RSC AdvancesPub Date : 2025-06-27DOI: 10.1039/D5RA02295A
Tianjiao Hong, Yan Kang, Pengfei Tian and Fuzhen Xuan
{"title":"Optimization of the mechanical performance of TDI-based polyurethanes via orthogonal design and response surface methodology","authors":"Tianjiao Hong, Yan Kang, Pengfei Tian and Fuzhen Xuan","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02295A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02295A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The mechanical properties of polyurethane elastomers are primarily determined by their formulations and synthetic processes. Here, we present an in-depth investigation into the optimization of the mechanical performance of a toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-based polyurethane using orthogonal design and response surface methodology (RSM). The utmost mechanical performance with a tensile strength of 14.67 MPa and an elongation at break of 1160% was achieved. The model reliability in predicting the mechanical strength was validated with a reasonable accuracy error of 2.2%. The correlation between mechanical properties of the TDI-based polyurethane and factors including NCO/OH ratio (<em>R</em>-value), chain extension coefficient, crosslinking coefficient, and curing temperature was elucidated through a combination of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy with RSM. A net positive interactive effect among the <em>R</em>-value, chain extension coefficient, and curing temperature was observed. Additionally, a volcano-shaped relationship was identified between tensile strength and the crosslinking coefficient, while a similar non-monotonic trend was found between elongation at break and curing temperature. Through multiple characterization experiments including equilibrium swelling measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the relationship between elastomer crosslink density and mechanical properties was systematically examined. This work provides valuable insights for the rational design of high-performance polymer materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 27","pages":" 22023-22034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02295a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RSC AdvancesPub Date : 2025-06-27DOI: 10.1039/D5RA03427B
Boye Jiang, Juan Zhang, Boning Wang, Airui Zhou, Yan Zou, Qingguo Meng, Qingjie Zhao, Xiaoyun Chai and Conghao Gai
{"title":"Carbamothioate-mediated Selectfluor™ oxidation for the synthesis of benzenesulfonyl fluorides in chalcone derivatives†","authors":"Boye Jiang, Juan Zhang, Boning Wang, Airui Zhou, Yan Zou, Qingguo Meng, Qingjie Zhao, Xiaoyun Chai and Conghao Gai","doi":"10.1039/D5RA03427B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA03427B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A carbamothioate-mediated method for synthesizing benzenesulfonyl fluorides <em>via</em> Selectfluor™ oxidation is reported, enabling compatibility with α,β-unsaturated chalcone derivatives without Michael addition side reactions. This approach offers moderate yields, broad functional group tolerance, and applications in covalent drug discovery, facilitating the incorporation of sulfonyl fluoride warheads into complex electrophilic scaffolds.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 27","pages":" 22018-22022"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra03427b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RSC AdvancesPub Date : 2025-06-27DOI: 10.1039/D5RA03164H
Jiangcheng Xu, Wenbo Yu, Nan Zhou, Jiamin Zhong, Jintian Lyu, Zhihao Su, Yu Chen and Kui Du
{"title":"DyeLeS: a web platform for predicting and classifying fluorescence properties of bioactive molecules†","authors":"Jiangcheng Xu, Wenbo Yu, Nan Zhou, Jiamin Zhong, Jintian Lyu, Zhihao Su, Yu Chen and Kui Du","doi":"10.1039/D5RA03164H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA03164H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Fluorescent drug molecules play a pivotal role in biomedical research and precision medicine. Their intrinsic fluorescence enables real-time tracking of drug distribution, target engagement, and metabolic pathways, while avoiding interference from external labeling. However, traditional fluorescent drug discovery relies heavily on trial-and-error approaches, which are inefficient and resource-intensive. To address this, we developed DyeLeS (Dye-Likeness Scoring), a web platform designed to rapidly evaluate molecular fluorescence potential and predict key photophysical properties such as Stokes shift and quantum yield. DyeLeS utilizes a curated dataset of fluorescent and non-fluorescent compounds, applies a Naive Bayes-inspired algorithm for fluorescence classification (AUC = 0.995), and employs a LightGBM model for quantitative prediction of fluorescence properties, achieving an <em>R</em><small><sup>2</sup></small> of 0.88 in absorption wavelength (<em>λ</em><small><sub>abs</sub></small>) prediction. Leveraging DyeLeS, this study constructed FluoBioDB, the first publicly available library of fluorescent bioactive compounds, encompassing 32 865 structurally diverse molecules, including kinase inhibitors and GPCR modulators. Case analyses indicate that FluoBioDB compounds typically possess polycyclic conjugated frameworks, donor–acceptor (D–A) structures, and rigid planar cores, endowing them with strong potential for applications in bioimaging, targeted therapy, and theranostics. This work presents a robust computational framework and a valuable molecular resource to facilitate the rapid discovery and optimization of fluorescent drug candidates. All source codes and datasets are available at https://github.com/MolAstra/DyeLeS, and the web server can be accessed at https://dyeles.molastra.com.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 27","pages":" 21977-21986"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra03164h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RSC AdvancesPub Date : 2025-06-27DOI: 10.1039/D5RA03296B
Faiza Jabeen, Zil-e-Aimen, Rimsha Ahmad, Sadullah Mir, Nasser S. Awwad and Hala A. Ibrahium
{"title":"Carrageenan: structure, properties and applications with special emphasis on food science","authors":"Faiza Jabeen, Zil-e-Aimen, Rimsha Ahmad, Sadullah Mir, Nasser S. Awwad and Hala A. Ibrahium","doi":"10.1039/D5RA03296B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA03296B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This comprehensive study examines the versatile applications of carrageenan, a sulphated polysaccharide derived from red seaweeds, across environmental remediation, biomedical sciences, and food technology. The study also explains carrageenan's structural characteristics, physicochemical properties and the three primary types: kappa, iota, and lambda. In wastewater treatment, carrageenan-based materials demonstrate efficacy in removing heavy metals, dyes, and organic compounds through adsorption and flocculation mechanisms. The biomedical potential of carrageenan is explored, highlighting its role in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and wound healing applications. The review also addresses carrageenan's significance in the food industry as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and preservative. While acknowledging potential drawbacks, including gastrointestinal concerns and environmental impacts of seaweed harvesting, the study presents a balanced analysis of carrageenan's applications. This review underscores carrageenan's potential as a versatile, eco-friendly solution across multiple sectors, contributing to advancements in sustainable technologies and biomedical innovations.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 27","pages":" 22035-22062"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra03296b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RSC AdvancesPub Date : 2025-06-27DOI: 10.1039/D5RA03053F
Amal E. Mubark, Sabreen M. El-Gamasy, Ahmed M. Masoud, Adel A. El-Zahhar, Majed M. Alghamdi, Mohamed H. Taha and Taha F. Hassanein
{"title":"Efficient Schiff base ligand for selective Cd(ii) and Pb(ii) removal from water†","authors":"Amal E. Mubark, Sabreen M. El-Gamasy, Ahmed M. Masoud, Adel A. El-Zahhar, Majed M. Alghamdi, Mohamed H. Taha and Taha F. Hassanein","doi":"10.1039/D5RA03053F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA03053F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study reports the development and evaluation of a novel Schiff base ligand, 2-((<em>E</em>)-(4-aminophenylimino)methyl)benzoic acid, for the efficient removal of lead(<small>II</small>) and cadmium(<small>II</small>) from aqueous solutions. The ligand was synthesized <em>via</em> a simple condensation route and characterized to confirm its structural and functional properties. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the effects of pH, temperature, metal ion concentration, contact time, and competing ions. The ligand exhibited high sorption capacities—84.0 mg g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> for Pb(<small>II</small>) and 71.0 mg g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> for Cd(<small>II</small>)—with optimal performance at pH 6.0. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium data fit well with the Langmuir and Sips isotherms, indicating chemisorption and monolayer coverage. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the process. The ligand demonstrated excellent reusability over multiple cycles and retained strong selectivity in the presence of competing ions and in real wastewater. These findings suggest that the synthesized ligand is a promising and sustainable candidate for heavy metal remediation in water treatment applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 27","pages":" 21987-22005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra03053f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RSC AdvancesPub Date : 2025-06-27DOI: 10.1039/D5RA00235D
