RSC Advances最新文献

{"title":"Etching-induced morphological evolution of concave gold nanocubes for enhanced colorimetric sensing of cobalt ions based on Fenton-like reactions","authors":"Yi Yu, Qin Zou, Xinghua Xiang, Zhang Chen and Ling Lin","doi":"10.1039/D6RA00268D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6RA00268D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cobalt is an essential trace element for human growth and development, but both its deficiency and excess can cause adverse health effects. Herein, we develop a rapid, visual, and highly sensitive colorimetric sensor for Co<small>²⁺</small> detection using concave gold nanocubes (CGNs) as a novel probe based on a Fenton-like reaction-mediated etching mechanism. In the presence of H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> and Co<small>²⁺</small>, a Fenton-like reaction occurs and generates abundant superoxide radicals, which oxidize Au<small>⁰</small> on CGNs surface to generate Au(SCN)<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small>, leading to a morphological transformation from concave to spherical shapes. This process causes a significant reduction in the absorbance at 690 nm in the UV-vis spectrum of the sensor, while the absorbance at 535 nm increases apparently. Under optimized conditions (2.0 mM KSCN, pH 9.0, and a reaction time of 18 min), the sensor exhibits a good linear relationship between the absorbance ratio (<em>A</em><small>₅₃₅</small>/<em>A</em><small>₆₉₀</small>) and Co<small>²⁺</small> concentration over the range of 0.5–400 nM, with a linear regression equation of <em>A</em><small>₅₃₅</small>/<em>A</em><small>₆₉₀</small> = 0.00798<em>C</em><small>_{Co<small>₂</small>+}</small> + 0.6128 and <em>R</em><small>²</small> = 0.9906. Its limit of detection is 0.3 nM, surpassing that of most reported sensors, because of the high chemical activity and morphology-dependent optical properties of CGNs. This sensor shows excellent selectivity against common interfering ions (<em>e.g.</em>, Mn<small>²⁺</small> and Hg<small>²⁺</small>) and detects Co<small>²⁺</small> in real water samples with good recoveries. This study proves that CGNs are efficient probes for the development of sensitive assays, which hold great potential in food safety and environmental monitoring applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 26","pages":" 23280-23287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ra/d6ra00268d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of solid-state synthesized Pr0.55Sr0.45Mn1−xCrxO3 perovskites with x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15: Rietveld analysis and magnetic and magnetocaloric properties for magnetic refrigeration applications","authors":"A. Selmi, H. Ayed, Malek Gassoumi, W. Cheikhrouhou-Koubaa, E. K. Hlil and Abdelaziz Bouazizi","doi":"10.1039/D6RA02079H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6RA02079H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In the current study, the structural (X-ray diffraction (XRD)), magnetic, critical behavior and magnetocaloric properties of polycrystalline Pr<small>_0.55</small>Sr<small>_0.45</small>Mn<small>_{1−<em>x</em>}</small>Cr<small>_<em>x</em></small>O<small>₃</small> manganite samples (with <em>x</em> = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15) were investigated. All our samples were prepared from the stoichiometric powder mixtures of binary oxides <em>via</em> solid-state reactions at high temperatures. The compounds crystallized in an orthorhombic structure with the <em>Pnma</em> space group, according to the Rietveld refinement of the XRD pattern. All the samples exhibited a second-order FM-to-PM phase transition, according to the temperature and field-dependent magnetization measurements; however, the Curie temperature (<em>T</em><small>_C</small>) value decreased from 300 K to 275 K, as the Cr (% <em>x</em>) content increased from 0.00 to 0.15. Using Maxwell thermodynamic relations, the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in terms of maximum entropy change (−Δ<em>S</em><small>^max</small><small>_M</small>) and relative cooling power (RCP) was calculated with isothermal magnetization data around <em>T</em><small>_C</small>. In a magnetic field shift of 5 T, the highest values of the magnetic entropy change (−Δ<em>S</em><small>^max</small><small>_M</small>) were determined to be 3.8 J kg<small>⁻¹</small> K<small>⁻¹</small>, 3.63 J kg<small>⁻¹</small> K<small>⁻¹</small>, 3.87 J kg<small>⁻¹</small> K<small>⁻¹</small>, and 2.55 J kg<small>⁻¹</small> K<small>⁻¹</small> for <em>x</em> = 0.0, <em>x</em> = 0.05, <em>x</em> = 0.1, and <em>x</em> = 0.15, respectively. For <em>x</em> = 0.0, <em>x</em> = 0.05, <em>x</em> = 0.1, and <em>x</em> = 0.15 at 5 T, the highest value of the relative cooling power RCP was found to be 247 J kg<small>⁻¹</small>, 254.1 J kg<small>⁻¹</small>, 205.1 J kg<small>⁻¹</small>, and 201 J kg<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively. The RCP value of 254.1 J kg<small>⁻¹</small> (5% of chromium) was equivalent to 58% of the RCP value of gadolinium metal. Technically, the developed material is highly promising for magnetic refrigeration because of these significant values.