Kai Li, Xiuli Yan, Mengjiao He, Ya-Nan Lou, Xing‐Yao Huang, Mengxu Sun, Xiaofeng Li
{"title":"寨卡病毒E蛋白和NS1蛋白关键氨基酸突变可促进病毒在小鼠睾丸中的复制","authors":"Kai Li, Xiuli Yan, Mengjiao He, Ya-Nan Lou, Xing‐Yao Huang, Mengxu Sun, Xiaofeng Li","doi":"10.1360/tb-2024-0305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1360/tb-2024-0305","url":null,"abstract":"<p indent=\"0mm\">Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the Flavivirus genus within the Flaviviridae family, which includes other important mosquito-borne human pathogens, including dengue (DENV), West Nile (WNV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), and yellow fever viruses (YFV). ZIKV was initially isolated from a sentinel rhesus monkey in the Zika forest, Uganda in 1947. It received little attention until it caused the first notable human epidemic in the Pacific Ocean in 2007 followed by another major outbreak in French Polynesia in 2013. Recently, due to its association with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in adults and congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in infants born to ZIKV-infected mothers, the biggest ZIKV outbreak that began in Brazil in 2015 was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization on 1 February 2016. During this epidemic, ZIKV infections were reported in over 80 countries worldwide with more than 1.3 million infections in the Americas alone. Currently, there are no antiviral drugs or vaccines available for ZIKV infection. ZIKV has also been shown to be transmitted among humans through male-to-female sexual contact. There is strong evidence that the male reproductive tract acts as a significant reservoir for ZIKV. Both infectious ZIKV and ZIKV RNA have been identified in the semen of ZIKV-infected men. The presence of viral RNA in human semen can persist for up to 370 days following the onset of symptoms. The relationship between the intensity and duration of viremia and the invasion of the genital tract by ZIKV, viral shedding in semen, and the subsequent risk of sexual transmission from males to females or males to males remains unclear. Exploring the changes of ZIKV genes during continuous replication in testes and identifying potential testicular adaptive mutations can provide an important reference for assessing the risk of ZIKV mutations. Here, the FSS13025 strain of ZIKV (named WT) was serially passaged in testes of A129 mice for 10 times. Analysis using qRT-PCR revealed that levels of viral RNA in testes of mice infected with passage 5 (P5) or P10 were significantly 4.6 and 3.8 times higher than those of WT, respectively. Deep sequencing analysis of the genomes of P5 and P10 identified mutations H401Y in the envelope protein and K146E in the NS1 protein. To further test the biological functions of the mutations, a recombinant virus carrying both H401Y and K146E mutations (named H401Y+K146E) was rescued using the FSS13025 strain as the genetic backbone by reverse genetics. H401Y+K146E showed an increased replication in multiple cell lines including testicular cell lines 15P-1 and TM3 compared to WT. Importantly, the replication of H401Y+K146E was significantly enhanced specifically in testes of A129 mice in comparison with WT. This study identifies two testis-adapted mutations of ZIKV, which confer enhanced viral replication in mouse testis. These two functional mutations have important implicatio","PeriodicalId":10251,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciengine.com/doi/pdf/C18B1F1E31D14F1696B052FB29284EE1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147898317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. T. Huang, Tingting Zhao, Min Xiao, Shuanjin Wang, Dongmei Han, Sheng Huang, Yuezhong Meng
{"title":"二氧化碳基聚碳酸酯多元醇及聚氨酯的合成与应用","authors":"X. T. Huang, Tingting Zhao, Min Xiao, Shuanjin Wang, Dongmei Han, Sheng Huang, Yuezhong Meng","doi":"10.1360/tb-2023-1089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1360/tb-2023-1089","url":null,"abstract":"<p indent=\"0mm\">The copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxides is utilized to synthesize carbon dioxide-based polycarbonate polyols, which are used to prepare carbon dioxide-based polyurethane materials. This approach is becoming an integral part of green polymer chemistry. It is also at the forefront of the national carbon neutrality strategy. This review primarily focuses on the synthesis methods of carbon dioxide-based polycarbonate polyols in recent years. Emphasis is placed on the research progress of immortal polymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxides in the presence of chain transfer agents, which is further classified and reviewed based on heterogeneous catalysts, homogeneous metal catalysts, and homogeneous non-metallic catalysts. Furthermore, the extensive applications of carbon dioxide-based polyols in environmentally friendly