RSC Advances最新文献

{"title":"Nanoporous platinum microelectrode arrays for neuroscience applications†","authors":"Nicolai Winter-Hjelm, Leik Isdal, Peter A. Köllensperger, Axel Sandvig, Ioanna Sandvig and Pawel Sikorski","doi":"10.1039/D4RA08957J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA08957J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microelectrode arrays are invaluable tools for investigating the electrophysiological behaviour of neuronal networks with high spatiotemporal precision. In recent years, it has become increasingly common to functionalize such electrodes with highly porous platinum to increase their effective surface area, and hence their signal-to-noise ratio. Although such functionalization significantly improves the electrochemical performance of the electrodes, the impact of various electrode morphologies on biocompatibility and electrophysiological performance in cell cultures remains poorly understood. In this study, we introduce reproducible protocols for depositing highly porous platinum with varying morphologies on microelectrodes designed for neural cell cultures. We also evaluate the impact of morphology and electrode size on the signal-to-noise ratio in recordings from rat cortical neurons cultured on these electrodes. Our results indicate that electrodes with a uniform layer of highly nanoporous platinum offer the best trade-off between biocompatibility, electrochemical, and electrophysiological performance. While more microporous electrodes exhibited lower impedance, nanoporous electrodes detected higher extracellular signal amplitudes from neurons, suggesting reduced distance between perisomatic neuronal areas and the electrodes. Additionally, these nanoporous electrodes showed fewer thickness variations at their edges compared to the more porous electrodes. Such edges can be mechanically broken off during cell culturing and contribute to long-term cytotoxic effects, which is highly undesirable. We hope this work will contribute to better standardization in creating and utilizing nanoporous platinum microelectrodes for neuroscience applications. Improving the accessibility and reproducibility of this technology is crucial for enhancing the quality of electrophysiological data and advancing our understanding of neuronal network function and dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 8","pages":" 5822-5836"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d4ra08957j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism study of a novel modified mesoporous silicon-based NiT50/MCM-41 adsorbent for the selective adsorption of methylene blue from water†","authors":"Baojuan Luo, Menghan Zhang, Nana Zhou, Yongxin Fu, Xiaoxun Ma and Chengyi Dai","doi":"10.1039/D4RA08300H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA08300H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, a new silica-based adsorbent strategy was developed to achieve a high adsorption capacity and high <strong>MB</strong> adsorption selectivity by impregnating a cationic [Ni(tepa)]<small>²⁺</small> complex on a negatively charged silicon carrier, MCM-41. When the [Ni(tepa)]<small>²⁺</small> loading was 50%, the <strong>MB</strong> adsorption capacity of the silicon-based adsorbent (NiT<small>₅₀</small>/MCM-41) could reach 130 mg g<small>⁻¹</small>, which was much higher than that of the original silicon-based MCM-41 adsorbent (23 mg g<small>⁻¹</small>). Interestingly, NiT<small>₅₀</small>/MCM-41 exhibited excellent <strong>MB</strong> adsorption selectivity in binary mixed dye solutions (<strong>MB</strong>/<strong>R6G</strong>, <strong>MB</strong>/<strong>RhB</strong>, and <strong>MB</strong>/<strong>MO</strong>). The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm followed a second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir adsorption model, respectively. Experimental results showed that the aqueous solution of [Ni(tepa)]<small>²⁺</small> can provide an alkaline environment to promote the deprotonation of Si–OH on the surface of silicon dioxide to form SiO<small>⁻</small>, which makes the surface negatively charged, and [Ni(tepa)]<small>²⁺</small> effectively occupies these negatively charged sites through Coulomb interactions to better accommodate the cationic complex [Ni(tepa)]<small>²⁺</small>. Structural characterization and analysis confirmed that the NiO<small>_<em>x</em></small> and NiC<small>_<em>x</em></small> components were successfully introduced in the mesoporous channels of the silicon-based adsorbent through heat treatment, enabling the cationic dye to be immobilized on the silicon-based adsorbent through Lewis acid–base interaction, which effectively improved the adsorption capacity and adsorption selectivity towards <strong>MB</strong>.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 8","pages":" 5737-5749"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d4ra08300h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a rapid sensor system for nitrate detection in water using enhanced Raman spectroscopy","authors":"Xintao Xia, Guiyan Yang, Hongwu Tian, Fengjing Cao, Fan Luo and Daming Dong","doi":"10.1039/D4RA08516G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA08516G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nitrate is a primary source of nitrogen pollution in aquatic environments, making timely monitoring of its levels in surface and drinking water essential for environmental protection and public health. Conventional laboratory methods are time-consuming and require specialized expertise, while chemical electrode-based online detection systems are hindered by challenges—such as frequent calibration and ion cross-interference—which limits their suitability for long-term monitoring. To address these limitations, a novel nitrate detection method, utilizing an enhanced Raman spectroscopy device, was developed to rapidly detect nitrate in water. The incorporation of an optical feedback mechanism significantly improved detection sensitivity, achieving a detection limit of 2.89 mg per L N, with single sample analysis completed in under one minute. Furthermore, a compact and portable detection system was designed by integrating the Raman enhancement device with a handheld Raman spectrometer, which was successfully validated using real-world environmental water samples. The proposed nitrate detection system features a streamlined user design and user-friendly operation, offering an innovative approach for rapid water pollution detection and early warning. It also provides a foundation for