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 25","pages":" 22829-22840"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ra/d6ra02079h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescence mechanism of poly(2-vinylnaphthalene) driven by local ordering and restricted motion","authors":"Qiannan Zhang, Pingchuan Sun and Baohui Li","doi":"10.1039/D6RA01104G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6RA01104G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The fluorescence mechanism of poly(2-vinylnaphthalene) (P2VN), exhibiting aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics, is systematically investigated through a combination of theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that, as a π-electron-rich AIE-active polymer, the emission of P2VN originates primarily from the locally ordered stacking of its naphthalene side groups. This ordered arrangement enhances through-space interactions (TSI), which promotes exciton delocalization and significantly increases the fluorescence intensity. Solid-state NMR studies further demonstrate that the restricted molecular motion of naphthalene units is another key factor governing the AIE behavior as it effectively suppresses non-radiative decay and thus improves emission efficiency and intensity. This work elucidates the dual roles of through-space interactions and restricted intramolecular motion in achieving high-efficiency luminescence, providing deeper insights into the AIE mechanism of fluorescent polymers. The findings offer a theoretical foundation for the design of novel luminescent materials beyond traditional conjugated systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 25","pages":" 22775-22783"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ra/d6ra01104g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poloxamer-based injectable hydrogels as matrices for localized anti-inflammatory drug delivery in meniscus injuries","authors":"Marta Tuszynska, Adriana Gonçalves, Joanna Skopinska-Wisniewska, Paula I. P. Soares and Anna Bajek","doi":"10.1039/D6RA02085B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6RA02085B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Poloxamer-based hydrogels, composed of thermoreversible triblock copolymers, are promising drug delivery systems due to their ability to transition from a liquid to a gel state at physiological temperatures, enabling minimally invasive injection and localized, sustained release of therapeutic agents. In this study, poloxamer hydrogels were prepared with diclofenac sodium salt and paracetamol as model anti-inflammatory drugs, and characterized for morphology, osmolarity, pH, and temperature sensitivity. Drug loading optimization was performed to ensure homogeneous dispersion, and release kinetics were evaluated by spectrophotometric analysis, with mathematical modeling used to describe and predict drug release mechanisms from the hydrogel matrix. The optimized poloxamer gels exhibited an appropriate sol–gel transition near body temperature (26–37 °C), stable pH, and osmolarity suitable for biomedical use. Drug release profiles showed controlled, sustained release of both diclofenac sodium and paracetamol over extended periods, with mathematical modeling indicating that diffusion-based mechanisms predominated in drug release from the hydrogel matrix, validating the system design for targeted, localized therapy. These findings demonstrate that poloxamer-based injectable hydrogels effectively deliver anti-inflammatory agents with controlled release, representing a versatile platform for localized drug delivery in regenerative medicine and orthopedic applications, particularly for intra-articular treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, thereby supporting improved therapeutic outcomes while minimizing systemic exposure and associated side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 23","pages":" 21333-21345"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ra/d6ra02085b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supramolecular gel-derived NiCo-N-doped porous carbon/CNT hybrid-modified separator enabling enhanced polysulfide