The pan-liver network theory: From traditional chinese medicine to western medicine.

IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY
Yaxing Zhang, Xian-Ming Fang
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the liver is the "general organ" that is responsible for governing/maintaining the free flow of qi over the entire body and storing blood. According to the classic five elements theory, zang-xiang theory, yin-yang theory, meridians and collaterals theory, and the five-viscera correlation theory, the liver has essential relationships with many extrahepatic organs or tissues, such as the mother-child relationships between the liver and the heart, and the yin-yang and exterior-interior relationships between the liver and the gallbladder. The influences of the liver to the extrahepatic organs or tissues have been well-established when treating the extrahepatic diseases from the perspective of modulating the liver by using the ancient classic prescriptions of TCM and the acupuncture and moxibustion. In modern medicine, as the largest solid organ in the human body, the liver has the typical functions of filtration and storage of blood; metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, hormones, and foreign chemicals; formation of bile; storage of vitamins and iron; and formation of coagulation factors. The liver also has essential endocrine function, and acts as an immunological organ due to containing the resident immune cells. In the perspective of modern human anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology, the liver has the organ interactions with the extrahepatic organs or tissues, for example, the gut, pancreas, adipose, skeletal muscle, heart, lung, kidney, brain, spleen, eyes, skin, bone, and sexual organs, through the circulation (including hemodynamics, redox signals, hepatokines, metabolites, and the translocation of microbiota or its products, such as endotoxins), the neural signals, or other forms of pathogenic factors, under normal or diseases status. The organ interactions centered on the liver not only influence the homeostasis of these indicated organs or tissues, but also contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases (including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic [dysfunction]-associated fatty liver diseases, and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases), pulmonary diseases, hyperuricemia and gout, chronic kidney disease, and male and female sexual dysfunction. Therefore, based on TCM and modern medicine, the liver has the bidirectional interaction with the extrahepatic organ or tissue, and this established bidirectional interaction system may further interact with another one or more extrahepatic organs/tissues, thus depicting a complex "pan-hepatic network" model. The pan-hepatic network acts as one of the essential mechanisms of homeostasis and the pathogenesis of diseases.

泛肝网络理论:从中医到西医
在传统中医学中,肝脏是 "总脏",负责调理/维持全身气机的通畅和贮藏血液。根据经典的五行学说、藏象学说、阴阳学说、经络学说和五脏相关学说,肝脏与许多肝外器官或组织都有本质的关系,如肝与心的母子关系,肝与胆的阴阳、表里关系等。从调理肝脏的角度出发,运用中医经典古方和针灸治疗肝外疾病时,肝脏对肝外器官或组织的影响已得到充分肯定。在现代医学中,肝脏作为人体最大的实体器官,具有过滤和储存血液,代谢碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质、激素和外来化学物质,形成胆汁,储存维生素和铁,形成凝血因子等典型功能。肝脏还具有重要的内分泌功能,并因含有常驻免疫细胞而充当免疫器官。从现代人体解剖学、生理学和病理生理学的角度来看,肝脏与肝外器官或组织,如肠道、胰腺、脂肪、骨骼肌、心脏、肺、肾脏、脑、脾脏、眼睛、皮肤、骨骼和性器官,通过循环(血液循环)相互作用、在正常或疾病状态下,通过血液循环(包括血液动力学、氧化还原信号、肝脏因子、代谢产物、微生物群或其产物(如内毒素)的转运)、神经信号或其他形式的致病因素,与肝脏器官或组织发生相互作用。以肝脏为中心的器官相互作用不仅影响着这些器官或组织的平衡,也是心血管代谢性疾病(包括肥胖、2 型糖尿病、代谢[功能障碍]相关性脂肪肝、心脑血管疾病)、肺部疾病、高尿酸血症和痛风、慢性肾病、男女性功能障碍等疾病的发病机制之一。因此,在中医和现代医学的基础上,肝脏与肝外器官或组织之间存在着双向的相互作用,而这一已建立的双向相互作用系统又可进一步与另一个或多个肝外器官/组织相互作用,从而描绘出一个复杂的 "泛肝网络 "模型。泛肝网络是体内平衡和疾病发病的重要机制之一。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
5.60%
发文量
36
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Chinese Journal of Physiology is a multidisciplinary open access journal. Chinese Journal of Physiology (CJP) publishes high quality original research papers in physiology and pathophysiology by authors all over the world. CJP welcomes submitted research papers in all aspects of physiology science in the molecular, cellular, tissue and systemic levels. Multidisciplinary sciences with a focus to understand the role of physiology in health and disease are also encouraged. Chinese Journal of Physiology accepts fourfold article types: Original Article, Review Article (Mini-Review included), Short Communication, and Editorial. There is no cost for readers to access the full-text contents of publications.
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