RSC Advances最新文献

{"title":"Combinatorial sputtering of photoluminescent europium titanium oxide thin films†","authors":"Junfeng Chen, Jeff Rao and Adrianus Indrat Aria","doi":"10.1039/D5RA04076K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA04076K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Photoluminescent thin films were fabricated using a combinatorial physical vapour deposition (PVD) sputtering process, enabling rapid variation of europium oxide (Eu<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small>) in titanium dioxide (TiO<small>₂</small>) with concentrations varying from <em>x</em> = 0–1 in <em>x</em> = Eu/(Eu + Ti). Combinatorial sputtering enables synthesising samples with diverse compositions faster than traditional sol–gel, powder mixing, solvo/hydrothermal, and melt-quench processes. Post-heat treatment at 600 °C produced changes to the phase, structure and optical properties of the thin films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed vertically oriented columnar microstructures in samples with concentrations lower than <em>x</em> = 0.5, exhibiting a narrower average columnar width of about 50 nm after annealing at 600 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that TiO<small>₂</small> was in the anatase phase while Eu<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> crystallises in a monoclinic structure. The nanocrystalline grain size exhibits noticeable changes after annealing. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to study the photoluminescence of thin films. The excitation peak at 394 nm (<small>⁷</small>F<small>₀</small> → <small>⁵</small>L<small>₆</small>) measures spectral emissions, with the strongest emission at 613 nm (<small>⁵</small>D<small>₀</small> → <small>⁷</small>F<small>₂</small>).</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 33","pages":" 27415-27428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra04076k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encapsulation of nanoparticles with Xe adsorption sites into MOFs for enhanced Xe/Kr separation","authors":"Chunhui Wu, He Zhou, Xiaoling Wu, Huimin Xu, Youshi Zeng, Xinxin Chu and Wei Liu","doi":"10.1039/D5RA03389F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA03389F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Xenon (Xe) and krypton (Kr) are important gases with significant industrial and medical applications. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a promising class of sorbent materials for Xe/Kr separation. To enhance the Xe/Kr separation performance of MOFs, we develop a strategy to encapsulate Pt nanoparticles into MOFs to introduce strong Xe adsorption sites. Xe and Kr adsorption and separation studies show that Pt@UiO-66 exhibits 21% higher Xe uptake capacity and a 7% increase in Xe/Kr selectivity compared to UiO-66 due to the introduced Xe adsorption sites, despite the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area decreasing. These findings have led to an 88% extension of column breakthrough time during Xe/Kr separation under identical conditions. We further demonstrate that this approach can be extended to other MOFs with potential for Xe/Kr separation.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 34","pages":" 27526-27530"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra03389f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking porosity: structural tuning of urea-based MOFs via reaction parameter control†","authors":"Leili Esrafili, Ocean Cheung, Peter Adriaensens, Elien Derveaux, Lawson T. Glasby, Peyman Z. Moghadam and Christophe M. L. Vande Velde","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02649K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02649K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In the synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), efforts to increase the pore sizes by elongating linkers often result in interpenetration, a challenge that is exacerbated when functional groups are added. Urea groups and their derivatives play an important role in supramolecular chemistry by providing directional hydrogen bonding donor sites and are often considered “privileged groups”. Incorporating these moieties into MOFs allows for their spatial separation, a critical approach to enhancing their functional activity, simultaneously preventing interpenetration, and enlarging the pore size. In this study, we synthesized hydrophilic urea-functionalized MOFs using zinc ions and the ligands 4,4′-(carbonylbis(azanediyl))dibenzoic acid (L1) and 1,3-di(pyridin-4-yl)urea (L2). Different levels of interpenetration and pore size were produced by varying temperature and starting material concentrations. UA-1 and UA-2 displayed 4-fold interpenetration. Notably, UA-3 formed non-interpenetrated 1D hexagonal mesoporous channels with six urea groups around each hexagonal pore, making it the first example of a non-interpenetrated mesoporous urea MOF. This topology differs from existing RCSR representations. We also investigated the host–guest interactions when introducing various organic molecules into UA-3, using a combination of single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ss-NMR) spectroscopy. SCXRD provided insight into the amount and position of solvent molecules within the channels of the framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 34","pages":" 27531-27543"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02649k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mild synthesis of fused polycyclic 1,6-naphthyridin-4-amines and their optical properties","authors":"Ze Li, Dongfeng Zhang, Hanxun Wang, Haihong Huang, Maosheng Cheng and Hongyi Zhao","doi":"10.1039/D5RA03301B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA03301B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A mild and straightforward synthetic route to tri-, tetra-, and pentacyclic 1,6-naphthyridin-4-amines is presented. The protocol involves CF<small>₃</small>SO<small>₃</small>H- or H<small>₂</small>SO<small>₄</small>-mediated Friedel–Crafts-type intramolecular cycloaromatisation of 4-(arylamino)nicotinonitriles in which the cyano group acts as a one-carbon synthon. The transformation achieves good to excellent yields and can be performed on a gram scale. Additionally, the exploration of fluorescence properties of these compounds demonstrates their potential application as fluorophores.