oxygen termination stabilizes the monolayers, moderates adsorption, and improves selectivity. Among the studied systems, W₂BO₂ and Hf₂BO show the most promising performance. W₂BO₂ exhibits a low limiting potential of -0.67 eV and an overpotential of 0.84 V, while Hf₂BO₂ achieves a limiting potential of -0.85 eV, thereby balancing CO₂ activation with efficient product desorption. These results demonstrate that oxyboride catalysts can convert CO₂ into methane while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, offering a pathway toward sustainable fuel production and climate change solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multifunctional bishydroxycoumarin conjugate exhibiting AIE characteristics and tandem Co²⁺/ATP detection with logic gate operations, on-site sensing and bioimaging applications.","authors":"Rajendran Kishore Kumar, Suryaa Manoharan, Ekambaram Perumal, Balasubramanian Murugesapandian","doi":"10.1039/d6ra08250e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra08250e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An efficient coumarin-based fluorescent probe, HCPD, was synthesized <i>via</i> condensation of 7-diethylamino-4-hydroxycoumarin aldehyde with <i>o</i>-phenylenediamine. The structure of the probe was confirmed by FT-IR, NMR and HRMS studies. The probe, HCPD exhibited aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics in a THF-water mixture, showing enhanced emission at 80% water fraction. The probe functions as a molecular switch for the sensitive detection of the environmentally and biologically significant metal ion Co²⁺ at the nanomolar level. HCPD emits green emission at 500 nm which selectively detects Co²⁺ ions in a DMF/Tris-HCl buffer system (9 : 1, v/v) through an emission \"turn-off\" response, attributed to paramagnetic quenching. In addition, Job's plot and HRMS analysis established a 1 : 1 binding stoichiometry between HCPD and Co²⁺ ions. The probe demonstrated remarkable sensitivity with a low detection limit of 11.7 nM and a binding constant of 3.6798 × 10⁴ M^-1. Notably, the emission of the HCPD-Co²⁺ ensemble was restored upon the addition of ATP over various competing anions, enabling reversible sensing behavior not previously reported in the reversibility of Co²⁺ ions. The regeneration capability of the probe facilitated practical on-site applications, including paper strips, cotton swabs and the construction of an IMPLICATION logic gate circuit. Furthermore, HCPD was also successfully applied in bio-imaging studies of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, highlighting its biological relevance. Overall, HCPD represents a highly sensitive and reversible dual-responsive fluorescent probe for Co²⁺ and ATP detection with significant environmental and biological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13679144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar loading modulates pore accessibility and CO₂ adsorption in dual-phase MIL-100(Al)/MIL-110(Al) hybrids.","authors":"Pisit Phayutcharoenkun, Rajendran Chandran, Samson B Akindoye, Sathiyanathan Ponnan, Anh N Phan, Amornchai Arpornwichanop, Phuet Prasertcharoensuk","doi":"10.1039/d6ra07411a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra07411a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MIL-100(Al)/MIL-110(Al)-biochar materials were prepared by solvothermal crystallization of aluminum trimesate phases in the presence of activated bamboo-derived biochar. BC-10 and BC-20 denote nominal precursor-basis biochar additions of 10 and 20 wt%, respectively, rather than measured final composite mass fractions. PXRD reflections assigned to MIL-100(Al) and MIL-110(Al) were retained after biochar addition. Conventional TEM revealed coexisting rod-like and faceted/polyhedral particle habits in BC-0 and their spatial association with irregular carbonaceous domains in BC-10. However, peak overlap and the absence of quantitative phase analysis in HRTEM preclude determination of phase fractions or lattice-level interfaces. Among the three investigated formulations, BC-10 gave the highest equilibrium CO₂ uptake at 298 K and a terminal equilibrium pressure of approximately 1 bar (39.59 cm³ STP per g; 1.77 mmol g^-1), compared with 1.16 and 1.37 mmol g^-1 for BC-0 and BC-20, respectively. This trend occurred despite the lower BET area of BC-10 (496.79 m² g^-1) relative to BC-0 (1148.90 m² g^-1), demonstrating that the uptake trend cannot be explained by BET surface area alone. Instrument-integrated CO₂-TPD contributions centred below 500 °C followed the order BC-10 > BC-20 > BC-0; the separate contribution near 560 °C was excluded because thermally evolved carbon-containing species may contribute. Nonlinear Freundlich fitting produced lower RMSE, SSE and AICc values than Langmuir fitting for all samples, supporting an energetically heterogeneous adsorption response without uniquely identifying its molecular origin. Oxygenated biochar groups, Al-containing framework environments, crystallite dispersion and pore accessibility are therefore discussed as plausible contributors rather than demonstrated mechanisms. BC-10 is identified only as the best-performing composition among the formulations tested.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13679145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}