RSC Advances最新文献

{"title":"Electric field-assisted annular arrangement of sulfonated polystyrene particles for isotropically enhanced matrix performance","authors":"Yajun Zhang, Xiangmeng Li, Jinjing Zhang, Chao Yan, Jiaojiao Li and Xijing Zhu","doi":"10.1039/D5RA04063A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA04063A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >An ordered and rationally designed distribution structure can fully exploit the superior properties of micro/nano-fillers, maximizing the synergistic effects between the fillers and the matrix. However, current research primarily focuses on the linear alignment of fillers, which only enhances the composite's performance along a specific direction. In this study, sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) particles were arranged in an annular pattern induced by an electric field. Similar to the role of aggregates in concrete, the oriented SPS particles acted as rigid support points, constructing “micro-bridges” within the matrix. These SPS particles cooperatively bore the load with the matrix, reducing stress concentration and enabling the composite to exhibit improved integrity and stability. In tensile tests, hydrogels containing 1 wt% oriented particles demonstrated an approximately 68.5% increase in fracture elongation and a 7.67 kPa enhancement in tensile strength compared to the pure polyacrylamide hydrogel. This study introduces a novel filler annular orientation strategy that enables isotropic enhancement of composite properties while effectively overcoming the limitations imposed by conventional direction-dependent reinforcement mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 39","pages":" 32919-32928"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra04063a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiotherapy-chemodynamic cancer therapy using bismuth-based nanoparticles: a synergistic approach for enhanced cancer treatment","authors":"Charles Ifeanyi Aghanwa, Nnenna Henrietta Umoke, Pelumi Adanigbo, Rukayat Olajumoke Babatunde, Abisoye Oyebisola Fafioye, Ruth Joseph Adara, Emmanuella Amara Ofoka, Kelechi Purity Ezennubia, Oshoma Erumiseli and Ikhazuagbe Hilary Ifijen","doi":"10.1039/D5RA03984C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA03984C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cancer remains a global health burden, with conventional treatment strategies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy often constrained by systemic toxicity, therapeutic resistance, and suboptimal tumor eradication. The development of synergistic treatment modalities is essential to enhance efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. Radiotherapy-chemodynamic therapy (RT-CDT) has emerged as a promising approach that couples the DNA-damaging power of ionizing radiation with the oxidative stress induced by chemodynamic reactions in the tumor microenvironment. Central to this strategy are bismuth-based nanoparticles (BiNPs), which serve as both potent radiosensitizers and catalytic agents for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation due to their high atomic number, robust X-ray absorption, and favorable physicochemical and biocompatibility profiles. This review explores the fundamental mechanisms through which BiNPs enhance RT and CDT efficacy, including their roles in secondary electron generation, ROS amplification, and DNA damage. Various bismuth nanoplatforms—such as bismuth oxide, bismuth sulfide, and bismuth vanadate—are discussed with respect to their structural attributes, catalytic activity, and tumor-targeting capacities. Emphasis is placed on the design and engineering of multifunctional, surface-modified, and hybrid BiNP systems that enable combinatory therapeutic action and real-time monitoring <em>via</em> dual-modality imaging, including computed tomography (CT) and photoacoustic imaging. Preclinical studies demonstrate that BiNP-based RT-CDT significantly inhibits tumor progression, validating their potential in enhancing radiotherapeutic outcomes. Nonetheless, translational challenges persist, including nanoparticle cytotoxicity, <em>in vivo</em> stability, large-scale production, and regulatory hurdles. Addressing these limitations through rational design and safety optimization is critical for clinical application. Looking ahead, the integration of BiNPs into image-guided RT-CDT platforms presents a compelling opportunity for more targeted, efficient, and minimally invasive cancer therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 40","pages":" 32956-32994"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra03984c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seaweed residue as a low-cost source for producing cellulose nanofibrils with ultraviolet shielding properties","authors":"Shan Jiang, Xincheng Peng, Zixin Wu, Hemin Cui, Ligang Wei, Guolin Shao, Na Liu and Li Wei","doi":"10.1039/D5RA03784K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA03784K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Seaweed residue (SR) is an industrial by-product produced during seaweed extraction, which is generally used in feed processing with low added value and cheap price (&lt;0.2 $ per kg). In this study, we reported that Nano Seaweed residue fibers were extracted from seaweed residue, and SR-CNF was prepared by pretreatment of SR with oxalic acid (OA) dihydrate combined with an assisted ultrasonic disintegration method. The effects of different OA contents on the yield and physicochemical properties of SR-CNF, as well as the potential value of the application of seaweed residue-based biocomposite films were investigated in the pretreatment system. It has some reference value for the exploration of algal residue-based nanofiber preparation. Using the casting method, the SR-CNF was used as the reinforcing material, and the algal residue-based composite film was prepared with an elongation at break of 83.2% and a tensile strength of 12.9 MPa. The film has good light transmittance, and it also possesses moderate tensile strength as well as excellent UV protection. Of particular interest is that this UV shielding effect is entirely derived from the natural color-emitting groups within the material, a unique property that makes the composite film have great application prospects in the field of food packaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 39","pages":" 32882-32893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra03784k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, synthesis and molecular modeling of new coumarin–thiazole derivatives as dual EGFR/HDAC1 inhibitors: in vitro and in vivo anticancer assays","authors":"Eman Y. Ahmed, Mai M. Elghonemy, Rasha Z. Batran, Manar E. A. Elasasy, Sherien M. El-Daly, Marwa A. Mahmoud, Hanem M. Awad and Nehad A. Abdel Latif","doi":"10.1039/D5RA04395F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA04395F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The growing evidence ascertaining the overexpression of EGFR and HDAC1 in breast and colorectal cancers prompted us to design and synthesize some new coumarin–thiazole derivatives with dual EGFR/HDAC1 inhibitory activity, considering the nature of EGFR and HDAC inhibitory models. The new derivatives were evaluated for their <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxicity against HCT-116 and MCF-7 cancer cells along with BJ-1 normal cells. Compound 3-(-1-((-5-(-(4-bromophenyl)diazenyl)-4-methylthiazol-2(3<em>H</em>)-ylidene)hydrazono)ethyl)-4-hydroxy-2<em>H</em>-chromen-2-one (<strong>3m</strong>) showed promising selectivity indices for both cell lines, preferential inhibition of EGFR/HDAC1/ERK, induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and significant <em>in vivo</em> antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites and solid carcinoma models. Docking study showed that the selected compound attained promising results within the active sites of EGFR and HDAC1.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 39","pages":" 32821-32832"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra04395f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic strategies towards preparation and functionalization of ullazines, a promising class of light-harvesting materials","authors":"Thiago J. Peglow, Amanda de A. Borges, Edson Evangelista, Luana da S. M. Forezi and Vanessa Nascimento","doi":"10.1039/D5RA03527A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA03527A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have gained significant attention from the scientific community due to their remarkable optoelectronic properties, which make them ideal candidates for applications in organic electronic materials, such as organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These compounds, characterized by extended π-conjugation, enable electron delocalization, enhancing their electronic and optical behaviors. The incorporation of heteroatoms in PAHs has been shown to further modify their electronic properties without disrupting the aromaticity, providing additional opportunities for the design of advanced organic semiconductors. A notable example is ullazine, a nitrogen-containing polycyclic system with a 16 π-electron structure. It has emerged as a promising material for organic electronics due to its unique electron-donating and electron-accepting capabilities. Recent advances in synthetic methodologies, including metal-catalyzed cyclization and hydride shift reactions, have enabled the development of ullazine derivatives with tunable electronic properties. Furthermore, the inclusion of heteroatoms such as boron and sulfur and the expansion of the ullazine framework through mono- and bis-annulation strategies have enhanced the charge transport properties and light-harvesting capabilities of these compounds, making them highly attractive for photovoltaic applications. This review comprehensively discusses the latest synthetic strategies for ullazine derivatives, their electronic and optical properties, and their potential applications in next-generation organic electronic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 40","pages":" 33101-33130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra03527a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycosylated 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives as promising inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease","authors":"En-You Liao, Shen-Chieh Chou, Tzu-Yu Huang, Sheng-Cih Huang, Teng-Kai Yu, Feng-Pai Chou and Tung-Kung Wu","doi":"10.1039/D5RA04664E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA04664E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M<small>^pro</small>) is a validated antiviral target for COVID-19 therapeutics due to its essential role in viral replication and absence of human homologs. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of glycosylated 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) derivatives using a one-pot, four-enzyme system to improve drug-like properties and antiviral efficacy. Among the derivatives, 18β-GA-3-<em>O</em>-β-Glc and 18β-GA-30-<em>O</em>-β-Glc exhibited promising M<small>^pro</small> inhibition, with IC<small>₅₀</small> values of 8.70 ± 0.80 μM and 4.77 ± 0.49 μM, respectively. Biolayer interferometry revealed favorable binding affinities and reversible interactions with M<small>^pro</small>, while molecular docking demonstrated their stable binding conformations resembling that of GC376. These glycosides also showed improved predicted oral bioavailability and physicochemical profiles. Our findings support the potential of glycosylated 18β-GA derivatives as cost-effective and scalable antiviral candidates targeting SARS-CoV-2 M<small>^pro</small>.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 39","pages":" 32871-32881"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra04664e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-fluorescence approach for turn-on ammonia and turn-off explosive picric acid detection via ESIPT inhibition: experimental, theoretical, and biological studies","authors":"Malavika S. Kumar and Avijit Kumar Das","doi":"10.1039/D5RA05068E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA05068E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A fluorescent naphthalene–anthracene dyad (<strong>AMN</strong>) was developed as a dual-mode sensor for turn-on detection of ammonia (NH<small>₃</small>) and turn-off detection of picric acid (PA). <strong>AMN</strong> initially emits strong fluorescence at 427 nm due to excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), showing a large 62 nm Stokes shift. Upon PA addition, fluorescence is quenched and red-shifted to 463 nm. Conversely, NH<small>₃</small> induces a red shift to 435 nm. These spectral responses are attributed to ESIPT inhibition <em>via</em> strong hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group of <strong>AMN</strong> and the analytes. <strong>AMN</strong> has been successfully applied in dipstick-based PA detection and as a low-cost food spoilage indicator for NH<small>₃</small>. Detection limits are 8.77 μM for PA and 5.29 μM for NH<small>₃</small>, with a Stern–Volmer constant of 5.62 × 10<small>⁵</small> M<small>⁻¹</small> for picric acid. Additionally, <strong>AMN</strong> shows ratiometric fluorescence upon interaction with BSA and ct DNA, accompanied by notable absorption changes. These findings, supported by UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, NMR, molecular docking, and DFT studies, underscore the potential of <strong>AMN</strong> as a multifunctional fluorescent sensor for environmental and biological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 39","pages":" 32894-32905"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra05068e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-flow single particle detection of sub-100 micron microplastics","authors":"Ernesto III Paruli, Agnès De Lavigne Sainte-Suzanne, Mathieu Debeaumont, Lena Thomas, Remi Courson, Lylian Challier, Maria El Rakwe and Enora Prado","doi":"10.1039/D5RA04700E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA04700E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The pervasive and growing contamination of ecosystems by microplastics (MPs) has emerged as a critical environmental and societal challenge. These synthetic polymer fragments, typically defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, are now recognized not only for their persistence in natural environments but also for their potential to carry adsorbed pollutants and to be ingested by a wide range of organisms, including humans. Of particular concern are MPs in the sub-100 μm range, which are more difficult to isolate and analyze but may exhibit enhanced mobility, reactivity, and bioavailability. The accurate detection, quantification, and chemical characterization of such small MPs are therefore essential for advancing our understanding of their sources, fate, and impacts. However, current analytical approaches—primarily based on filtration, staining, and spectroscopic methods—remain time-consuming and often lack the sensitivity or selectivity required for sub-100 μm particles in complex aqueous matrices. In this study, we present a novel microfluidic strategy for the rapid, in-flow detection and molecular identification of individual MPs in suspension. The method integrates dielectrophoresis (DEP) for the label-free spatial manipulation of particles and Raman microspectroscopy (RM) for their chemical fingerprinting. A custom-fabricated glass microfluidic chip was developed, incorporating