Chinese Journal of Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Dose-dependent effect of retrieval-extinction on preventing reinstatement of cocaine-associated memory in mice.","authors":"Heng-Ai Chang,&nbsp;Wen Dai,&nbsp;Sherry Shu-Jung Hu","doi":"10.4103/0304-4920.354804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0304-4920.354804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a noninvasive behavioral intervention, the retrieval-extinction (R-E) procedure has drawn much research attention for its capacity to target the reconsolidation of maladaptive memories. However, later research findings suggest that the cause and consequence of R-E may be more complicated than previously suggested. For example, the R-E procedure could increase an animal's motivation for drug-seeking under certain circumstances, and the reversed extinction-retrieval (E-R) procedure could also suppress the drug memory. Two possible mechanisms underlying the R-E procedure have been proposed: the reconsolidation-update and extinction-facilitation hypotheses. To elucidate the paradoxical prior findings and examine these two hypotheses, we systematically examined the efficacy of the extinction (E), R-E, and E-R procedures in mice's low-dose versus high-dose cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) memory. We showed that the dose of cocaine is a crucial determinant of the efficacy of the three behavioral interventions. The E procedure exerted a long-lasting suppression of the low-dose cocaine CPP memory, while the R-E procedure induced more memory defects than the E and E-R procedures in its long-term suppression of the high-dose cocaine CPP memory. It warrants further investigation of whether the R-E procedure's underlying neurochemical and molecular mechanisms differ from the E and E-R procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":10251,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33449458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Antrodia salmonea</i> extract inhibits cell proliferation through regulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines.","authors":"Pang-Ting Cheng,&nbsp;Yu-Chiao Cheng,&nbsp;Muhammet Oner,&nbsp;Yu-Hsuan Li,&nbsp;Mei-Chih Chen,&nbsp;Jyh-Horng Wu,&nbsp;Ting-Chieh Chang,&nbsp;Ayse Celik,&nbsp;Fang-Ling Liu,&nbsp;Hsin-Yi Wang,&nbsp;Chih-Ho Lai,&nbsp;Jer-Tsong Hsieh,&nbsp;Chieh-Yin Chen,&nbsp;Ho Lin","doi":"10.4103/cjp.cjp_78_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjp.cjp_78_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antrodia salmonea (AS) is a fungus, which belongs to a fungal family of Taiwanofungus salmoneus with the features of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Recent studies have shown that AS has anti-cancer functions in ovarian and breast cancer. However, the effects of AS on prostate cancer (PCa) proliferation remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of AS in PCa proliferation through apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation in PCa cell lines. Our results showed that Antrodia salmonea extract (ASE) inhibited PCa cells growth with a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ASE decreased the anchorage-independent growth formation ability in PC3 cells. Moreover, ASE-induced cell growth inhibition in PCa cells (DU145, PC3) was correlated to decreased cell cycle-related proteins such as cyclin A/B and cyclin-dependent kinase CDK1/2/4, and increased cell cycle inhibitor proteins p21. Besides, ASE decreased the total protein level of epidermal growth factor receptor and its downstream signaling pathways Akt and Erk in both PCa cells. We found that apoptotic markers such as cleaved-PARP protein levels increased significantly in DU145 cells indicating ASE might induce apoptosis. In conclusion, our results suggest that ASE may have the ability to induce PCa cell death through regulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":10251,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33449463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral analysis of cardiovascular oscillations in the 7-day regimen of losartan administration with and without cold stress.","authors":"Yia-Ping Liu,&nbsp;Yu-Chieh Lin,&nbsp;Chen-Cheng Lin,&nbsp;Shi-Hung Tsai,&nbsp;Che-Se Tung","doi":"10.4103/0304-4920.354802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0304-4920.354802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spectral analysis