Yu Liu, Xiaodong Fang, Meng Sun, Xutong Wang, Kejing Ma, Bing Wang, Qiming Li, Jan Mohammad Omar, Yihui Liu, Heng Liu and Weina Han
{"title":"Synthesis of SGLT2 inhibitor O-glucoside derivatives for enhancing anti-heart failure activity†","authors":"Yu Liu, Xiaodong Fang, Meng Sun, Xutong Wang, Kejing Ma, Bing Wang, Qiming Li, Jan Mohammad Omar, Yihui Liu, Heng Liu and Weina Han","doi":"10.1039/D5RA00235D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA00235D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >SGLT2 inhibitors were derived from the natural product phlorizin and were used clinically to treat heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In this study, based on phlorizin as the lead compound, tyramine moiety was introduced while retaining the pharmacophoric glucoside, thereby enhancing SGLT2 protein inhibitory activity and improving gastrointestinal absorption properties. We synthesized 11 new <em>O</em>-glucoside derivatives and evaluated their anti-heart failure activities. Results showed that compound <strong>D4</strong> significantly increased the inhibition rate of the SGLT2 protein and anti-heart failure activity compared with empagliflozin and phlorizin and increased the ATP content in the impaired cardiomyocytes, which exhibited the best inhibition effect on SOD enzymes. According to the docking scores, it was speculated that compound <strong>D4</strong> could treat heart failure by inhibiting cellular oxidative stress and reducing ROS and lipid peroxidation. The pharmacokinetic prediction results showed that compound <strong>D4</strong> had good plasma protein binding force and hydrophilicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 27","pages":" 21922-21933"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra00235d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RSC AdvancesPub Date : 2025-06-27DOI: 10.1039/D5RA00012B
Jinwei Ma, Fopeng Wen, Zhaofu Deng, Liping Wei, Yiming Ma, Haisheng Sun, Dejia Xie and Xiaohu Li
{"title":"Optimized design of a high-solid-content liquid elbow: an anti-erosion 3D twisted swirl plate structure","authors":"Jinwei Ma, Fopeng Wen, Zhaofu Deng, Liping Wei, Yiming Ma, Haisheng Sun, Dejia Xie and Xiaohu Li","doi":"10.1039/D5RA00012B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA00012B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study addresses the critical issue of erosion in slag discharge pipelines caused by uneven particle distribution due to particle deposition. To address this issue, a novel 3D twisted swirl plate (PRSS) was designed based on the principle of adjusting particle positions within a swirling flow field to achieve a uniform distribution. Comparative analysis showed that the new 3D twisted swirl plate outperformed similar designs, significantly reducing erosion caused by non-uniformly distributed small particles. Furthermore, response surface analysis combined with genetic algorithms enabled the dual-objective optimization of the swirl plate structure. The optimization yielded two optimal designs: the first achieved a 45% reduction in the maximum erosion rate (MER) and a 1043 Pa increase in the pressure drop (DP) for 50 µm particles, while the second optimal design reduced MER by 36% and increased DP by 659 Pa. These findings highlight the enhanced performance of the proposed design over conventional elbow pipes, demonstrating its potential for mitigating erosion in high-solid-content flow systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 27","pages":" 21934-21946"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra00012b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design, synthesis, in silico and in vitro evaluation of pyrrole–indole hybrids as dual tubulin and aromatase inhibitors with potent anticancer activities†","authors":"Rungroj Saruengkhanphasit, Jaruwan Chatwichien, Lukana Ngiwsara, Kriengsak Lirdprapamongkol, Worawat Niwetmarin, Chatchakorn Eurtivong, Prasat Kittakoop, Jisnuson Svasti and Somsak Ruchirawat","doi":"10.1039/D4RA09000D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA09000D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Twenty-four new pyrrolyl-3-phenyl-1<em>H</em>-indole-2-carbohydrazide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activities and dual inhibition properties against tubulin and aromatase. Their anticancer activities were highly potent against the NCI60 human cancer cell line panel. Amongst them, single chloro-substituted derivative <strong>3h</strong> was the strongest tubulin inhibitor, disrupting the microtubule structure by inhibiting the colchicine site, while potently inhibiting aromatase (IC<small><sub>50</sub></small> = 1.8 µM) with strong activity against the estrogen receptor-positive T47D breast cancer cell line (IC<small><sub>50</sub></small> = 2.4 µM). Ester derivative <strong>3k</strong> showed