RSC Advances最新文献

{"title":"Direct cyanation reaction from benzoic acid to benzonitrile by paired electrosynthesis in liquid ammonia†","authors":"Yuki Maeda, Kiyoshi Sakuragi and Makoto Kawase","doi":"10.1039/D5RA01378J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA01378J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nitriles are essential intermediates in organic synthesis processes and are widely used in various industries. Several nitrile synthesis methods have been reported. Among these, the cyanation of carboxylic acids, which are abundant in nature, has attracted significant attention for the valorisation of biomass-derived components. However, these reactions require expensive catalysts, toxic reagents, and high-temperature/-pressure conditions. Herein, we propose a novel cyanation reaction of benzoic acid to benzonitrile, which is achieved by electrolysis in liquid ammonia at room temperature. In this reaction, benzoic acid is reduced to benzyl alcohol, and the iodide anion derived from the supporting electrolyte is oxidised to iodine. Following the electrochemical reactions, benzyl alcohol and iodine react chemically in liquid ammonia to form benzonitrile. The reaction is a paired electrosynthesis process because the products generated on the cathode (benzyl alcohol) and anode (iodine) react to form the final product (benzonitrile). The current efficiency of the electrochemical reduction of benzoic acid to benzyl alcohol and the conversion rate from benzyl alcohol to benzonitrile were 32% and 6% after 1 h of electrolysis, respectively. We also observed that the Pb cathode becomes porous during electrolysis, which facilitates the electrochemical reduction of benzoic acid. This novel reaction enables direct nitrile synthesis from carboxylic acids at room temperature without the use of toxic reagents or expensive catalysts. These findings confirm that the proposed reaction is a novel green cyanation method for carboxylic acids and provides new insights into electrochemical reactions in liquid ammonia for organic synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 22","pages":" 17562-17569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra01378j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in silver-based nanocatalysts for organic transformations and other applications: a comprehensive review (2019–2024)","authors":"Bhoomi Sachdeva, Nisha, Baby, Khushboo Aggarwal, Aarushi Singh, Kamlesh Kumari, Ramesh Chandra and Snigdha Singh","doi":"10.1039/D5RA00336A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA00336A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Over time, nanocomposites have revolutionized materials science, offering numerous applications in fields such as catalysis, environmental purification and treatment, biomedicine and various industries. Among these, silver-based nanocomposites are particularly notable for their remarkable stability, reusability, biocompatibility, and multifunctional medicinal properties. Hence, we present a comprehensive summary of recent developments (2019–2024) in silver-based nanomaterials, focusing on their applications across multiple domains, including catalytic organic transformations, biomedical uses, environmental remediation, and industrial sectors such as food packaging, agriculture and textiles. By highlighting recent advancements and emerging trends, we aim to provide a thorough understanding of the role of silver-based nanocomposites in contemporary science and technology, emphasizing their potential to drive innovation across diverse disciplines.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 22","pages":" 17591-17634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra00336a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Half-metallicity of novel halide double perovskites K2CuVCl6 and Rb2CuVCl6: application in next-generation spintronic devices","authors":"Mohammed El Amine Monir, Hadj Baltach, K. Bouferrache, M. Fatmi, M. A. Ghebouli, Faisal Katib Alanazi, B. Ghebouli, Maroua Imène Benamrani and Rabah Boudissa","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02811F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02811F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This work reports the determination of structural, electronic, half-metallic and magnetic properties of new double perovskites K<small>₂</small>CuVCl<small>₆</small> and Rb<small>₂</small>CuVCl<small>₆</small> using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbitals method incorporated in the WIEN2k code. The calculations performed for this prediction were framed using the density functional theory, and the exchange and correlation potential were described using the generalized gradient approximation of TB-mBJ (Tran–Blaha modified Becke–Johnson). The structural properties confirmed the stable ferromagnetic ground state of the two studied compounds. The equilibrium structural parameters, such as lattice constant (<em>a</em><small>₀</small>), bulk modulus (<em>B</em><small>₀</small>), their first pressure derivative (<em>B</em>′) and minimum of the total energy (<em>E</em><small>₀</small>), were determined for both the compounds. The electronic properties showed that the studied perovskite compounds were completely half-metallic materials. The half-metallic gap (<em>E</em><small>_HM</small>) values for the compounds were 1.119 eV (for K<small>₂</small>CuVCl<small>₆</small>) and 1.088 eV (for Rb<small>₂</small>CuVCl<small>₆</small>). The exchange-splitting energy (<em>Δ</em>(<em>d</em>)) was found to be large for both the compounds (<em>Δ</em>(<em>d</em>) = 3.482 eV for K<small>₂</small>CuVCl<small>₆</small> and <em>Δ</em>(<em>d</em>) = 3.380 eV for Rb<small>₂</small>CuVCl<small>₆</small>). The calculated total magnetic moments of the two studied materials indicated major contributions from V atoms and minor contributions from Cu atoms. Owing to p–d hybridization, feeble magnetic moments were exhibited by the non-magnetic K, Rb, Cu and Cl sites, while the atomic magnetic moment of V atoms decreased from its free space charge of 3.00 <em>μ</em><small>_B</small>.