RSC Advances最新文献

{"title":"The VVBlue assay: a plate-readable, dye exclusion-based cell viability assay for the toxicological testing of chemicals†","authors":"Marianne Vitipon, Esther Akingbagbohun and Thierry Rabilloud","doi":"10.1039/D4RA08606F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA08606F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A viability test for <em>in vitro</em> cultures, based on the intake of the textile dye alphazurine A by dead cells and its exclusion by viable cells, is described. This test uses the affinity of alphazurine A for proteins, so that the dye is retained in dead cells even after rinsing, while its anionic character prevents it from entering live cells. This feature makes this dye exclusion test amenable to a reading in a plate format. The alphazurine viability test provides an indicator of the absolute number of dead cells present in the culture well. To reach a cell viability index, a “dead cells” control (<em>e.g.</em> cells killed with ethanol) must be added. We also describe a double viability test, which first uses the alphazurine assay to provide the number of dead cells then a crystal violet assay to provide an index of the number of cells present in the plate. This double test provides a complete appraisal of the situation in the cell culture wells, and has been compared to other viability tests such as propidium iodide exclusion or tetrazolium reduction. Its performances to study the toxicity of substances such as pigments are also established, and allowed us to publish the first public toxicological data on the recently described Pigment Blue 86.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 23","pages":" 17885-17896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d4ra08606f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicomponent Hosomi–Sakurai reaction on chiral, bio-based, alcohols†","authors":"Chiara Lambruschini, Asunción Barbero, Alberto Cherubin, Lisa Moni, Lorenzo Palio, Renata Riva and Luca Banfi","doi":"10.1039/D5RA03165F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA03165F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The multicomponent Hosomi–Sakurai reaction, which gives homoallyl ethers from aldehydes, trimethylsilyl ethers and allyltrimethylsilane, was thoroughly studied using a bio-based aldehyde (protected 5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxyaldehyde) along with trimethylsilyl ethers derived from a variety of (mainly bio-based) alcohols. For comparison, a reactive aromatic aldehyde was also employed. These studies helped to identify the optimal conditions for each aldehyde and provided insight into the scope and limitations of this relatively underexplored multicomponent reaction, one of the few that can incorporate alcohols as diversity inputs.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 23","pages":" 17897-17905"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra03165f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing G-quadruplex-based DNA nanotechnology: new lipophilic DNA G-quadruplexes with TBDPS modifications†","authors":"Maria Marzano, Maria Grazia Nolli, Stefano D'Errico, Andrea Patrizia Falanga, Monica Terracciano, Principia Dardano, Luca De Stefano, Gennaro Piccialli, Nicola Borbone and Giorgia Oliviero","doi":"10.1039/D5RA01033K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA01033K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study introduces a novel class of highly lipophilic DNA G-quadruplexes (G4s) obtained by installing the lipophilic <em>tert</em>-butyldiphenylsilyl group (TBDPS) at both ends of 5′-CG<small>_<em>n</em></small>-3′-3′-G<small>_<em>n</em></small>C-5′ oligonucleotides (ONs), where <em>n</em> = 1 or 2, featuring a 3′-3′ inversion of polarity, thus obtaining symmetric (TBDPS-5′-CG<small>_<em>n</em></small>-3′-3′-G<small>_<em>n</em></small>C-5′-TBDPS)<small>₄</small> lipophilic G4s after annealing in K<small>⁺</small>-containing buffer. The new 5′-bis-conjugated TBDPS-ONs were synthesized using a tailored solid-phase approach, where the first nucleoside (dC) was linked to the polymeric support <em>via</em> the exocyclic amino group of the nucleobase. The effect of the presence of the TBDPS groups on G4 formation, stability, and propensity to form supramolecular G4 aggregates was assessed using <small>¹</small>H NMR, circular dichroism (CD), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses. The results demonstrate that the presence of four TBDPS groups at the 5′-ends of the G4 strands enhances the stability of the G4s, enabling their formation even at low K<small>⁺</small> concentration (20 mmol L<small>⁻¹</small>). We report the formation of the smallest tetramolecular G4 observed to date, [(TBDPS-5′-CG-3′-3′-GC-5′-TBDPS)<small>₄</small>], which contains only two G-tetrads. Notably, this structure did not form when using the corresponding oligonucleotide sequence lacking the TBDPS groups, even at high K<small>⁺</small> concentrations (up to 1 mol L<small>⁻¹</small>). Furthermore, the lipophilic shells located at the 5′-faces of the G4 structures promote the formation of submicrometric coffee bean-like aggregates composed of G4 units. These novel lipophilic G4s exhibit two key features: high structural symmetry and a tunable balance between their lipophilic (TBDPS groups) and hydrophilic (oligonucleotide strands) moieties. This tunability allows for precise modulation of both the