RSC AdvancesPub Date : 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1039/D5RA05842B
Jiajun Zhu, Guangsheng Liu and Duohui Huang
{"title":"Carrier-doping and strain driven tuning of magnetic properties in the p-orbital monolayer metal-free ferromagnet T-XN2 (X = Sb, Bi)","authors":"Jiajun Zhu, Guangsheng Liu and Duohui Huang","doi":"10.1039/D5RA05842B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA05842B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Two-dimensional non-metallic ferromagnetic states have attracted widespread attention due to their complete spin polarization, long spin relaxation times, and abundant availability, highlighting their potential applications in next-generation spintronic devices. Based on first-principles calculations, we predict the two-dimensional non-metallic ferromagnet T-XN<small><sub>2</sub></small> (X = Sb, Bi), which has a structure similar to T-MoS<small><sub>2</sub></small>. Calculations of thermodynamic, kinetic, and mechanical properties confirm that they possess good stability. Spin polarization results indicate that the ground state of monolayer T-XN2 is ferromagnetic, with its magnetism arising from the direct p-orbital interactions between N atoms, unlike conventional d/f orbital magnetic materials. Furthermore, the ferromagnetism retains good stability under strain engineering and carrier doping. These results suggest that the magnetic properties of monolayer T-XN<small><sub>2</sub></small> hold significant fundamental research implications and make it a potential candidate material for non-metallic ferromagnetic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 44","pages":" 36618-36624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra05842b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CRISPR/Cas13a-mediated interfacial cleaving of hairpin RNA reporter for PEAK1 nucleic acid sensing","authors":"Xiwei Zhuang, Zhihao Duan, Xue Ge, Yanling Wang, Yuan Gao, Jianlei Liu, Shaoxiong Zhou, Chijia Zeng, Feiyun Cui and Qin Zhou","doi":"10.1039/D5RA05024C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA05024C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Dysregulation of PEAK1 (pseudopodium-enriched atypical kinase 1) plays a critical role in various cellular processes, including cell migration, proliferation and survival. Its aberrant expression or activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, particularly cancer. Early detection allows for the development and application of targeted therapies that can inhibit PEAK1 activity, potentially improving treatment outcomes. This study provides a new method for early diagnosis of PEAK1 by utilizing the specific RNA cleavage ability of Cas13a combined with electrochemical sensing technology. CRISPR/Cas13 has <em>cis</em> cleavage activity and can specifically recognize and cleave target RNA. Subsequently, its <em>trans</em> cleavage activity is activated to non-specifically cleave other single stranded RNAs, resulting in detectable signal changes. In the experiments conducted, high sensitivity for detecting PEAK1 mRNA was achieved by optimizing the interface cleavage of the hairpin reporter probe (ReRNA) molecule. The linear detection range is from 1 pg μL<small><sup>−1</sup></small> to 10 ng μL<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, with a detection limit of 0.45 pg μL<small><sup>−1</sup></small>. In addition, the results showed that the developed biosensor has good repeatability, reproducibility, and stability, which provides a novel method for the early screening of PEAK1.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 43","pages":" 36514-36524"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra05024c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RSC AdvancesPub Date : 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1039/D5RA04433B
Huafeng Zhou, Jiayong Huang, Jian Su, Xiaowei Su, Qiujuan Chen, Rui Li, Yuxiao Zheng, Rui Chen and Lini Huo
{"title":"Design and synthesis of novel angular 4,5-pyranocoumarin fluorescent probes for detecting hydrazine and their applications","authors":"Huafeng Zhou, Jiayong Huang, Jian Su, Xiaowei Su, Qiujuan Chen, Rui Li, Yuxiao Zheng, Rui Chen and Lini Huo","doi":"10.1039/D5RA04433B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA04433B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Novel structured 4,5-pyranocoumarin-based fluorescent probes (<strong>2b</strong> and <strong>3c</strong>) were designed and synthesized for the selective detection of hydrazine hydrate (N<small><sub>2</sub></small>H<small><sub>4</sub></small>). The probes feature an extended conjugated system <em>via</em> a 3-aryl-substituted pyranocoumarin skeleton, with ester groups serving as recognition sites for N<small><sub>2</sub></small>H<small><sub>4</sub></small>. Probe <strong>3c</strong> demonstrated superior performance, exhibiting a 494% fluorescence enhancement at 460 nm with a detection limit of 0.03 μM, surpassing most reported coumarin-based fluorescent probes for hydrazine detection and the EPA safety threshold. Both probes exhibited high selectivity against 17 interferents (ions/biomolecules) and functioned effectively in complex matrices, including food samples (lettuce, rice) and vapor-phase detection <em>via</em> test strips. Probe <strong>3c</strong> achieved rapid (<5 min), pH-stable (pH 6–10) responses with visible color transitions (blue-green to green), while <strong>2b</strong> operated across a broader pH range (1–12). This work highlights pyranocoumarin scaffolds as promising platforms for designing intensity-responsive probes, combining synthetic novelty, sensitivity, and practicality for environmental and food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 43","pages":" 36525-36533"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra04433b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RSC AdvancesPub Date : 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1039/D5RA05294G