of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) variabilities (BPV and HRV) is widely available and utilized in understanding the dynamic cardiovascular autonomic regulation in a variety of pathophysiological conditions. In conscious cold-stressed (CS) rats, we examined the effect of a 7-day regimen administration of losartan, a selective nonpeptide angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade, on BPV and HRV at three frequency components: very-low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF). Key findings in changes of systolic BP (SBP), HR, and spectral power densities for cardiopulmonary oscillations (HF), sympathetic oscillations (LF), cardiovascular myogenic oscillations (VLF), and overall autonomic activity total power (TP) showed: (I) In the resting PreCS trial, compared with the saline, losartan increased HFBPV, TPHRV, all three HRV frequency powers, and the occurrence of the dicrotic notch (DN). However, it decreased SBP, HR, and the LFBPV frequency power. (II) In the CS trial, losartan significantly decreased SBP and DN occurrence and HR and LF/HFHRV but significantly increased HFHRV, TPBPV, and all three BPV frequency powers. In addition, similar to the saline, losartan showed positively correlated LFBPV and VLFBPV. Conversely, losartan converted the original inverse correlations between LFHRV and LFBPV of CS to a positive correlation. (III) Compared with saline in PreCS and CS trials, losartan detached the corresponding sympathetic oscillations between LFBPV and LFHRV. The overall result indicates that endogenous angiotensin II, through stimulation of the AT1 receptor, augments sympathetic tone but attenuates sympathetic oscillations in rats, particularly under the stressful cooling impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":10251,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33449459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase-to-adenosine deaminase ratio in differentiating the etiology of pleural effusions.","authors":"Chun-Yee Ho,&nbsp;Yu-Hui Tsai,&nbsp;Chih-Chun Chang,&nbsp;Huei-Ling Huang,&nbsp;N-Chi Tan,&nbsp;Wei-Chi Chen,&nbsp;Ka-I Leong","doi":"10.4103/cjp.cjp_104_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjp.cjp_104_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exudative pleural effusion includes tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPE), and malignant pleural effusion (MPE). An elevated pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) typically implies TPE, but the rule may not apply to every individual case. Recent studies proposed that the pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-to-ADA ratio showed a higher diagnostic power than pleural fluid ADA alone in differentiating the etiology of pleural effusion. Hence, we aimed to investigate the performance of pleural fluid LDH-to-ADA ratio as a biomarker in assistance with the diagnosis of TPE, PPE, and MPE. All patients who underwent thoracentesis for the first time with a pleural fluid ADA >40 U/L were included in this retrospective study. The clinical data including pleural fluid ADA and LDH-to-ADA ratio were analyzed. A total of 311 patients were enrolled during the study interval. The pleural fluid LDH-to-ADA ratio <14.2 (sensitivity: 74.2%; specificity: 90.4%) favored TPE, while the pleural fluid LDH-to-ADA ratio >14.5 (sensitivity: 79.9%; specificity: 78.5%) favored PPE. Besides, the pleural fluid LDH-to-ADA ratio >46.7 (sensitivity: 56.3%; specificity: 78.3%) favored MPE owing to primary lung cancers. In conclusion, the pleural fluid LDH-to-ADA ratio was an effective indicator in differentiating the etiology of pleural effusions in the cases of high ADA level in the pleural fluid.</p>","PeriodicalId":10251,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40551784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin sensitizer and antihyperlipidemic effects of <i>Cajanus cajan</i> (L.) millsp. root in methylglyoxal-induced diabetic rats.","authors":"Shu-Er Yang,&nbsp;Yen-Fong Lin,&nbsp;Jiunn-Wang Liao,&nbsp;Jian-Ting Chen,&nbsp;Chien-Lin Chen,&nbsp;Chen-I Chen,&nbsp;Shih-Lan Hsu,&nbsp;Tuzz-Ying Song","doi":"10.4103/cjp.cjp_88_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjp.cjp_88_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., known as pigeon pea, is one of the major grain legume crops of the tropical world. It recognizes as an ethnomedicine to possess various functions, such as helping in healing wound and cancer therapy. We