extent and the properties of the resulting supramolecular assemblies. These findings provide valuable insights into developing G4-based systems in DNA nanotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 23","pages":" 17933-17945"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra01033k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A calcium–copper-based zeolite with dual functions of hemostatic and antibacterial properties†","authors":"Mingtao Wang, Yifeng Shi, Jianrong Huang, Liping Xiao and Jie Fan","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02291F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02291F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Wound treatment is a complex and lengthy process that involves rapid hemostasis in the early stage and the prevention of bacterial infection in the later stage. Generally, these two functions are separately achieved by different materials or medicines, thereby causing a lot of inconvenience and pain to patients. In this work, four calcium–copper-based zeolites (CaCuZ) with zeolite P, Y, X, and A structures were fabricated from corresponding sodium-based zeolites <em>via</em> ion exchange. Among these materials, the material with a zeolite P structure possesses better hemostatic performance than those with zeolite X and zeolite Y structures, and it shows improved antibacterial performance compared with the materials containing zeolite A and zeolite X structures. When the copper content of the CaCuZ material with the zeolite P structure is in the range of 0.64–6.30 mg g<small>⁻¹</small>, the clotting time of blood plasma is less than 2.5 min, the bacteriostasis rates against <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) are higher than 95%, and there is no obvious cytotoxicity towards 3T3 cells. A satisfactory balance in the clotting time, bacteriostasis, and cytotoxicity is achieved in this material, and the material integrates excellent hemostatic and antibacterial properties, offering great application prospects in wound treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 22","pages":" 17819-17828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02291f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the developments in adsorbents for the efficient adsorption of ibuprofen from wastewater","authors":"Ahmer Ali Siyal, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, Faizan Ahmad, Marlinda Abdul Malek, Majed Alsubih, Rashid Shamsuddin, Sajid Hussain and Sabariah Musa","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02007G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02007G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This paper critically evaluates the recent advancements in developing adsorbents to remove ibuprofen (IBU) from wastewater. Adsorbent characteristics, their performance in removing IBU from wastewater in batch and column studies, the adsorption kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics, and mechanisms, adsorbent regeneration, continuous adsorption, and future challenges are included in this paper. Activated carbons, nanomaterials, metal–organic frameworks, biochar, and other adsorbents have been developed to remove IBU from wastewater. Most adsorbents were mesoporous, while some were macro- and microporous, and they contained acidic and basic functional groups. Adsorbents' surface areas range from 2.38 to 2900 m<small>²</small> g<small>⁻¹</small>, pore sizes from 0.0195 to 87.3 nm, and pore volumes from 0.006 to 14.48 cm<small>³</small> g<small>⁻¹</small>. The adsorption capacity ranged between 0.220 mg g<small>⁻¹</small> to 497.3 mg g<small>⁻¹</small>, with Cu-doped Mil-101(Fe) and <em>Albizia lebbeck</em> seed pods activated carbon (MSAC) adsorbents achieving the highest and lowest adsorption capacities. The optimal pH of 2–8, dose of 0.012–10 g L<small>⁻¹</small>, IBU concentration of 0.07–200 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>, and the equilibrium time of 0.083–120 h were obtained. The pseudo-second order and Langmuir isotherm models generally fit the data, showing that IBU was adsorbed through the chemisorption process by producing a monolayer of IBU onto the adsorbent, and the thermodynamics described the adsorption of IBU as a spontaneous and endothermic or exothermic process. The IBU was adsorbed through various mechanisms such as electrostatic interactions, π–π interactions, pore filling, pore diffusion, π–π EDA interactions, hydrogen bonding, and Yoshida interactions. More focus should be put on developing highly efficient, economical, green, and regenerable adsorbents that can adsorb multiple drugs from wastewater. Mass transfer adsorption kinetics should be studied to better understand adsorption processes, and artificial intelligence technologies should be utilized in IBU removal from wastewater to anticipate the adsorption capacity of adsorbents. This review serves as a guide in enhancing the performance of adsorbents in removing pharmaceuticals from wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 23","pages":" 17843-17861"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02007g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galactose-modified erythrocyte membrane fusion liposomes enable the targeted delivery of drug nanoparticles to the liver","authors":"Jiayu Song, Huanhuan Zhang, Xiaohui Zhang, Meiying Liu, Dan Peng, Yuan Ren, Yan Sun and Yunlan