Kyong-Mi Kim, Yun-Sim Kim, Dok-Ho Hyon, Chol-Hyok Ri and Chol-Jun Yu
{"title":"First-principles study on enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance in Cs3Bi2I9/MoS2 heterostructure with interfacial defect engineering","authors":"Kyong-Mi Kim, Yun-Sim Kim, Dok-Ho Hyon, Chol-Hyok Ri and Chol-Jun Yu","doi":"10.1039/D5RA05294G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA05294G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hydrogen has been attracting continuously growing interest as a highly efficient and clean energy source for replacing fossil fuels in the future, and thus developing highly efficient photocatalytic materials for hydrogen evolution is much desirable. In this work, we study the structural, electronic and optical properties of heterostructures composed of the bismuth-based vacancy-ordered iodide double perovskite Cs<small><sub>3</sub></small>Bi<small><sub>2</sub></small>I<small><sub>9</sub></small> and a two-dimensional dichalcogenide 2H-MoS<small><sub>2</sub></small> monolayer without and with a vacancy defect using first-principles calculations. Our calculations demonstrate that the Cs<small><sub>3</sub></small>Bi<small><sub>2</sub></small>I<small><sub>9</sub></small>/MoS<small><sub>2</sub></small> heterostructures are energetically stable and induce an interfacial dipole moment, which is beneficial for the prevention of charge carrier recombination. Due to the proper band-edge alignment and the smallest Gibbs free energy difference for hydrogen adsorption, the defective interface with a Cs-vacancy (V<small><sub>Cs</sub></small>) is found to be the most promising for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Moreover, we find that the interfacial V<small><sub>Cs</sub></small> defect can be formed favourably under the I-rich/Cs-poor condition, where V<small><sub>I</sub></small> and V<small><sub>S</sub></small> formations are suppressed. This work provides a way to develop high-performance photocatalysts based on heterostructures composed of the Bi-based halide perovskites and transition metal dichalcogenides for hydrogen evolution from solar-driven water splitting.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 43","pages":" 36607-36617"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra05294g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RSC AdvancesPub Date : 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1039/D5RA05187H
Hamza Arif, Arfaa Sajid, Abid Ali, Nimra Ahmed, Munawar Iqbal, Salih Akyürekli, Murat Kaleli, Norah Alwadai, Umer Shafique and Arif Nazir
{"title":"Selective non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of dopamine using nickel molybdate nano-dots anchored on CNT fiber microelectrodes","authors":"Hamza Arif, Arfaa Sajid, Abid Ali, Nimra Ahmed, Munawar Iqbal, Salih Akyürekli, Murat Kaleli, Norah Alwadai, Umer Shafique and Arif Nazir","doi":"10.1039/D5RA05187H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA05187H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This research demonstrates the hydrothermal synthesis of α-nickel molybdate nano-dots (α-NiMoO<small><sub>4</sub></small>) and their fabrication on a carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF), serving as an electrocatalyst for non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of dopamine (DA). Several analytical techniques, such as, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were employed for morphological analysis, crystallinity and elemental composition analysis and characteristic bond vibration analysis of NiMoO<small><sub>4</sub></small>, respectively. The characterization revealed the presence of ∼10 nm α-NiMoO<small><sub>4</sub></small> nano-dots with a significant amount of NiO. The NiMoO<small><sub>4</sub></small>@CNTF electrode exhibited a remarkable sensitivity and selectivity towards DA, despite the presence of other interfering species, including glucose (Glu), uric acid (UA), ascorbic acid (AA), urea and NaCl. A comparative study of the bare CNTF and NiMoO<small><sub>4</sub></small>@CNTF electrode revealed the boosted capabilities of the fabricated flexible microelectrode with a sensitivity of 2.02 mA cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small> mM<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, a detection limit of 58.2 μM, and a quantitation limit of 0.176 mM, with a linearity range of 0.1–1.2 mM. In comparison, bare CNTF exhibited a sensitivity of 1.4 mA cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small> mM<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, a detection limit of 107 μM, and a quantitation limit of 0.321 mM, with a linearity range of 0.1–0.7 mM. The enhanced performance of NiMoO<small><sub>4</sub></small>@CNTF was attributed to an increase in the active sites due to the large surface area of the NiMoO<small><sub>4</sub></small> nano-dots, causing fast electron kinetics and improving the sensor's sensitivity and reliability. The outcomes of this study could foster innovation in designing electrochemical sensors based on metal molybdates/double metal oxides with carbon-based nanomaterials for sensing electroactive biomolecules through real-time medical analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 43","pages":" 36596-36606"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra05187h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RSC AdvancesPub Date : 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1039/D5RA05684E