investigated whether 95% ethanol extracts from C. cajan root (EECR) protect against methylglyoxal (MGO)-induced insulin resistance (IR) and hyperlipidemia in male Wistar rats and explored its possible mechanisms. The hypoglycemic potential of EECR was evaluated using α-amylase, α-glucosidase activities, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation. For in vivo study, the rats were divided into six groups and orally supplemented with MGO except for Group 1 (controls). Group 2 was supplemented with MGO only, Group 3: MGO + metformin, Group 4: MGO + Low dose-EECR (L-EECR; 10 mg/kg bw), Group 5: MGO + Middle dose-EECR (M-EECR; 50 mg/kg bw), and Group 6: MGO + High dose-EECR (H-EECR; 100 mg/kg bw). EECR possessed good inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase activities, and AGEs formation (IC₅₀ = 0.12, 0.32, and 0.50 mg/mL), respectively. MGO significantly increased serum levels of blood glucose (GLU), glycosylated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment of IR, AGEs, lipid biochemical values, and atherogenic index, whereas EECR decreased these levels in a dose-dependent manner. EECR can also act as an insulin sensitizer, which significantly decreased (47%, P < 0.05) the blood GLU levels after intraperitoneal injection of insulin in the insulin tolerance tests. The hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic mechanisms of EECR are likely through several possible pathways including the inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) and the enhancement of MGO-trapping effects on inhibition of AGEs formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10251,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40551787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A synthetic biscoumarin suppresses lung cancer cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis by increasing expression of RIP1.","authors":"Ruixue Wang,&nbsp;Hongyi Xie,&nbsp;Xi Wang,&nbsp;Yingqi Liu,&nbsp;Zhengquan Su,&nbsp;Zhaoguang Zheng","doi":"10.4103/cjp.cjp_107_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjp.cjp_107_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coumarin has a variety of biological activities and widely exists in plants. Biscoumarin, derived from coumarin, their synthetic methods and bioactivities of biscoumarins is the hotspot of the current research. In this study, we evaluated for the first time the anticancer of a synthetic biscoumarin (3,3'-(4-chlorophenyl)methylene)bis(4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one, C3) on lung cancer cells and explored the related mechanism. C3 was simply prepared by 4-hydroxycoumarin and 4-chlorobenzaldehyde under ethanol. The structure of C3 was elucidated by various spectroscopic analyses. The antiproliferation effect of C3 was evaluated by the cell counting kit-8 assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis analysis were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of correlated proteins was determined using Western blotting. The result showed that C3 displayed a strong cytostatic effect on Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells. C3 inhibited the proliferation of LLC cells, and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. In addition, C3 possessed a significant reduction on cell apoptosis by increasing of RIP1 expression. Our data showed that C3 suppresses lung cancer cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis, which is possibly involved with the RIP1.</p>","PeriodicalId":10251,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40551788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of post-stroke spasticity from the subacute to chronic stages: A clinical and neurophysiologic study of motoneuron pool excitability.","authors":"Heng-Yi Shen,&nbsp;Jou-Yu Lin,&nbsp;Chien-Cheng Chen,&nbsp;Hung-Fu Lee,&nbsp;Hsien Chao,&nbsp;Fu-Kong Lieu,&nbsp;Szu-Fu Chen","doi":"10.4103/0304-4920.348359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0304-4920.348359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spasticity measured using clinical scales, such as the modified Ashworth scale (MAS), may not sufficiently evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions and predict prognosis. This study aimed to compare changes in H-reflex excitability in the spastic and unimpaired upper and lower limbs of patients with acute and chronic stroke. We also investigated the relationship between the degree of spasticity as assessed