the best aromatase inhibitory activity (IC<small><sub>50</sub></small> = 18 nM) with moderate anti-T47D activity (IC<small><sub>50</sub></small> = 10.6 µM). Molecular docking predicted the derivatives inhibited the colchicine site of tubulin by forming mainly hydrophobic interactions with the surrounding amino acid residues. Moreover, heme chelation with the pyrrole ring was predicted as a key interaction, and the formation of intermolecular bonds with adjacent amino acid residues was predicted as important for inhibitory activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 27","pages":" 21962-21976"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d4ra09000d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RSC AdvancesPub Date : 2025-06-26DOI: 10.1039/D5RA02485D
Jing Chen, Xi Chen, Jinsong Song, Hongliu Zhang, Hongjiang Yang, Jinhui Feng, Qiaqing Wu and Dunming Zhu
{"title":"Enzymatic synthesis of four stereoisomers of 3-substituted-4-hydroxypiperidines by carbonyl reductase-catalyzed reduction†","authors":"Jing Chen, Xi Chen, Jinsong Song, Hongliu Zhang, Hongjiang Yang, Jinhui Feng, Qiaqing Wu and Dunming Zhu","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02485D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02485D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Chiral 3-substituted-4-hydroxypiperidines are highly valuable in pharmaceutical applications due to their diverse and potent biological activities. Biocatalytic ketone reduction by carbonyl reductases represents a promising approach for synthesizing these compounds. In this study, two structurally similar yet stereoselectively distinct carbonyl reductases, HeCR and DbCR, were identified. Both enzymes exhibited exceptional catalytic performance, with >99% enantiomeric excess (ee) and >99% conversion rate in the reduction of <em>tert</em>-butyl 4-oxo-3-phenylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (<strong>1a</strong>). We found that <strong>1a</strong> exhibits a relatively low rate of racemization under the mild reaction conditions. Subsequently, analogs of <strong>1a</strong> were synthesized and reduced with high enantioselectivity (ee > 99%) using HeCR and DbCR. Carbonyl reductases demonstrated excellent catalytic activity and stereoselectivity in the synthesis of 3-substituted-4-hydroxypiperidines with dual chiral centers, underscoring their potential for pharmaceutical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 26","pages":" 21133-21141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02485d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RSC AdvancesPub Date : 2025-06-26DOI: 10.1039/D5RA02730F
Sonia Soltani, Mokhtar Hjiri, Najwa Idris A. Ahmed, Anouar Jbeli, Abdullah M. Aldukhayel and Nouf Ahmed Althumairi
{"title":"Metal halide perovskites for energy applications: recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives","authors":"Sonia Soltani, Mokhtar Hjiri, Najwa Idris A. Ahmed, Anouar Jbeli, Abdullah M. Aldukhayel and Nouf Ahmed Althumairi","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02730F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02730F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have rapidly emerged as a leading class of materials for a wide range of energy applications, including photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, and energy storage systems. Their exceptional optoelectronic properties such as high absorption coefficients, long carrier diffusion lengths, and tunable bandgaps combined with their low-cost, solution-processable synthesis methods, position MHPs at the forefront of next-generation sustainable energy technologies. Despite these advantages, critical challenges remain, particularly concerning their long-term operational stability, environmental toxicity (especially due to the lead content), and scalability for industrial production. This review comprehensively examines recent progress in the synthesis and characterization of MHPs, focusing on key breakthroughs in materials design, processing techniques, and analytical tools that deepen our understanding of their structure property performance relationships. We also discuss the primary bottlenecks limiting commercial deployment and highlight emerging strategies to improve device durability, reduce ecological impact, and enhance compatibility with scalable manufacturing processes. Finally, we offer a forward-looking perspective on promising research directions aimed at expanding the applicability of MHPs beyond photovoltaics, including their potential roles in thermoelectric conversion, solid-state batteries, and advanced optoelectronic sensors, thereby underscoring their transformative potential in the future of clean energy technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 27","pages":" 21811-21837"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02730f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}