Juan Zhao, HongRu Ai, Ju Guan and RenDao Wang
{"title":"Resistance model approach for gas separation in mixed-matrix membranes: progress and applications","authors":"Juan Zhao, HongRu Ai, Ju Guan and RenDao Wang","doi":"10.1039/D5RA05684E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA05684E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) exhibit both high permeability and selectivity, with the potential to surpass the Robeson upper bound, and are therefore a major focus of research on gas separation membranes. In this review, the basic assumptions and limitations of the widely used resistance model approach (RMA) for predicting the permeability of MMMs are discussed. Additionally, the practical application of the RMA in optimizing membrane structure design is introduced. By comparing prediction results with experimental data, the applicability of these models in predicting the permeability of MMMs is revealed. Finally, future development directions for the model are proposed. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and guidance for the design and optimization of high-performance gas separation membrane materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 44","pages":" 36656-36669"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra05684e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RSC AdvancesPub Date : 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1039/D5RA05086C
Thi-Ngoc-Mai Tran, Nguyen-Trung-Tien Dieu, Thi-Hong-No Nguyen, Van-Dung Le, Dinh-Tri Mai, Chi-Hien Dang, Cao-Hien Nguyen, Huynh Trong Phat and Thanh-Danh Nguyen
{"title":"Waste robusta coffee husk pectin: ultrasound-assisted extraction and applications in roselle flower marmalade and fruit coating","authors":"Thi-Ngoc-Mai Tran, Nguyen-Trung-Tien Dieu, Thi-Hong-No Nguyen, Van-Dung Le, Dinh-Tri Mai, Chi-Hien Dang, Cao-Hien Nguyen, Huynh Trong Phat and Thanh-Danh Nguyen","doi":"10.1039/D5RA05086C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA05086C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study demonstrates the valorization of robusta coffee husk as a sustainable source of pectin <em>via</em> ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The optimized process yielded 16.4% pectin with favorable gelling and physicochemical properties, comparable to commercial citrus pectin. In food application, incorporation of 0.5% coffee husk pectin into roselle marmalade, together with 1.0% citric acid and 50% sucrose, produced a desirable texture and sensory quality. In packaging application, the extracted pectin was blended with chitosan to form biofilms enriched with curcumin (CPC) or pomegranate peel extract (CPP). These composite films exhibited enhanced stability and antioxidant activity, with CPP showing the strongest effect. Postharvest trials confirmed that CPP coatings extended the storage of lychee and Japanese plum by reducing weight loss and preserving texture compared to CPC and uncoated controls. This work highlights the multifunctional potential of coffee husk-derived pectin as a food ingredient and active packaging material, contributing to waste upcycling and circular bioeconomy strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 44","pages":" 36625-36641"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra05086c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RSC AdvancesPub Date : 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1039/D5RA06192J
Anil C. Banerjee, Isaac T. Olowookere, Devon Cushing, Santiago T. Salamanca, Emily Knox, Teriana Jackson, Scott Bamonte, Abiodun Aderibigbe, Dilshan Silva and Steven L. Suib
{"title":"Hydroperoxyl-bicarbonate mechanism for low-temperature CO oxidation by PdO/CeOx/γ-Al2O3 mesoporous nanocatalysts","authors":"Anil C. Banerjee, Isaac T. Olowookere, Devon Cushing, Santiago T. Salamanca, Emily Knox, Teriana Jackson, Scott Bamonte, Abiodun Aderibigbe, Dilshan Silva and Steven L. Suib","doi":"10.1039/D5RA06192J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA06192J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Although substantial progress has been made in CO oxidation over supported noble metal catalysts, the development of an efficient Pd catalyst for complete CO oxidation below 150 °C still remains a challenge. In this study, a PdO/CeO<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small>/γ-Al<small><sub>2</sub></small>O<small><sub>3</sub></small> catalyst synthesized by wetness and vortex methods showed excellent activity with a T<small><sub>50</sub></small> of 80–90 °C and T<small><sub>100</sub></small> of 120 °C. The catalyst had a large surface area of 150 m<small><sup>2</sup></small> g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> and