by the MAS and motor neuron pool excitability with by analyzing H-reflex excitability. Sixty adult patients with a first-ever stroke were recruited for this study. MAS scores were recorded in the post-stroke upper and lower limb muscles. H-reflexes and M-responses of the bilateral flexor carpi radialis and soleus were tested by stimulating the median and tibial nerves. The results showed that both the ratio of the maximal size of the H-reflex (Hmax) to the maximal size of the M-response (Mmax) and the ratio of the developmental slope of H-reflex (Hslp) to that of the M-responses (Mslp) were significantly higher on the spastic side than on the unimpaired side for the upper and lower limbs. In contrast, the ratio of the threshold of the H-reflex (Hth) to the threshold of the M-response (Mth) only showed significant differences between the two sides in the upper limbs. The Hslp/Mslp paretic/non-paretic ratio was increased in patients with MAS scores of 2 or 3 compared to MAS scores of 1 for both the upper and lower limbs, whereas the Hmax/Mmax paretic/non-paretic ratio showed significant differences between MAS scores of 2 or 3 and 1 only in the upper limbs. Moreover, in either the spastic or unimpaired sides, there were no significant differences in any of the three motoneuron pool excitability parameters, Hmax/Mmax, Hslp/Mslp, and Hth/Mth, between the shorter chronicity (time post-stroke ≤6 months) and longer chronicity groups (time post-stroke >6 months) for both the upper and lower limbs. These results suggest that Hslp/Mslp could be a potential neurophysiological indicator for evaluating the degree of spasticity in both the upper and lower limbs of patients with hemiplegia. The MAS and Hslp/Mslp characterize clinical and neurophysiologic spasticity, respectively, and could be used as an integrated approach to evaluate and follow up post-stroke spasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10251,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40551785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating sperm DNA fragmentation index with computer-assisted semen morphokinematic parameters as a better window to male fertility.","authors":"Hsin-Ta Lin,&nbsp;Meng-Hsing Wu,&nbsp;Weng-Ling Wu,&nbsp;Li-Chung Tsai,&nbsp;Yu-Ying Chen,&nbsp;Kuei-Hsiang Hung,&nbsp;Po-Hsuan Wu,&nbsp;Ta-Sheng Chen,&nbsp;Huang-Tz Ou,&nbsp;Yu-Sheng Cheng","doi":"10.4103/CJP.CJP_12_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/CJP.CJP_12_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess (1) the reproducibility of three sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) assays for sperm DNA fragmentation, i.e., LensHooke R10^® (R10), Halosperm G2^® (G2), and BASO^® (BA); (2) the correlation between computer-assisted semen analyzer (CASA) morphokinematic parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI), and (3) the diagnostic value for male reproduction by combining semen morphokinematic parameters and DFI. Total 50 male participants were recruited, and all collected semen samples underwent semen analyses and SCD assays. Intra- and inter-observer variability of DFI data from different SCD measures was tested. In addition, the predictive ability of CASA parameters and DFI (with different cutoffs, i.e., 15% and 20%) for infertility was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. We found that the G2 and R10 produced satisfactory variance coefficients (5.53%, 5.67%) compared to BA (14.8%). The DFI data from the R10 had lower intra-observer variability, in terms of higher intra-class coefficient (0.9615), than that of the G2 (0.8847) or BA (0.8824). Inter-observer variability of three SCD kits in scoring the DFI was comparable and satisfactory (concordance correlation coefficients ranging 0.9895-0.9630). The CASA parameters (i.e., total motility [r = -0.57], progression motility [r = -0.55], and rapidly progressive motility [r = -0.55]) were significantly correlated with DFI (P < 0.001). The predictive ability of the 15%-cutoff DFI data was better than that of the 20%-cutoff or continuous DFI data. The model comprising the CASA parameters, 15%-cutoff DFI, and 4%-cutoff normal morphology had the highest area under curve (0.8125) for infertility. For SCD assay, the R10 was the most reliable SCD assay to detect sperm DNA fragmentation. Combining the sperm DFI with CASA parameters might be a better diagnostic tool for male reproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":10251,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40551789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Action of the natural compound gomisin a on Ca²⁺ movement in human prostate cancer cells.","authors":"Lyh-Jyh Hao,&nbsp;Rong-An Lin,&nbsp;Li-Chai Chen,&nbsp;Jue-Long Wang,&nbsp;I-Shu Chen,&nbsp;Chun-Chi Kuo,&nbsp;Chiang-Ting Chou,&nbsp;Jau-Min Chien,&nbsp;Chung-Ren Jan","doi":"10.4103/cjp.cjp_6_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjp.cjp_6_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gomisin A is a dietary lignan compound isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis and has many pharmacological properties, including hepato-protective, anti-diabetic, and anti-oxidative activities. However, the benefit of gomisin A is still not well understood. The action of gomisin A is diverse. However, the effect of gomisin A on Ca²⁺ signaling in prostate cancer cells is unknown. Ca²⁺ is a pivotal second envoy that triggers and regulates cellular processes such as apoptosis, fertilization, energy transduction, secretion, and protein activation. The goal of this study was to explore the action of gomisin A on [Ca²⁺]_i and cytotoxicity in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Gomisin A at 100-200 μM provoked [Ca²⁺]_i raises. 20% of the response was reduced by removing external Ca²⁺. The Ca²⁺ influx provoked by gomisin A was suppressed by 20% by store-caused Ca²⁺ entry suppressors: econazole, SKF96365, nifedipine; also by phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate and GF109203X. Without external Ca²⁺, gomisin A-caused [Ca²⁺]_i raises were abolished by thapsigargin. In contrast, gomisin A suppressed the [Ca²⁺]_i raises caused by thapsigargin. U73122 fell short to change gomisin A-caused [Ca²⁺]_i responses. Gomisin A (20-100 μM) elicited cytotoxicity in a dose-associated fashion. Blockade of [Ca²⁺] elevations with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid/acetoxy methyl failed to inhibit cytotoxicity of gomisin A. Collectively, gomisin A evoked [Ca²⁺]_i raises and provoked cytotoxicity in a Ca²⁺-dissociated fashion in prostate cancer cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":10251,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40551790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effects of voluntary running and liraglutide on glucose homeostasis, fatty acid composition of brown adipose tissue phospholipids, and white adipose tissue browning in db/db mice.","authors":"Ruili Yin,&nbsp;Yan Ma,&nbsp;Ning Zhang,&nbsp;Longyan Yang,&nbsp;Dong Zhao","doi":"10.4103/cjp.cjp_87_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjp.cjp_87_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a potential therapeutic application targeting brown adipose tissue (BAT). Either voluntary running or liraglutide increases the thermogenesis of BAT in type 2 diabetes mellitus, but their combined effect is not yet clarified. Male leptin receptor-deficient db/db diabetic mice (n = 24) were randomly divided into voluntary running, liraglutide, voluntary running + liraglutide, and control groups (n = 6/group). Normal male C57 mice were the negative control (n = 6). Fasting blood glucose was monitored every week, plasma insulin and lipid profiles were analyzed, and thermogenic protein expression in BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) were analyzed by the western blot. A total of 128 metabolites associated with phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, sphingomyelins, and ceramides were targeted in BAT. Compared to the control group, voluntary running or liraglutide treatment significantly lowered the blood glucose and increased the insulin level; the combined group showed a better effect than liraglutide alone. Hence, the combined treatment showed an enhanced hypoglycemic effect. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and OXPHOS protein expression in BAT and UCP1 in WAT were significantly increased after exercise training and liraglutide treatment. However, BAT metabolomics showed that compared to the control mice, nine fatty acids increased in the exercise group, six increased in the liraglutide group, and only three increased in the combined group. These results may suggest a higher hypoglycemic effect and the activation of BAT and WAT browning in the combined group.</p>","PeriodicalId":10251,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40551786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}