redox kinetics and effective shuttle suppression in lithium–sulfur batteries","authors":"Kyu Sang Lee, Taeyoung Jung, Youngseul Cho, Godeung Park, Hyunsoo Lim, Seonmin Kim, Churl Seung Lee, Jun Ho Song and Yuanzhe Piao","doi":"10.1039/D6RA01599A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6RA01599A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In lithium–sulfur batteries, separator modification is a promising approach to suppress the migration of polysulfides and accelerate reaction kinetics. Herein, we propose a supramolecular gel pyrolysis-derived strategy to synthesize a NiCo-N-doped porous carbon/carbon nanotube hybrid (NiCo-NPC/CNT) for separator modification. The supramolecular gel-derived synthesis produces a three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon architecture that effectively anchors the NiCo alloy nanoparticles. Subsequently, the NiCo alloy nanoparticles act as catalysts to induce the <em>in situ</em> growth of carbon nanotubes during pyrolysis, thereby enhancing electrical conductivity and catalytic activity. These structural features synergistically promote physical adsorption and chemical catalytic ability, thereby accelerating the redox reactions of polysulphides. The NiCo-NPC/CNT-modified separator (NiCo-NPC/CNT@PP) cell exhibited remarkable rate capability (890.4 mAh g<small>⁻¹</small> at 3C) and cycling stability (649.0 mAh g<small>⁻¹</small> after 500 cycles at 1C). Furthermore, NiCo-NPC/CNT@PP shows excellent cycling stability under high sulfur loading (11 mg cm<small>⁻²</small>) and lean-electrolyte condition (6 µL mg<small>⁻¹</small>), retaining 269.6 mAh g<small>⁻¹</small> after 120 cycles at 0.2C.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 25","pages":" 22938-22948"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ra/d6ra01599a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergetic design of a sulfonated polyimide matrix anchored with phosphotungstic acid-loaded MOFs for enhanced fuel cell efficiency","authors":"Ragasudha Sudhakaran, Preethi Dayalan and Paradesi Deivanayagam","doi":"10.1039/D6RA01800A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6RA01800A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The H<small>₂</small>–O<small>₂</small> fuel cell performance of the synthesised sulfonated polyimide (sPI) membrane is significantly enhanced by incorporating a phosphotungstic acid-loaded MOF matrix into the polymer. The sPI polymer is synthesized using a chemical imidization method from its monomers. Herein, we prepare immobilized phosphotungstic acid on the metal organic frameworks of iron (HPW@MIL-100(Fe)) <em>via</em> a hydrothermal process. Composite membranes with varying filler loadings are fabricated using a solution-casting technique. The polymer sPI/HPW@MIL-100(Fe) composites exhibit enhanced physicochemical and electrochemical properties, surpassing those of the pristine sPI membrane. The electrostatic interactions between the polymer functionalities and the filler units are responsible for their performance in fuel cell applications. The membrane loaded with 4 wt% HPW@MIL-100(Fe) exhibits a high water uptake and ion exchange capacity of 21.86% and 1.92 meq per g, respectively. The proton conductivity reached 0.085 S cm<small>⁻¹</small> for this composite, but the performance declined beyond this loading due to aggregation. The fabricated MEA with 4 wt% HPW@MIL-100(Fe) delivers a power density of 216 mW cm<small>⁻²</small> during fuel cell testing. The resultant power output from the sPI/HPW@MIL-100(Fe) electrolyte membrane can be used for stationary applications operating within 150–220 mW cm<small>⁻²</small> power density range.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 25","pages":" 22794-22805"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ra/d6ra01800a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redox-programmable quantum dots for high-valence and strongly redox-active ion recognition: from reactivity windows to adaptive MXene platforms","authors":"Mohamed Abu Shuheil, Omar Fadaam, Roopashree R., Subhashree Ray, Baraa Mohammed Yaseen, Kavitha V., Renu Sharma, Aashna Sinha and Ahmad Mohebi","doi":"10.1039/D6RA01064D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6RA01064D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >High-valence redox-active ions, exemplified by species such as Fe<small>³⁺</small>, Cr(<small>VI</small>), Mn(<small>VII</small>), and Ag<small>⁺</small>, pose fundamental challenges for conventional sensing and recognition platforms due to their intrinsic chemical aggressiveness, narrow stability windows, and propensity for uncontrolled redox transformations. In this review, these