a pore diameter of 12 nm, which are characteristic of mesoporous materials. Pd(101), CeO<small><sub>2</sub></small>(111) and γ-Al<small><sub>2</sub></small>O<small><sub>3</sub></small> were identified by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. HRTEM images showed PdO(101) nanoparticles (1–5 nm) dispersed over the mesoporous support. The high activity and stability of the fresh and spent catalysts may be due to the dispersion of PdO nanoparticles, the synergistic effect of support–support interactions, and the presence of defective oxygen and adsorbed water on the surface of catalysts and dual supports generating reactive oxygen species. Some of the unique features and advances reported in this study include the identification of PdO(101) as the active center for CO and O<small><sub>2</sub></small> activation, hydroperoxyl and bicarbonate intermediates, reduction of CO, mass transfer limitations (MTLs) at lower temperatures even when conversions are increasing, and high intrinsic activity of the catalyst overpowering MTLs. This study shows the potential of an efficient and stable PdO/CeOx/γ-Al<small><sub>2</sub></small>O<small><sub>3</sub></small> catalyst for low-temperature CO oxidation under lean and dry conditions and the scope for further research on oxygen and CO activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 44","pages":" 36642-36655"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra06192j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Changes in tea exosome-like nanoparticles fermented by Aspergillus cristatus and the preventive effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","authors":"Meiling Guo, Chengwu Song, Jing Tang, Yiping Li, Zhaoxiang Zeng, Xiaoliu Hu, Xin Huang, Sha Wei, Cheng Chen, Yinping Tang, Rongzeng Huang and Shuna Jin","doi":"10.1039/D5RA03044G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA03044G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Research on dark tea-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (TELNs) and microbial fermentation-mediated modifications of TELNs remains limited. To comprehensively explore the fermentation-induced alterations in TELNs' physical properties, metabolic composition, and biological functions, a systematic investigation was conducted in this study. Particle size distribution, zeta potential, protein content, and particle concentration of TELNs were characterized and compared before and after <em>Aspergillus cristatus</em> (AC) fermentation using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA), respectively. Untargeted metabolomics was employed to profile metabolic changes, while functional assessment was performed in a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mouse model. As a result, AC fermentation significantly reduced the particle size of TELNs and increased their yield. It altered the overall metabolite profile of TELNs, and a total of 30 differential metabolites were tentatively identified, mainly including flavonoids, alkaloids, and lipids. Meanwhile, AC fermentation enhanced the blood-lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory abilities of TELNs in NAFLD mice. This study deepened the understanding of the molecular-level changes during tea fermentation, and offered a new perspective on the applications of dark tea or TELNs in the fields of food science and medical healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 43","pages":" 36504-36513"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra03044g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RSC AdvancesPub Date : 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1039/D5RA05896A
Fang Wang and Kai Hua
{"title":"Tetraimidazolium macrocycle: a versatile building block and precursor for box-type coordination cages","authors":"Fang Wang and Kai Hua","doi":"10.1039/D5RA05896A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA05896A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study describes a facile synthesis of the imidazolium-based cyclophane H<small><sub>4</sub></small>-<strong>1</strong>(PF<small><sub>6</sub></small>)<small><sub>4</sub></small> from 1-(1<em>H</em>-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1<em>H</em>-imidazole and 1,4-bis(bromomethyl)benzene, followed by anion exchange. Slipped π–π stacking interactions between the flexible cyclophane and aromatic sulfonate anions—including the 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate dianion (1,5-nds), 2,6-naphthalenedisulfonate dianion (2,6-nds), and 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonate dianion (2,7-nds)—induce one-dimensional (1D) self-assembly, forming nanochannels. Significantly, a metallocage, Ag<small><sub>4</sub></small>(<strong>1</strong>)<small><sub>2</sub></small>(PF<small><sub>6</sub></small>)<small><sub>4</sub></small> is derived from the corresponding tetraimidazolium salt <em>via</em> reaction with Ag<small><sub>2</sub></small>O and subsequent transmetalation. This cyclophane-based metallocage possesses an optimal size for binding acetonitrile and exhibits excellent selectivity for acetonitrile encapsulation, mediated by weak N⋯Ag interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 44","pages":" 36704-36709"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra05896a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}