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 22","pages":" 17685-17694"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02811f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain effects on catalytic activity and stability of PdM nanoalloys with grain boundaries†","authors":"Junpeng Wang, Tao Jin, Longfei Guo, Zhen Li, Chongyang Wang, Shuang Shan, Quan Tang, Bowei Pan and Fuyi Chen","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02127H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02127H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Formate has emerged as a promising liquid hydrogen carrier for fuel cell applications, yet the kinetic limitations and stability issues of catalysts for formate dehydrogenation (FDH) and oxidation (FOR) remain challenging. Through systematic density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we computationally investigated how strain engineering modulates the electronic structure and catalytic behavior of PdM<small>₃₈</small> and PdM<small>₇₉</small> nanoalloys (M = Ir/Ag). Our theoretical models revealed that Ir atoms exhibit surface segregation driven by hydrogen/oxygen adsorption, effectively alleviating core lattice strain. Compressive strain was computationally observed to induce a negative shift in the d-band center of surface Pd sites. First-principles calculations identified core–shell PdIr and Janus-type PdAg configurations as optimal candidates, demonstrating enhanced theoretical activity for both FDH and FOR. This improvement was attributed to the elevated hydrogen adsorption free energy at Ir-enriched surfaces. By establishing a correlation between atomic strain, electronic structure, and catalytic descriptors, this computational study provides a theoretical framework for designing strain-engineered Pd-based catalysts, highlighting the critical role of element-specific segregation patterns in optimizing formate-based hydrogen storage systems as a hydrogen carrier and fuel.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 22","pages":" 17317-17329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02127h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, electrical, and optical properties of NiO films for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy applications","authors":"Long Nguyen Hoang, Le Huu Bao and Tran Le","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02866C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02866C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study investigates the structural, electrical, and optical properties of NiO thin films deposited by DC sputtering in an Ar/O<small>₂</small> atmosphere with varying oxygen concentrations. As the O<small>₂</small> content increases, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis reveals a higher concentration of Ni vacancies and Ni<small>³⁺</small> ions, resulting in lower resistivity and a slight reduction in crystal quality. Among the samples, the film grown at 50% oxygen (NiO-50) exhibits the best combination of properties for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), including balanced crystallinity, surface roughness, and high hole concentration. Current–voltage (<em>I</em>–<em>V</em>) measurements and Raman spectra using Rhodamine 6G (10<small>⁻⁹</small> M) confirm that the SERS enhancement is driven by an electron transition mechanism. The calculated enhancement factor of 9.6 × 10<small>⁸</small> for the NiO/Si substrate surpasses previously reported values. These results position NiO-50 as a promising SERS-active material and provide insights into tuning NiO film properties for enhanced sensing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 22","pages":" 17365-17376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02866c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on “Part I: determination of a structure/property transformation mechanism responsible for changes in the point of zero change of anatase titania with decreasing particle size” by M. Leffler, A. Mirich, J. Fee, S. March and S. L. Suib, RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 30543","authors":"Johannes Lützenkirchen, Bahram Hosseini Monjezi and Marek Kosmulski","doi":"10.1039/D5RA01865J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA01865J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The work mentioned in the title of this comment appears to establish a relationship between the point of zero charge of oxide minerals (anatase, goethite, and others) and particle size. While the methods to establish the point of zero charge used in the experimental work of the paper are non-standard and need to be critically assessed, the apparent increase of the point of zero charge with particle size is clearly not a general feature and some literature data observed by standard methods for measuring points of zero charge actually suggest the absence of a universal trend. Since part II of article series (<em>RSC Adv.</em>, 2024, 14, 30317) also builds on this apparent relationship, we believe readers should be cautioned about it. The comment discusses the issues in more detail.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 22","pages":" 17248-17254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra01865j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of novel N-(2-(pyrazin-2-yl-oxy)ethyl)-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzamide scaffolds, and biological evaluation and molecular docking studies†","authors":"Venkata Konda Prasad. B, G. Venkata Haritha, Kavati Shireesha, Kumara Swamy Jella, Dharavath Ravi and Ajmeera Ramesh","doi":"10.1039/D5RA00879D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA00879D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A new series of biologically potent <em>N</em>-(2-(6-substituted-1<em>H</em>-pyrazin-2-yloxy)ethyl)-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzamide scaffolds was synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by <small>¹</small>H NMR, <small>¹³</small>C NMR, and mass spectrometry. All the synthesized molecules were tested against antibacterial activity against various pathogenic microorganisms and exhibited remarkable activity. Compounds <strong>12a</strong> and <strong>13a</strong> exhibited good antibacterial activity against pathogenic cell lines, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>. Additionally, synthesized molecules <strong>12a</strong> and <strong>13a</strong> were screened for anticancer activity against the A549 (lung cancer) cell line. These compounds displayed