RSC Advances最新文献

{"title":"Micro/nano-robotic medical device: preparation, actuation mechanisms and their applications in medicine","authors":"Junteng Yao, Yonghui Yang, Meijuan Li and Xue-Bo Chen","doi":"10.1039/D5RA05398F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA05398F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hydrogels feature a unique three-dimensional crosslinked network integrated with responsive chemical functional groups, enabling them to undergo structural and functional transitions under various external stimuli, including chemical energy, temperature, light, pH, ultrasound, magnetic fields, and ions. These transformations arise from mechanisms such as molecular conformational changes, bond formation or cleavage, and ion exchange. Recent advances in micro/nanorobotics have led to the development of hydrogel-based micro/nano-robotic medical devices that combine excellent biocompatibility with multi-modal actuation, allowing adaptation to diverse environments and precise task execution. This review summarizes current progress in hydrogel micro/nano-robotic medical device research, with a focus on multi-drive synergistic strategies and advantages of composite hydrogel designs. Fabrication techniques, driving mechanisms, and biomedical applications—including targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, and <em>in vivo</em> imaging—are discussed. Finally, the major challenges in clinical translation are analyzed, and possible solutions are proposed to facilitate future practical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 45","pages":" 37728-37775"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra05398f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"l-Proline·H2SO4: a sustainable ionic liquid as a catalyst for the tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols in water","authors":"Stability Nongrum and Ghanashyam Bez","doi":"10.1039/D5RA04126K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA04126K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A highly environmentally adaptable and green method is developed for the tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols in water, catalyzed by an ionic liquid, <small>L</small>-proline·H<small>₂</small>SO<small>₄</small>, derived from nature's chiral pool. The tetrahydropyranylation of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols was accomplished within an hour at room temperature. The catalyst was equally efficient for the deprotection of tetrahydropyranyl ethers in the presence of methanol to give the corresponding alcohols in quantitative yields. The method invites further attention due to the reusability of the <small>L</small>-proline·H<small>₂</small>SO<small>₄</small> ionic liquid in water (as the reaction medium); it could be reused up to six times without any processing after each batch. The efficacy of the method was also established by carrying out the reaction at the multigram level, achieving excellent transformation without any loss of catalytic activity. Significantly low process mass intensity (2.99) and E-factor (1.97) in the synthesis of tertrahydropyranyl ether demonstrate the remarkable green compliance of the protocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 45","pages":" 37532-37537"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra04126k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidation-free nanoscale optomechanical sensor incorporating a triangular truss resonator for crosstalk-free bimodal pressure and temperature sensing","authors":"Abdullah Taharat, Mohammad Abrar Kabir, Aseer Imad Keats, A. K. M. Rakib and Rakibul Hasan Sagor","doi":"10.1039/D5RA04668H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA04668H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Recently, we have witnessed significant advancements made by researchers in using silver-based Metal–Insulator–Metal (MIM) plasmonic devices for their improved performance. However, the practical applicability of these sensors is still under scrutiny. Very few studies have been conducted looking for alternative approaches to improve the viability of deploying these sensors for use in challenging operational conditions. This paper articulates a novel MIM-based dual-function optomechanical sensor utilizing oxidation-free gold as the plasmonic material, capable of sensing pressure and temperature in parallel. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this marks the first instance of investigating an optical MIM pressure sensor using oxidation-resistant gold as the plasmonic material. The proposed sensor consists of a Triangular Truss Resonator (TTR) and a pair of Rectangular Cavities (RCs) coupled to a straight waveguide. The TTR is utilized for sensing pressure, while the RCs are responsible for detecting temperature variations. Employing the Finite Element Method (FEM), we numerically investigated the device's transmission spectrum, which comprised two independent resonant wavelengths, namely mode 1 and mode 2, enabling dual-function sensing capabilities with distinct and independent responses. The sensor demonstrates a notable pressure sensitivity of 77.1 nm MPa<small>⁻¹</small>, along with a temperature sensitivity of 0.488 nm °C<small>⁻¹</small>. Its impressive performance metrics, coupled with the use of oxidation-resistant gold, not only ensure enhanced performance and stability of the sensor but also offer a significantly extended operational lifespan. These traits highlight the sensor's potential for real-world applications in diverse scenarios, positioning it as a compelling candidate for substituting oxidation-prone silver and finding its use in real-world innovative optomechanical sensing platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 45","pages":" 37660-37672"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra04668h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-time exploitation of Pranlukast's intrinsic fluorescence: a novel cetrimide-enhanced spectrofluorimetric platform for pharmaceutical, plasma, and content uniformity analysis","authors":"Omkulthom Al kamaly, Lateefa A. Al-Khateeb, Michael K. Halim, Galal Magdy and Ahmed Emad F. Abbas","doi":"10.1039/D5RA05505A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA05505A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A novel, eco-friendly, and highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for the quantification of Pranlukast (PNK) based on its intrinsic native fluorescence without the need for