Li","doi":"10.1039/D4RA07489K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA07489K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The safe and efficient delivery of chemicals and biologics remains crucial for liver disease therapy. In this study, we developed a targeted drug delivery system utilizing a galactose-modified erythrocyte membrane coating technique and drug liposome nanoparticles, which were further optimized using orthogonal experiments and response surface analysis. The specificity, precision, accuracy, and stability exhibited satisfactory performance in bioanalytical analysis. Specifically, targeting ligands (Gal-DSPE-PEG3400) were efficiently inserted into red blood cell (RBC) membranes using a facile insertion method. When Gal-DSPE-PEG3400-RBC was fused with fenofibrate liposome nanoparticles (FNB-Lip) by co-extrusion, the resulting galactose-modified erythrocyte membrane fusion liposome nanoparticles (Gal-RBC-FNB-Lip) showed long-term stability, excellent biocompatibility, prolonged retention time, and superior liver accumulation and therapeutic efficacy. These qualities make it suitable for effective drug delivery. The findings of this study will provide a fundamental basis for research and development of liver-targeted drugs and offer novel insights into the treatment of clinical liver diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 22","pages":" 17781-17794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d4ra07489k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study on the influence mechanism of He/Ar/N2 plasma treatments on the high tensile stress of a multilayer silicon nitride film","authors":"Jianping Ning, Zhen Tang, Yue Sun, Chunjie Niu, Jichi Yang and Dayu Zhou","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02111A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02111A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Silicon nitride films with high tensile stress have great application potential in the strained silicon technology field. However, the current understanding of the mechanisms governing tensile stress development in films, particularly in multilayered structures, following diverse plasma treatments remains limited. Herein, the influence mechanism of He, Ar, and N<small>₂</small> plasma bombardment on the development of stress in monolayer and multilayer films is investigated and compared in greater depth. The results of this research indicate that the observed increase in tensile stress is primarily attributed to the enhancement of the film's intrinsic stress induced by plasma bombardment. Following bombardment by N<small>₂</small> or Ar plasma, the rupture of Si–H and N–H bonds, accompanied by the reconstruction of Si–N bonds, leads to densification through chemical bond reorganization in the treated surface layer. This structural evolution propagates stress coupling effects to non-treated regions, resulting in anisotropic lattice displacement along the normal and in-plane directions, thereby significantly enhancing the tensile stress of the film. Compared with the monolayer film, multilayer films treated with N<small>₂</small> and Ar plasma exhibited 41.80% and 32.78% higher stress, respectively. In contrast, multilayer films treated with He plasma exhibited a gradual transition from tensile to compressive stress, which can be attributed to residual He formed during the plasma treatment process. At the initial stage of deposition, the residual He can increase the nitrogen content within the film by generating metastable reactive species. This reduces the cross-linking density of the Si–N network, leading to volumetric expansion and subsequent compression of the underlying structure. These findings can provide theoretical guidance for the preparation of high-tensile-stress multilayer SiN<small>_<em>x</em></small>:H films.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 23","pages":" 17875-17884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02111a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational analysis of LiMgI3: a promising material for solar energy conversion†","authors":"Md. Raihan Kabir, Nazmul Shahadath, Md. Tarekuzzaman, Md. Abu Bakkar Siddique, O. Alsalmi, Md. Rasheduzzaman, Md Abdul Qader, M. Moazzam Hossen and Md. Zahid Hasan","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02550H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02550H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This work employs density functional theory (DFT) using CASTEP to investigate the structural, electronic, and optical properties of cubic LiMgI<small>₃</small> as an absorber material. The lattice parameters we examined match quite well with earlier theoretical results, and the phonon dispersion confirmed its dynamic stability. The electronic band structure and density of states (DOS) revealed that LiMgI<small>₃</small> is a semiconductor, with band gaps of 1.162 eV using the GGA method and 1.922 eV using the HSE06 hybrid functional. Optical properties were evaluated within the photon energy range of 0–14 eV, key optical characteristics-such as absorption coefficient, reflectivity, refractive index, dielectric response, optical conductivity, and energy loss, all indicating excellent light-harvesting potential. To assess its device applicability, SCAPS-1D simulation software was used to model various solar cell architectures with LiMgI<small>₃</small> as the absorber. A total of 60 