chemically aggressive high-valence ions are the primary focus, while more moderately oxidizing species such as Cu<small>²⁺</small> are referenced only as comparative benchmarks for shifting MXene quantum dot (MQD) responses within a broader redox-activity spectrum. Despite the rapid progress in nanomaterial-based probes, a unified framework that connects ion valence chemistry, redox constraints, and nanoscale material design is still lacking. Here, we present the first comprehensive review that systematically integrates the thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of high-oxidation-state ions with quantum confinement – driven redox modulation specifically in MXene quantum dot (MQD) systems. This review begins by establishing the valence-driven reactivity windows that govern the accessibility and instability of high-valence ions, independent of specific material classes. Then, it elucidates how quantum confinement fundamentally reshapes redox responsiveness by discretizing energy states, localizing charge carriers, and amplifying surface-dominated interactions. Building on this foundation, MQDs are examined as redox-programmable platforms capable of translating aggressive ion reactivity into controlled optical signals and multifunctional responses, including detection, validation, and chemical intervention. Rather than emphasizing record detection limits, this review highlights design rules that govern when redox activity enhances functionality and when it undermines stability and interpretability. By reframing redox behavior as a programmable design parameter, this work provides a conceptual roadmap for next-generation adaptive sensing and remediation platforms targeting chemically complex, high-valence ion systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 25","pages":" 22841-22860"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ra/d6ra01064d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical interference effects with copper-doped mordenite for dilute methane emissions mitigation","authors":"Rebecca J. Brenneis, Audrey C. Parker, Elijah E. Martin, Eric P. Johnson, Annabella S. Wardle and Desiree L. Plata","doi":"10.1039/D5RA08547K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA08547K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Methane, a short-lived climate pollutant, has gained increasing attention as a key target for reducing the rate of global climate change in the next decades. Catalytic approaches have shown promise for low-level methane conversion, but tolerance to poisoning by anticipated interferents in target applications must be demonstrated. Here, we investigated the impact of known atmospheric components, such as water vapor, <em>n</em>C<small>₁</small>–<em>n</em>C<small>₅</small> alkanes, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and nitric oxide, on the efficacy of copper-doped mordenite catalysts for methane conversion. The results indicated that water vapor, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide can reduce methane conversion efficiency (up to 20%, 9%, and 30% over the 0–28,000 ppm H<small>₂</small>O, 0–30 ppm NO, and 0–10 ppm H<small>₂</small>S ranges, respectively), but this effect was mitigated by higher temperatures. In contrast, adding up to 20 ppm alkanes (100 ppm total alkanes) and up to 20 ppm ammonia exposure did not hinder methane conversion (<em>i.e.</em>, anticipated levels that might be expected in coal and dairy applications). Additionally, copper zeolites converted all light alkanes from effluent streams, dominantly to CO<small>₂</small>, illustrating a promising avenue for emission control from a low-cost, Earth abundant material. This study provides insights into the feasibility of copper-doped mordenite as a catalyst for reducing methane emissions in regimes with humidity, sulfur co-production (<em>e.g.</em>, lacustrine or coal enrichments), and a variety of nitrogen-containing substances (<em>e.g.</em>, dairy or combustion sources).</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 25","pages":" 22992-23004"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ra/d5ra08547k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular structure of titania-supported molybdena: in situ Raman and FTIR spectroscopy of distinct MoVIOx configurations dispersed on titania","authors":"Theocharis Kentri, Paraskevas Dimitropoulos, Konstantina Niavi, Eleana Kordouli and Soghomon Boghosian","doi":"10.1039/D6RA00034G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6RA00034G","url":null,"abstract":"<p > <em>In situ</em> Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, the former complemented by <small>¹⁸</small>O/<small>¹⁶</small>O exchange, are used to unravel the structural and configurational properties of the (MoO<small>_<em>x</em></small>)<small>_<em>n</em></small> phase dispersed on two TiO<small>₂</small> polymorphs (anatase and Degussa P25) at the temperature range of 430–120 °C and Mo surface density in the range of 0.5–5 Mo per nm<small>²</small> under oxidative dehydrated conditions. The dispersed (MoO<small>_<em>x</em></small>)<small>_<em>n</em></small> phase supported on titania is heterogeneous; at coverages below <em>ca.