electrodes on both the top and bottom surfaces of the main channel to achieve three-dimensional DEP focusing. MPs ranging from 25 to 50 μm in diameter were successfully aligned along the channel's central axis and interrogated in real time using RM. This approach enabled unambiguous, particle-by-particle identification of five widely encountered polymer types: polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), both in monodisperse and polydisperse mixtures. Our results demonstrate that DEP/RM coupling offers a powerful and scalable platform for in-flow MPs analysis, combining high spatial resolution and chemical specificity. This proof of concept opens new possibilities for high-throughput and automated detection of MPs in environmental monitoring and water analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 40","pages":" 33139-33150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra04700e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced biopolymer nanocomposites for real-time biosurveillance and defense against antimicrobial resistance and viral threats","authors":"Ashwag S. Alzahrani, Khalid A. Alamry and Mahmoud A. Hussein","doi":"10.1039/D5RA04504E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA04504E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents an ever increasing challenge to health globally. Until now, all conventional antibiotics and antivirals are struggling to keep up with minimum efficacy and eradication rate in both civilian and military contexts. The purpose of this review is to compile all current research on the use of functionalized biopolymer nanocomposites, highlighting them as the next-generation of antimicrobial platforms. The emphasis is placed on natural and synthetic biopolymers such as chitosan, alginate, cellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol, all of which are engineered with a range of nanofillers. The nanofillers themselves include silver, zinc oxide, copper oxide, titanium dioxide, graphene derivatives, and metal–organic frameworks. The synergy of these materials not only enhances but broadens antimicrobial activity. Key mechanisms underlying AMR have been elucidated. These include but are not limited to genetic mutation, efflux pump activation, enzymatic inactivation, and viral adaptation. Besides this the multifaceted antimicrobial actions imparted by biopolymer–nanofiller composites have also been thoroughly described. Additionally, chemical modifications such as sulfation, carboxymethylation, and amination are discussed as critical strategies to further improve antimicrobial efficacy. Regarding practicality, real-world applications including wound care, medical device coatings, air filtration, packaging, biosensors, and military-grade protective equipment have been presented along with all pros and cons as well as limitations and challenges. As for drawbacks, such as toxicity, scalability, regulatory considerations, and the potential for environmental impact, this paper has attempted to critically evaluate these and provide directions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 39","pages":" 32431-32463"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra04504e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-temperature phosphidation synthesis of flower-like Ru-CoVO-P polymetallic catalyst for enhanced overall water splitting in alkaline seawater","authors":"Yongqi Tian, Yufang Yang, Dongyan Zhong, Shuangshuang Zhang, Boyao Zhang, Xin Li, Huiya Zhou, Rong-Da Zhao and Lihua Miao","doi":"10.1039/D5RA04957A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA04957A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Developing efficient and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting, especially in practical electrolytes such as seawater, remains a significant challenge in the field of energy conversion. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of a three-dimensional, flower-like polymetallic phosphide electrocatalyst (Ru-CoVO-P), constructed from self-assembled ultrathin nanosheets, <em>via</em> a facile hydrothermal method combined with a low-temperature phosphidation strategy. The catalyst exhibits excellent bifunctional activity in 1 M KOH, requiring overpotentials of only 88.7 mV (HER) and 248.3 mV (OER) to achieve 10 mA cm<small>⁻²</small>. After 240 hours of cycling in a two-electrode system, a cell voltage of only 1.753 V is required to achieve a current density of 50 mA cm<small>⁻²</small>. More importantly, the catalyst maintains excellent performance in 1 M KOH containing seawater, demonstrating outstanding stability and great application potential. The superior performance stems from the electronic structure modulation among the polymetallic components, as well as the abundant active sites and efficient mass transport capabilities provided by the hierarchical structure. This work provides a facile and effective synthesis strategy for developing advanced polymetallic phosphide catalysts suitable for practical seawater electrolysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 39","pages":" 32732-32745"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra04957a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}