excellent anticancer activity with IC<small>₅₀</small> values of 19 + 0.50 μM, 17 ± 0.5 μM, A549 (lung cancer). Molecular docking studies results were well supported by strong intercalative interactions of the synthesized compounds with target proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 22","pages":" 17290-17301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra00879d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing binder-free 3D thermal networks with hexagonal boron nitride of varying sizes to enhance polydimethylsiloxane composites: a comparative study†","authors":"Liping Han, Hu Sun, Wei Li, Li Liu, Guoyou Gan, Zhuo Qian and Junpeng Li","doi":"10.1039/D5RA01204J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA01204J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >As electronic devices become more compact and power-dense, the demand for efficient thermal management materials continues to rise. To address the common issues in conventional thermally conductive composites—namely, poor filler dispersion, high interfacial thermal resistance caused by binders, and complex fabrication processes—this study proposes a novel strategy for constructing binder-free three-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride thermal networks (3D BN) within a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. By leveraging the decomposition behavior of ammonium bicarbonate (NH<small>₄</small>HCO<small>₃</small>), this approach enables the fabrication of composites with enhanced thermal conductivity and simplified processing. The 3D BN/PDMS composites were prepared <em>via</em> a straightforward process involving blending, cold pressing, drying, and vacuum impregnation. Characterization and testing reveal that the 3D BN thermal network and BN particle size are critical factors influencing the composites' TCs. The resulting 3D BN/PDMS composites exhibit an outstanding TC of 3.889 W m<small>⁻¹</small> K<small>⁻¹</small> when the BN particle size is 20 μm and the filler content is 40.70 vol%. This study offers a novel approach to designing and developing high-performance thermally conductive composites, with significant potential for practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 22","pages":" 17388-17396"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra01204j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal deprotection: a sustainable and efficient strategy for synthesising α-polylysine adsorbents†","authors":"Xuchen Jin and Paul D. Thornton","doi":"10.1039/D5RA00641D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA00641D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >α-Polylysine (PLys) is a versatile, renewable, and biodegradable polymer with extensive amine functionality and water-solubility, making it an ideal candidate for critical applications such as heavy metal adsorption and beyond. However, conventional synthesis of linear PLys relies on toxic reagents for side-chain deprotection, raising environmental and safety concerns that hinder its commercial scalability and sustainability. In this work, we introduce a groundbreaking, environmentally friendly method for PLys production using thermal deprotection of fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected PLys. This innovative approach eliminates the need for hazardous deprotection agents, offering a greener and more cost-effective alternative. Beyond the synthesis of homopolymeric PLys, we extend this method to create α-polylysine-<em>b</em>-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-<em>b</em>-PLys) block copolymers using thermal deprotection, showcasing their superior performance in removing Pb<small>²⁺</small> ions from aqueous solutions. Our results not only advance sustainable polymer synthesis but also demonstrate the potential of thermally driven deprotection to revolutionise wastewater treatment technologies and expand the scope of PLys applications in environmental remediation and other critical industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 22","pages":" 17397-17404"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra00641d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective metal ion recognition via positional isomers: fluorescent chalcone-1,2,3-triazole hybrids for Co(ii) and Cu(ii) detection†","authors":"Riddima Singh, Gurleen Singh, Nancy George, Gurjaspreet Singh, Pallavi Markan, Harminder Singh, Gurpreet Kaur and Jandeep Singh","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02187A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02187A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study reports the synthesis of three positional isomers (<strong>6a–6c</strong>) of chalcone-tethered 1,2,3-triazoles <em>via</em> the Cu(<small>I</small>)-catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The synthesized probes were comprehensively characterized using FTIR, <small>¹</small>H and <small>¹³</small>C NMR, and mass spectrometry. Their potential as metal ion sensors was evaluated through UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, revealing high selectivity and sensitivity toward Co(<small>II</small>) and Cu(<small>II</small>) ions. The probes <strong>6a–c</strong> exhibited low limits of detection (LoD): 1.64 μM (Co(<small>II</small>)) and 3.19 μM (Cu(<small>II</small>)) for ortho isomer (<strong>6a</strong>), 2.08 μM (Co(<small>II</small>)) and 2.30 μM (Cu(<small>II</small>)) for meta substituted (<strong>6b</strong>), and 1.81 μM (Co(<small>II</small>)) and 1.17 μM (Cu(<small>II</small>)) for para-substituted (<strong>6c</strong>) 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. Job's plot analysis confirmed a 1 : 1 metal–ligand complex formation. To further elucidate binding interactions, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were conducted, employing B3LYP/6-31G+(d,p) for free probes and B3LYP/LANL2DZ for their metal complexes. The combined experimental and theoretical results establish a robust and selective sensing platform for Cu(<small>II</small>) and Co(<small>II</small>) detection, with promising applications in environmental monitoring and analytical chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 22","pages":" 17349-17364"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02187a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}