</em> 1 Mo per nm<small>²</small>, isolated species prevail. Under dehydrated conditions, three MoO<small>_<em>x</em></small> species occur on titania in either mononuclear or polynuclear form depending on the temperature and coverage: (i) Species-I with a tetrahedral-like mono-oxo configuration, O<img>Mo(–O–Ti)<small>₃</small> with <em>ν</em><small>_Mo<img>O</small> = 996–999 cm<small>⁻¹</small>; (ii) Species-II with a pyramidal-like mono-oxo configuration, O<img>Mo(–O–Ti)<small>₄</small> with <em>ν</em><small>_Mo<img>O</small> = 989–993 cm<small>⁻¹</small>; and (iii) Species-III with a di-oxo termination configuration with <em>ν</em><small>_s</small>/<em>ν</em><small>_as</small> = 980–983/965–971 cm<small>⁻¹</small>. Species-I is formed with the first order of priority and prevails at low coverages (&lt;1 Mo per nm<small>²</small>), while its formation ceases at higher coverages. Species-II prevails at coverages of and above 1 Mo per nm<small>²</small>, while it constitutes the building unit of the associated polynuclear (MoO<small>₅</small>)<small>_<em>n</em></small> domains at coverages higher than 2 Mo per nm<small>²</small>. Temperature cycling in the 430 °C → 250 °C → 175 °C → 120 °C → 430 °C sequence results in a reversible temperature-dependent Species-II ↔ Species-III transformation, mediated by the surface-retained water molecules. Species-II exhibits higher reactivity than Species-I, both with respect to surface-retained water molecules and hydrogen; the latter is judged from its subjection to facile <small>¹⁸</small>O/<small>¹⁶</small>O exchange. These results are important for tuning the configuration of dispersed MoO<small>_<em>x</em></small> sites on titania and designing MoO<small>_<em>x</em></small>/TiO<small>₂</small> catalysts at the molecular level.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 25","pages":" 23019-23036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ra/d6ra00034g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic and signal engineering of nitrogen-doped MXene quantum dots in electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence sensing platforms","authors":"Enas Daoud, Entidhar Jasim Mohammed, Roopashree R, Subhashree Ray, Baraa Mohammed Yaseen, Kavitha V, Renu Sharma, Aashna Sinha and Hadi Noorizadeh","doi":"10.1039/D6RA01114D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6RA01114D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nitrogen-doped MXene quantum dots (N-MQDs) have recently attracted considerable attention as low-dimensional nanomaterials for electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing owing to their high electrical conductivity, tunable electronic structure, abundant surface-active sites, and pronounced quantum confinement effects. Nitrogen incorporation enables effective regulation of charge density, energy-level alignment, and radical stabilization, which collectively control electron transfer kinetics and luminescence efficiency. Despite growing interest, a unified mechanistic understanding linking nitrogen doping, signal modulation, and sensing performance remains limited. This review systematically examines the mechanistic principles and signal engineering strategies of N-MQDs in electrochemical and ECL sensing platforms. Key aspects, including electronic structure modulation, charge-transfer pathways, radical-mediated ECL processes, surface-state regulation, and quantum confinement effects, are discussed to establish structure–property–signal relationships. Advanced signal modulation approaches, such as excitation-dependent emission, ratiometric and multichannel detection, temporal and kinetic control, environmental responsiveness, and coreactant-driven amplification, are comprehensively reviewed. Recent applications in biosensing and environmental analysis are also evaluated with emphasis on analytical performance and sensor architectures. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in N-MQDs for ECL sensing, highlighting synthesis strategies, electronic properties, sensing mechanisms, and emerging applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 25","pages":" 22806-22828"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}