derivatization or fluorescent labeling. The method employs micellar enhancement with cetrimide to achieve a strong fluorescence signal at <em>λ</em><small>_ex</small> = 286 nm and <em>λ</em><small>_em</small> = 418 nm. Linearity was obtained in the range of 100–800 ng mL<small>⁻¹</small> (<em>r</em><small>²</small> = 0.9993), with limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 9.87 and 29.91 ng mL<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively. The method demonstrated excellent precision (RSD% &lt; 2.0), high accuracy (mean recovery 99.2–101.4%), and selectivity in pharmaceutical formulations and spiked human plasma, with an application range of 150–600 ng mL<small>⁻¹</small> encompassing the clinically relevant <em>C</em><small>_max</small> (467 ng mL<small>⁻¹</small>). Mechanistic investigations (fluorescence profiling, Stern–Volmer analysis, and lifetime measurements) confirmed that fluorescence enhancement arises from micellar incorporation and protection against collisional quenching. Moreover, a comprehensive greenness profile was assessed using multiple tools: NEMI (fully green), GEMAM (7.487), VIGI (80), CFA (0.002 kg CO<small>₂</small> per sample), and the RGBfast index (85), yielding a high overall sustainability score of 89%. The method contributes significantly to 11 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), offering a greener and more cost-effective alternative to conventional chromatographic procedures that typically rely on hazardous solvents and time-consuming steps. This work introduces the first spectrofluorimetric approach for PNK, offering advantages of simplicity, low cost, high sensitivity, and environmental sustainability compared to previously reported UV and chromatographic methods. The method's limitation lies in its reliance on a micellar medium, which may require optimization for other surfactants or biological matrices.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 45","pages":" 37684-37704"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra05505a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"pH-responsive doxorubicin-loaded Artemisia argyi carbon dots: enhanced targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma","authors":"Ruilong Jia, Ping Liu, Yanli Gong, Yuting Gao, Yajun Xiong, Xiaoyong Song, Jinglin Peng, Meiqi Lan and Xinli Shi","doi":"10.1039/D5RA05688H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA05688H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a lethal form of liver cancer within the gastrointestinal tract, demonstrates dismal survival rates and challenging treatment prospects. Doxorubicin (DOX) continues to be extensively employed as a chemotherapeutic drug for hepatocellular carcinoma in clinical practice. Nevertheless, its lack of selective targeting leads to non-specific killing of normal healthy cells, thereby inducing severe adverse reactions. Carbon dots (CDs) with biocompatibility and low toxicity have attracted much attention in cancer treatment. We demonstrate an eco-friendly and straightforward synthesis of CDs with superior biocompatibility <em>via</em> a hydrothermal method, utilizing <em>Artemisia argyi</em> as the carbon precursor, and doxorubicin-loaded carbon dots (CDs–DOX) provide a novel strategy for liver cancer treatment. Compared with DOX, CDs–DOX showed more significant anti-tumor advantages. CDs–DOX enhanced the relative abundance of <em>A. muciniphila</em> in the intestinal microbiota, reshape the homeostasis of intestinal flora in mice, and significantly enhance the intestinal barrier function. The antitumor effects of CDs–DOX against HCC involve regulation of pivotal genes and alteration of the tumor microenvironment. In addition, CDs–DOX significantly reduce DOX heart and liver toxicity, reduce treatment-related adverse reactions, and provide a safer and more efficient new strategy for combined treatment of tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 45","pages":" 37645-37659"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra05688h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Magnetized chitosan hydrogel and silk fibroin, reinforced with PVA: a novel nanobiocomposite for biomedical and hyperthermia applications","authors":"Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan, Zeinab Pajoum, Hooman Aghamirza Moghim Aliabadi, Adibeh Mohammadi, Amir Kashtiaray, Milad Salimi Bani, Banafshe Pishva, Ali Maleki, Majid M. Heravi, Mohammad Mahdavi and Elaheh Ziaei Ziabari","doi":"10.1039/D5RA90112J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA90112J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Correction for ‘Magnetized chitosan hydrogel and silk fibroin, reinforced with PVA: a novel nanobiocomposite for biomedical and hyperthermia applications’ by Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan <em>et al.</em>, <em>RSC Adv.</em>, 2023, <strong>13</strong>, 8540–8550, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA00612C.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 45","pages":" 37538-37539"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra90112j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Situ kinetic analysis of perovskite halide exchange via laser trapping spectroscopy","authors":"Md. Jahidul Islam, Saiful Islam and Md. Hafizul Islam","doi":"10.1039/D5RA06340J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA06340J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study investigates the use of optical tweezers as a precise and non-invasive tool for probing chemical reaction kinetics, focusing specifically on halide exchange reactions in hybrid perovskite systems. A continuous-wave, tightly focused 1064 nm near-infrared laser beam was utilized to establish optical trapping conditions that precisely confine and manipulate the reaction interface between a methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr<small>₃</small>) microcrystal and a methylammonium iodide (MAI) solution. Upon laser irradiation, bromide ions within the perovskite lattice were progressively substituted by iodide ions, enabling controlled Br-to-I halide exchange. This compositional evolution was monitored in real time <em>via</em> optical spectroscopy by tracking the bandgap shift of the perovskite, which decreased from 2.29 eV (characteristic of pure MAPbBr<small>₃</small>) to 2.02 eV, confirming the formation of a mixed-halide phase, MAPb(Br<small>_{1−<em>x</em>}</small>I<small>_<em>x</em></small>)<small>₃</small> (0 ≤ <em>x</em> ≤ 1). Kinetic analysis of the