establishing continuous online monitoring systems for water quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 8","pages":" 5728-5736"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d4ra08516g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immobilization of soybean peroxidase enzyme on hierarchical zeolite-ordered mesoporous carbon nanocomposite and its activity†","authors":"Prabhu Azhagapillai, Karthikeyan Gopalsamy, Israa Othman, Nada I. Alhatti, Mohammad Abu Haija and Syed Salman Ashraf","doi":"10.1039/D4RA07503J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA07503J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Immobilization of enzymes on inorganic supports such as silica and carbon materials is an effective approach for chemical surface modification. In this work, hierarchical zeolite (HZ-SAPO's) materials were fabricated by a modified method, and mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) was synthesized using the SBA-15 mesoporous silica as a template. A variety of biocatalysts was prepared using HZ-SAPO with CMK to furnish the nanocomposite biocatalyst. The functionalization of amine group with APTES was done which was further immobilized by Soybean Peroxidase (SBP) enzyme. The material was subjected to a comprehensive characterization process utilizing numerous systematic methods, including X-ray diffraction, N<small>₂</small> adsorption–desorption isotherms, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmittance electron microscopy, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The pH effect on the immobilized enzyme was examined and compared to that of SBP. Further, the assessment of repeated usability of immobilized SBP with successive cycles was carried out.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 8","pages":" 5781-5794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d4ra07503j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional modification and antibacterial evaluation of orthodontic adhesives with poly (lysine)-derived carbon dots","authors":"Linlin Xu, Qianqian Zhang, Yongzhi Xu, Xuecheng Xu, Mingchang Hu, Jidong Xu, Yu Song and Yuanping Hao","doi":"10.1039/D4RA08710K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA08710K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Fixed appliances used in orthodontic treatment make oral hygiene difficult to maintain, leading to bacterial adhesion around brackets and consequently resulting in white spot lesions (WSLs). After the bracket debonding, the residual adhesive is difficult to remove precisely due to its appearance similar to tooth enamel. In this study, we successfully synthesized small-sized and highly active PL-CDs by one-pot pyrolysis using ε-poly-<small>L</small>-lysine as a precursor. It was incorporated into orthodontic adhesives for multi-function modification. Based on our experimental results, the 3 wt% PL-CDs modified orthodontic adhesive exhibited excellent antibacterial properties and color identifiability. The addition of 3 wt% PL-CDs did not affect the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of the adhesive, and the cell survival rate was up to 80%. Therefore, this study provides a new strategy to solve the two major problems of enamel white spot and adhesive removal in the process of fixed orthodontics, and has important clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 8","pages":" 5876-5888"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d4ra08710k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitive determination of valganciclovir via Ni–Co multilayer nanowire-modified carbon paste electrode","authors":"Maedeh Malekzadeh, Amir Abbas Rafati and Ahmad Bagheri","doi":"10.1039/D4RA08155B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA08155B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study presents the development of an electrochemical sensor based on a carbon paste electrode modified with nickel–cobalt multilayer nanowires (Co–Ni(MLNW)/CPE) for the detection of valganciclovir, an antiviral drug. The sensor was fabricated using an electrochemical deposition method, and its electrochemical behavior was investigated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The influence of pH on the sensor's performance was extensively studied, revealing that the redox reaction of valganciclovir (VGCV) involves proton exchange, making pH optimization crucial. The results demonstrated that the sensor exhibited a wide linear range from 0.1 to 2000 nM, with a low detection limit of 0.03 nM at pH 7, the optimal condition for VGCV detection. Additionally, the sensor showed excellent stability, reproducibility, and selectivity, with negligible interference from common ions and biological molecules. The sensor's applicability was further validated through the determination of VGCV in human plasma samples, achieving a high recovery rate of 97.9%. These findings indicate that the proposed Co–Ni(MLNW)/CPE sensor is a promising tool for the accurate, sensitive, and reliable determination of VGCV in clinical and pharmaceutical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 8","pages":" 5837-5849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d4ra08155b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revitalizing Li–S batteries: the power of electrolyte additives","authors":"Derek Ovc-Okene, Lakshmi Shiva Shankar, Alen Vizintin and Robert Kun","doi":"10.1039/D4RA06245K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA06245K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have garnered significant attention as promising next-generation energy storage solutions due to their high energy density and cost efficiency. However, the broad adoption of Li–S batteries is impeded by several critical issues. These include the intrinsically low conductivities of sulfur (S) and lithium sulfide (Li<small>₂</small>S), the polysulfide shuttle effect, and dendrite formation on the lithium (Li) electrode, among other challenges. Overcoming these obstacles is crucial to realizing the full potential of Li–S batteries. A key step towards improving Li–S battery performance is the optimization of electrolytes, with a particular focus on enhancing cell cyclability, rate capability, safety, and lifespan. This review examines the current advancements in various electrolyte additive options, including their concepts, designs, and materials, and how the electrolyte's final chemical and physical properties influence the overall performance of Li–S batteries. The aim is to provide a comprehensive framework for the rational selection of future electrolyte additives for Li–S batteries, based on the available concepts, and to evaluate the existing electrolyte additives.