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 34","pages":" 27551-27557"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra03301b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of green copper silicate and zinc silicate nanoparticles: kinetic study and reaction mechanism determination","authors":"Ashraf A. Qurtam, Ibrahim Elbatal, Fahd A. Nasr, Ashraf A. Elgendy, Gharieb S. El-Sayyad and Ahmed I. El-Batal","doi":"10.1039/D5RA03834K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA03834K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The study explored an eco-friendly method to synthesize Cu silicate and zinc silicate nanoparticles (NPs) and characterize them using analytical instruments like transmission electron microscopy, DLS analysis, Zeta potential, EDX elemental analysis, and scanning electron microscopy with mapping. We tested how well Cu silicate and Zn silicate NPs can fight bacteria that cause wound infections and unicellular pathogenic fungi by checking their antimicrobial properties, the smallest amount needed to stop growth (minimum inhibitory concentration), and their ability to prevent biofilm formation. To investigate a potential mechanism of antimicrobial behavior, we applied the membrane leakage experiment. The generated Cu silicate and Zn silicate NPs have shown promising antimicrobial activity against all investigated bacteria and unicellular fungi. The MIC was calculated at a concentration of 39.062 μg mL<small>⁻¹</small>, and Cu silicate NPs created ZOI at a 27.0 mm where <em>S. aureus</em> could not grow, additionally Cu silicate NPs produced a 25.0 mm ZOI against <em>C. albicans</em> and MIC was 19.53 μg mL<small>⁻¹</small>, and a 19.0 mm ZOI against <em>E. agglomerans</em> and MIC was 19.53 μg mL<small>⁻¹</small>. <em>S. aureus</em> is more affected by Zn silicate NPs, showing a 41.0 mm ZOI and MIC was calculated at 19.53 μg mL<small>⁻¹</small>, followed by <em>C. albicans</em> with a 30.0 mm ZOI at 9.765 μg mL<small>⁻¹</small>, <em>E. agglomerans</em> with a 29.0 mm ZOI and MIC at 39.062 μg mL<small>⁻¹</small>, and <em>S. epidermidis</em> with a 28.0 mm ZOI at 19.53 μg/mL MIC. However, the promising results were obtained for <em>K. pneumoniae</em> (26.0 mm ZOI, 9.765 μg/mL MIC), <em>P. aeruginosa</em> (25.0 mm ZOI, 9.765 μg/mL MIC), and <em>E. coli</em> (21.0 mm ZOI, 19.53 μg/mL MIC). As a new era for combating some diseases' resistance in the biomedical areas, the encouraging results indicated that the generated nano-formula should be used against the harmful bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 33","pages":" 27429-27440"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra03834k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feature-rich fundamental properties of hydrogen-adsorbed armchair graphene nanoribbons: insights from first-principles calculations†","authors":"D. M. Hoat, Khuong Dien Vo, Ngoc Thanh Thuy Tran, Quoc Duy Ho, Minh Triet Dang, Huynh Anh Huy, Duong Trong Nhan and Duy Khanh Nguyen","doi":"10.1039/D5RA04327A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA04327A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Using first-principles calculations, we report on the notable structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of hydrogen-adsorbed 7-armchair graphene nanoribbons (7-AGNR) at various adatom concentrations and distributions. Key findings include optimal structural parameters, adsorption energies, one-dimensional electronic band structures, density of states (DOS), charge density distributions, charge density differences, and spin density distributions. Our results indicate that hydrogen atoms preferentially adsorb on the top sites of carbon atoms, with double-side adsorption being more stable than single-side adsorption. Even-hydrogenated 7-AGNR configurations behave as nonmagnetic semiconductors with varying bandgaps, while odd-hydrogenated configurations exhibit ferromagnetic behavior with different bandgaps. The number of unpaired hydrogen adatoms influences the magnetic moments of these configurations. Specifically, the magnetic moment can reach up to 7 <em>μ</em><small>_B</small> for complete single-side hydrogenation, while all other odd-hydrogenated configurations generally display a magnetic moment of 1 <em>μ</em><small>_B</small>. This behavior is attributed to the complex hybridization between hydrogen and carbon orbitals. This research highlights the potential of hydrogen-adsorbed 7-AGNR systems for applications in advanced electronics, optoelectronics, and spintronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 33","pages":" 27139-27153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra04327a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Glycyrrhetinic acid-modified redox-sensitive polymeric mixed micelles for tumor-specific intracellular delivery of cantharidin","authors":"Yu Hu, Tian Lan, Ji Li, Lingjun Li and Jizheng Song","doi":"10.1039/D5RA90091C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA90091C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Correction for ‘Glycyrrhetinic acid-modified redox-sensitive polymeric mixed micelles for tumor-specific intracellular delivery of cantharidin’ by Yu Hu <em>et al.</em>, <em>RSC Adv.</em>, 2024, <strong>14</strong>, 28753–28767, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA03171G.