polyurethanes and other fields are discussed, and the future development trends are predicted. Carbon dioxide-based (CO<sub>2</sub>-based) copolymers as environmentally friendly materials are highly promising due to their excellent biodegradability. These copolymers effectively utilize carbon dioxide gas, which is abundant, non-toxic, and cost-effective, as one of their raw materials. Given that CO<sub>2</sub> is emitted as a waste gas in numerous economic activities, leading to global warming, the chemical fixation of CO<sub>2</sub> presents a compelling and effective approach to alleviating environmental and energy pressures. The direct utilization of CO<sub>2</sub> in the production of degradable low molecular weight polycarbonate polyols or oligo(carbonate-ether) polyols via epoxides/CO<sub>2</sub> copolymerization has attracted much attention to both academic researches and industrial productions over the past decades due to the following advantages: First, there is no toxic phosgene generated, so it is totally eco-friendly; second, CO<sub>2</sub> is one of the main and renewable materials to reduce dependence on petroleum resources; third, CO<sub>2</sub> as feedstocks is abundant, and inexpensive, which cuts down the cost of produced polyurethane (PU). Regarding the current research situation, the main issues in the copolymerization reaction of carbon dioxide and epoxides are low catalytic efficiency, high catalyst cost, harsh reaction conditions, low copolymer yield, and complex catalyst separation. We have summarized the new catalytic system of copolymers of carbon dioxide and epoxides, and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of various catalytic systems including dimetallic cyanide catalysts, metallic Salen catalysts, metalloporphyrin catalysts and new organic catalysts, which have important application values for the resource utilization of carbon dioxide. Metal-containing catalysts are the earliest catalytic systems used for the synthesis of high molecular polycarbonate from CO<sub>2</sub>, and hence are also firstly employed for the synthesis of poly(propylene carbonate) diols from CO<s","PeriodicalId":10251,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciengine.com/doi/pdf/0C59F958484A4962B9BFA2622DA07F30","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147917407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of electroacupuncture combined with acupoint catgut embedding on gastrointestinal motility and gastrointestinal hormones in rats with functional dyspepsia.","authors":"Hui Yu, Huiqian Deng, Wei Zhou, Zhenling Liang","doi":"10.4103/cjop.CJOP-D-23-00059","DOIUrl":"10.4103/cjop.CJOP-D-23-00059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electroacupuncture (EA) or acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) plays a therapeutic role in functional dyspepsia (FD). Herein, we aimed to elucidate the influences of EA combined with ACE on gastrointestinal motility and gastrointestinal hormones in rats with FD. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into the control group, model group, EA group, ACE group, and EA + ACE group (n = 10). Except for the control group, the rats in all groups were modeled by combining neonatal iodoacetamide gastrogavage and modified tail-clamping stimulation. The rats were treated with different treatments according to their groups. The rats were observed for changes in general behavior, body weight, food intake, and paw mechanical pain threshold. Gastric emptying rate (GER) and intestinal propulsive ratio (IPR) were measured in each group, and serum gastrointestinal hormone (motilin [MTL], leptin, gastrin [GAS], vasoactive intestinal peptide [VIP], calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP], and somatostatin [SS]) levels, oxidative stress factors (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and malondialdehyde [MDA]) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels were also measured. Decreased mean body weight, paw mechanical pain thresholds, food intake, and GER and IPR were found in rats of the model group in comparison to the control group. Serum MTL, GAS, SS, and SOD levels were reduced, and serum leptin, VIP, CGRP, MDA, and 5-HT levels were increased in rats of the model group in comparison to the control group. Elevated mean body weight, paw mechanical pain threshold, food intake, GER and IPR, and serum MTL, GAS, SS, and SOD levels, and reduced serum leptin, VIP, CGRP, MDA, and 5-HT levels were observed in rats of the EA, ACE, and EA + ACE groups relative to the model group. EA combined with ACE treatment was more effective than the EA or ACE treatment alone. EA combined with ACE treatment improves gastrointestinal motility and gastrointestinal hormone levels, promotes food intake, and reduces visceral hypersensitivity in FD rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":10251,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physiology","volume":"66 6","pages":"526-533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139039573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impacts of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats: Role of PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.","authors":"Xiaohua Zhao, Zhao Gao, Wenbin Wen, Shikang Zheng","doi":"10.4103/cjop.CJOP-D-23-00103","DOIUrl":"10.4103/cjop.CJOP-D-23-00103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the current optimal therapy, patients with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury still experience a high mortality rate, especially when diabetes mellitus is present as a comorbidity. Investigating potential treatments aimed at improving the outcomes of myocardial IR injury in diabetic patients is necessary. Our objective was to ascertain the cardioprotective effect of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) against myocardial IR injury in diabetic rats and examine the role of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway in mediating this effect. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats (8-10 weeks old, 200-250 g; n = 60) by a single injection of streptozotocin. The duration of the diabetic period was 10 weeks. During the last 4 weeks of diabetic period, rats were treated with THC (1.5 mg/kg/day; intraperitoneally), either alone or in combination with LY294002, and then underwent IR intervention. After 24 h of reperfusion, infarct size, cardiac function, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cardiac-specific isoform of troponin-I (cTn-I) levels, myocardial apoptosis, oxidative stress markers, and expression of PTEN, PI3K, and Akt proteins were evaluated. THC pretreatment resulted in significant improvements in infarct size and cardiac function and decreases in LDH and cTn-I levels (P < 0.05). It also reduced myocardial apoptosis and oxidative stress, accompanied by the downregulation of PTEN expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway (P < 0.05). LY294002 pretreatment abolished the cardioprotective action of THC. This study revealed the cardioprotective effects of THC against IR-induced myocardial injury in diabetic rats and also suggested that the mechanism may be associated with enhanced activity of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through the reduction of PTEN phosphorylation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10251,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physiology","volume":"66 6","pages":"446-455"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139039575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shengen Yi, Ming Luo, Yanjin Peng, Yong Chen, Dan Yu
{"title":"Anti-oncogenic mechanism of KLF17 in colon cancer by repressing cell migration and invasion via FHL1 upregulation.","authors":"Shengen Yi, Ming Luo, Yanjin Peng, Yong Chen, Dan Yu","doi":"10.4103/cjop.CJOP-D-23-00084","DOIUrl":"10.4103/cjop.CJOP-D-23-00084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colon cancer is a disease with high prevalence worldwide. This study sought to investigate Kruppel-like factor 17 (KLF17) mechanism in the development of colon cancer through four-and-a-half-LIM domain protein 1 (FHL1). In colon cancer cells, KLF17 and FHL1 expression was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. After gain- and loss-of-function experiments in colon cancer cells, cell proliferative, invasive, and migrating abilities were tested by cell counting kit-8, transwell, and scratch assays, respectively. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin, was measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to detect the binding of KLF17 and the FHL1 promoter. Finally, a transplantation tumor model in nude mice was established for in vivo validation. Mechanistically, KLF17 facilitated FHL1 transcription by binding to the FHL1 promoter. KLF17 or FHL1 upregulation suppressed the colon cancer cell proliferative, invasive, and migrating capacities, accompanied by elevated E-cadherin expression and diminished N-cadherin and Vimentin expression. Furthermore, FHL1 silencing abrogated the repressive impacts of KLF17 upregulation on colon cancer cell EMT, proliferative, invasive, and migrating capabilities. Furthermore, KLF17 augmented FHL1 expression and curtailed the growth of transplanted tumors in nude mice. Conclusively, KLF17 promoted FHL1 transcription, thereby impeding the invasion, migration, and EMT of colon cancer cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":10251,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physiology","volume":"66 6","pages":"534-545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139039572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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