bandgap evolution reveals a zero-order reaction behavior with a rate constant of 1.0 × 10<small>⁻⁶</small> M min<small>⁻¹</small> and a calculated half-life of approximately 55 minutes. These findings demonstrate that optical tweezers can serve not only as a micromanipulation tool but also as an effective platform for <em>in situ</em> kinetic studies in solution-phase reactions. The approach enables detailed investigation of microscale reaction dynamics, delivering high spatial accuracy and second-scale temporal resolution for continuous monitoring of slow-evolving processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 45","pages":" 37597-37608"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra06340j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Er-intercalated Ti3C2Tx MXene electrocatalyst for efficient energy conversion","authors":"Shamaila Fatima, Irfan Ali, Aumber Abbas, Azhar Ali Haidry and Syed Rizwan","doi":"10.1039/D5RA05111H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA05111H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >For sustainable green hydrogen production, bifunctional catalysts must rival or surpass precious metal electrocatalysts in water splitting. MXenes, with their rich surface chemistry, unique physicochemical properties, and stability, have emerged as promising candidates. However, achieving balanced hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen evolution (OER) activity in a single medium remains challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis of Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> MXene and erbium intercalated (Er@Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small>) nanocomposites as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting in alkaline media. The Er@Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> catalyst demonstrates outstanding HER performance, requiring only 256 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> with a Tafel slope of 102 mV dec<small>⁻¹</small>, while also exhibiting superior OER activity with an overpotential of 381 mV at 10 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> and a Tafel slope of 157 mV dec<small>⁻¹</small>. Electrochemical tests were conducted in 1 M KOH using an Ag/AgCl reference electrode and a Pt wire as the counter electrode. Chronoamperometry confirmed long-term stability and durability. Structural and morphological analyses conducted using XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy verified the successful intercalation of Er while preserving the 2D MXene structure. A notable increase in <em>d</em>-spacing from 8.9 Å (pristine MXene) to 12.2 Å (Er@Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small>) further confirmed erbium (Er) incorporation. Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed reduced charge-transfer resistance, highlighting enhanced kinetics and efficiency for water-splitting reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 44","pages":" 37379-37390"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra05111h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of borylated-stilbenes under environmentally friendly Wittig reaction and interaction studies with HSA","authors":"Pedro H. V. Vontobel, Eduam O. Boeira, Jessie S. da Costa, Legna Colina-Vegas and Angélica V. Moro","doi":"10.1039/D5RA05162B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA05162B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Herein we report the Wittig reaction conducted under environmentally friendly conditions for the synthesis of borylated analogues of resveratrol. For the synthesis of analogues featuring the boronic ester functional group, we developed a micellar aqueous method that yielded borylated-stilbenes in good yields with a low diastereomeric ratio. To circumvent this low selectivity, we employed an isomerization reaction, which provided borylated stilbenes with high selectivities (≥95 : 05). For synthesizing analogues containing the benzoxaborole and boronic acid functional groups, a biphasic toluene-water system emerged as the optimal reaction medium. Three functionalized stilbenes-bearing boronic ester, benzoxaborole, and boronic acid interact with a single binding site on HSA, with the benzoxaborole derivate exhibiting the highest affinity. Based on thermodynamic analysis, boronic ester and the benzoxaborole derivate bind to HSA <em>via</em> hydrophobic interactions, whereas the boronic acid derivate binds <em>via</em> electrostatic forces.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 44","pages":" 37474-37481"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra05162b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Push–pull heterocycles and beyond: recent developments in absorption, emission, and ICT properties","authors":"Manel Essid and Ehsan Ullah Mughal","doi":"10.1039/D5RA06623A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA06623A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Heterocyclic scaffolds represent a cornerstone in the development of advanced organic materials owing to their tunable electronic structures and diverse photophysical properties. Recent studies have demonstrated significant progress in the design and synthesis of heterocyclic chromophores, particularly focusing on their absorption and emission behaviors, donor–acceptor interactions, intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), and solvent-dependent spectral shifts. In this review, we present for the first time a comprehensive summary of the literature reported during 2024–2025, covering a wide range of systems including indole–coumarins, 3-cyano-2-pyridones, tetracyanobuta-1,3-diene (TCBD) derivatives, highly annulated boron-dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) and pyrimidine-based boron complexes. Key discussions emphasize how structural modifications, solvent polarity, and push–pull effects influence band gaps, bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts, fluorescence quantum yields, and near-infrared (NIR) emission properties. By correlating structure–property relationships, this review provides important insights into molecular design strategies and highlights the potential of heterocyclic chromophores as promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronic, sensing, and photonic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 45","pages":" 37609-37644"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra06623a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}