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 34","pages":" 27524-27525"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra90091c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of Ta and Ga doping effects on Li7La3Zr2O12 garnet electrolytes for advanced thermal battery applications†","authors":"Hyungu Kang, Heesook Roh, Jongseo Lee, Sang-Hyeon Park, Joohyeon Park, Heonjae Jeong, Hyun-Ki Yoon, Tae-Young Ahn and Yusong Choi","doi":"10.1039/D5RA03917G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA03917G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The paradigm shift from conventional molten-salt electrolytes to solid-state garnet-type Li<small>₇</small>La<small>₃</small>Zr<small>₂</small>O<small>₁₂</small> (LLZO) electrolytes in thermal batteries represents a critical advancement in high-temperature energy-storage systems. This study evaluated Ta- and Ga-doped LLZO electrolytes for FeS<small>₂</small>/Li–Si thermal batteries, focusing on their structural stability and electrochemical performance at 500 °C. While Ga-doped LLZO exhibited superior ionic conductivity at 25 °C, Ta-doped LLZO demonstrated exceptional high-temperature stability. Ta-doped LLZO cells achieved longer discharge durations and higher energy densities than Ga-doped LLZO cells, which is attributed to the retained cubic phase and minimised interfacial degradation. Conversely, Ga-doped LLZO exhibited cubic-to-tetragonal phase transitions, Ga precipitation, and formation of impurities such as Ga<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> and Li–Ga alloys, leading to 54% loss of ionic conductivity post-discharge. These results contribute valuable insights for the optimisation of solid-state electrolytes in thermal battery systems, suggesting that conventional room-temperature performance metrics may not translate directly to elevated-temperature operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 33","pages":" 27345-27355"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra03917g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, dielectric, optical, and magnetic properties of ferrite-double perovskites for potential industrial applications","authors":"Shubhashree Sahoo, Subhashree Mishra, Harshavardhan Chouhan, Nimai Charana Nayak, Bichitra N. Parida, R. Padhee, S. K. Parida and Rajanikanta Parida","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02892B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02892B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We report a comprehensive study of the structural, morphological, and electrical properties of the solid-state synthesized perovskite ceramic Bi<small>_0.5</small>Ca<small>_1.5</small>Fe<small>_0.5</small>Zr<small>_1.5</small>O<small>₆</small> (BCFZO). A rigorous preparation procedure was carried out, which involved the sintering of the pelletized material, followed by an extensive evaluation utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dielectric studies. The single-phase rhombohedral structure was confirmed by XRD refinement, and SEM demonstrated a clearly defined morphology with an average particle size of 42.068 μm. The investigation of electrical conductivity, which was clarified by Jonscher's universal power law, revealed information about the dynamics of charge carriers that displayed semiconductor behaviour. Intriguing polarization dynamics can be observed by dielectric studies, suggesting potential uses in energy storage. The consistency observed in the charge carrier relaxation process is underscored by the alignment of activation energy values derived from various analyses. The large dielectric constant along with its low loss value and direct optical band gap value of 2.61 eV, present encouraging opportunities for optoelectronic applications. The dielectric complexities of BCFZO open up new possibilities for its application in revolutionary technological fields. The antiferromagnetic behaviour of the transition metal substituted oxide perovskite is governed by the superexchange interactions between two half-filled overlapping atomic orbitals that participate during spin interchange, triggered by the replacement of Zr<small>⁴⁺</small> cations at the Fe<small>³⁺</small> cationic site. The larger value of the thermistor constant as observed in the analysis suggests the potential of this perovskite to be used as an NTC-type thermistor.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 34","pages":" 27467-27485"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02892b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laccase-immobilized biochar as a unique host matrix for electrochemical detection of gallic acid: a sustainable engineering approach†","authors":"Sona Mariam Thomas, Rijo Rajeev, Sariga, Libina Benny, Sandra Jose and Anitha Varghese","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02682B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02682B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >An electrochemical platform for the detection of organic persistent polyphenolic pollutant, gallic acid (GA), was fabricated using an enzyme-immobilization approach over acid-functionalized biochar (f-BC) modified carbon fiber electrode (CFP) electrode. The f-BC was synthesized from dried pineapple leaves and was characterised using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for analysing the physicochemical characteristics. The SEM image of Lac/f-BC/CFP confirmed the presence of a porous and granulated surface upon laccase immobilization, while the FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of C<img>O stretch and N–H bend, indicating amide bond formation. The acid treatment of biochar introduced –OH and –COOH groups that further aided in the successful immobilization of laccase <em>via</em> covalent bonding. The fabricated electrode could demonstrate a linear response within the concentration range of 0.012–40 μM and a low detection limit (LOD) of 9 nM with high selectivity. The fabricated electrode also showcased high practical utility as it could attain high recovery percentage during real sample analysis in tap, pond, sewage and industrial effluent samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 33","pages":" 26886-26896"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02682b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}