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 7","pages":" 5381-5404"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d4ra06245k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the efficiency of Cr(vi) reduction and adsorption by Fe3O4 using ZSM-5 zeolite support prepared through various methods†","authors":"Nichapha Senamart, Worapol Yingyuen, Waranya Obrom, Tatchapol Nanmong, Surangkhana Budsombat, Jatuporn Wittayakun, Sanchai Prayoonpokarach and Sirinuch Loiha","doi":"10.1039/D4RA06845A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA06845A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The study involved the synthesis of magnetite (Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small>) and zeolite-supported Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small> (Fe/Z) using co-precipitation (COP) and hydrothermal (HYD) methods which proved effective for removing Cr(<small>VI</small>) from contaminated water. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small> phase had a cubic crystal structure. The COP method resulted in lower crystallinity compared to the HYD method. The different preparation methods also led to variations in the morphologies and sizes of the Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small> particles. The HYD-prepared sample exhibited a uniform spherical shape with sizes of 400–500 nm, while the COP-prepared samples showed rod-like and granule shapes with smaller particle sizes of 20–50 nm. The study also investigated the adsorption ability and reducibility of Cr(<small>VI</small>) on the Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small> adsorbents. It was found that the crystallinity, shapes, and sizes of Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small> significantly influenced the adsorption capacity and stability of the Cr-adsorbed species. Additionally, this work demonstrated that the zeolite supports enhanced the adsorption capabilities of Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small>, particularly in the HYD-prepared samples, achieving an adsorption capacity of 2.33 mg per g Fe by creating stable Cr-adsorbed species. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) confirmed the Cr species adsorbed on Fe/Z_HYD, identifying ion-exchange lattice structures of Fe<small>_{3−<em>x</em>}</small>Cr<small>_<em>x</em></small>O<small>₄</small> and Fe<small>_{1−<em>x</em>}</small>CrOOH as the most stable forms. This study provides insights into the potential of Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small>/ZSM-5 zeolite for Cr(<small>VI</small>) remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 8","pages":" 5808-5821"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d4ra06845a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of PVT driven forward osmosis and membrane distillation pilot plant for co-production of water and electricity","authors":"Ali Seid Ali and Tijani Bounahmidi","doi":"10.1039/D4RA07525K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA07525K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Desalination by photovoltaic thermal (PVT)-driven forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation (MD) stands out for its lower operational costs and reduced carbon emissions. However, the feasibility of a pilot-scale PVT-driven FO–MD system remains unexplored, which is crucial for industrialization. This study introduces a pilot PVT-FO–MD desalination system designed for simultaneous water and electricity production. The system aims to assess the feasibility of the process, evaluate its costs, and explore its potential for industrial applications. While PVT collectors have higher costs than standard PV panels, they offer improved electrical efficiency and additional thermal power generation, making them more efficient overall. The optimal design was tested using saline water with a concentration of 10 000 mg per liter and a NaCl draw solute with a concentration of 1 molarity. The system produces 172.1 kW h of thermal energy, 93.9 kW h of electrical energy, and 269 L of water daily. The FO water flux varies between 8.13 and 8.29 LMH, while the MD water flux fluctuates between 2.72 and 4.25 LMH throughout the year. Using average yearly weather data, the system produces 33 872 kW h of electrical energy, 65 846 kW h of thermal energy, and 106.84 m<small>³</small> of water annually. Increasing the desalination unit size boosts average water production to 126.47 m<small>³</small> annually. The project requires an initial capital investment of 212 741.38 USD. The return on investment is 11.84%, with a breakeven point at nine years. The net present value turns positive just before the end of the project's lifetime at a 10% interest rate. Although this type of system has not yet been commercialized, further studies are recommended to enhance its market competitiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 8","pages":" 5751-5765"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d4ra07525k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 2,6-diamidopyridine-based macrocyclic aromatic amide receptor with cascade ion pair recognition†","authors":"Xinguo Mao, Rui Zhang, Yulong Sun, Xuping Wang, Qinggang Li, Han Zuilhof, Leyong Wang and Qiang Shi","doi":"10.1039/D5RA00434A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA00434A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ion-pair receptors constitute an important class of synthetic receptors within the realm of host–guest and supramolecular chemistry. Their unique ability to simultaneously recognize and accommodate both cations and anions has rendered them invaluable across various applications. In this study, we have synthesized a cascade macrocyclic ion-pair receptor, composed of three 2,6-amidopyridine building blocks bridged by aromatic spacers. Notably, the diamide binding sites of this receptor exhibit a high degree of selectivity for fluoride ions. Furthermore, despite lacking any dedicated cation-binding sites within its macrocyclic structure, this receptor is capable of selectively binding tetraethylammonium cations through a series of cascade electrostatic interactions facilitated by the bound flouride ions.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 8","pages":" 5850-5855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra00434a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}