configurations combining different electron transport layers (ETLs) such as WS<small>₂</small>, IGZO, TiO<small>₂</small>, ZnO, ZnS, and PCBM, and hole transport layers (HTLs) like Cu<small>₂</small>O, CuO, CBTS, CuI, P3HT, PEDOT:PSS, CuSCN, Spiro-OMeTAD, PTAA, and CdTe were evaluated. The ITO/WS<small>₂</small>/LiMgI<small>₃</small>/Cu<small>₂</small>O/Ni structure yielded the best performance, with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.73%, open circuit voltage (<em>V</em><small>_OC</small>) of 1.495 V, a short circuit current (<em>J</em><small>_SC</small>) of 15.78 mA cm<small>⁻²</small>, and fill factor (FF) of 87.81%. This study analyzes how absorber and electron transport layer (ETL) thickness affect key photovoltaic parameters. It also examines the valence band offset (VBO) and conduction band offset (CBO) characteristics of different ETLs. The study further investigates the impact of series and shunt resistances, temperature, quantum efficiency (QE), capacitance–voltage (<em>C</em>–<em>V</em>) Characteristics, generation–recombination response, current density–voltage (<em>J</em>–<em>V</em>) characteristics, and impedance spectra on improving device performance. The exceptional photon capture efficiency of LiMgI<small>₃</small> perovskite solar cells (PVSKs) holds significant potential for advancing photovoltaic and optoelectronic device technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 23","pages":" 17906-17932"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02550h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical pretreatment of a glassy carbon electrode for sensitive determination of epinephrine†","authors":"Tong Meng, Yanshu Zhu, Hangyu Guo and Juan Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02123E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02123E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, a novel pretreatment of a glassy carbon electrode was conducted <em>via</em> cyclic voltammetry (CV), successfully fabricating an activated glassy carbon electrode (AGCE). A simple two-step electrochemical pretreatment method was established. During the first stage, anodic oxidation pretreatment was achieved by potentiometric scanning across a wide potential range and at a high anodic potential. The reduction stage was subsequently executed through potentiometric scanning within a narrow potential window at a reduced anodic potential. Field atomic force microscopy (AFM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and CV were utilized to characterize the morphology and properties of the pretreated electrodes. The results indicate that the AGCE possesses a rough surface and exhibits increased oxidation peak currents and decreased overpotential during epinephrine (EP) oxidation. Quantitative determination of EP was performed <em>via</em> linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), revealing that the AGCE can effectively recognize EP in a wide range of interferences, spanning a broad linear range of 0.1–8, 8–100, and 100–700 μM. The detection limit (DL) was 0.032 μM. The AGCE exhibited favorable selectivity, stability, and reproducibility in the detection of EP.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 23","pages":" 17946-17954"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02123e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successive paired electrochemical late-stage modification of niclosamide a common anthelmintic drug. A green protocol for the synthesis of new drug-like molecules†","authors":"Haniya Rezaei, Davood Nematollahi, Niloofar Mohamadighader and Farideh Lotfipour","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02025E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02025E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Drugs based on salicylanilides such as niclosamide are of particular interest to medicinal chemistry researchers. They exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including anticancer and antiviral activities. Niclosamide is a common oral anthelmintic that has the potential to be an antiviral and anticancer drug. However, two characteristics of it, including poor oral bioavailability and high cytotoxicity, have limited its use. The synthesis of new niclosamide analogs is an attempt to overcome these limitations. The electrochemical behavior of niclosamide shows that the drug can be reduced and then oxidized at the cathode and anode, respectively. This property, along with the special capabilities of electrosynthesis methods, makes it possible to obtain unique niclosamide analogs. In this study, novel niclosamide analogs were synthesized <em>via</em> successive paired electrolysis of niclosamide in the presence of arylsulfinic acids as nucleophiles. The results show that niclosamide is converted to the desired product (5-chloro-<em>N</em>-(2-chloro-4-(phenylsulfonamido)phenyl)-2-hydroxy benzamide) after reduction and oxidation steps and reaction with the nucleophile. In the synthesized niclosamide analogs, a sulfonamide moiety is attached to the drug molecule. This work presents a green method for the synthesis of new niclosamide analogs without the need for catalysts, reductants or oxidants under mild conditions in a one-pot process.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 22","pages":" 17803-17810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02025e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}