Clinical and Experimental Optometry最新文献

{"title":"Wearable technologies in ophthalmic care and visual science.","authors":"Danni Qiao, Kaikai Zhao, Jingjing Jiang, Zhuoting Zhu, Li Li, Peifang Dong, Shuihua Lu, Andrzej Grzybowski, Kai Jin","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2723001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2026.2723001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Wearable technologies may enable eyecare practitioners to assess visual function, behaviour, environmental exposure, and treatment needs beyond the clinic. However, most applications require stronger clinical validation, usability evaluation, and evidence of patient benefit before routine implementation.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Wearable devices may extend ophthalmic assessment and support beyond episodic clinic visits by capturing visual behaviour, environmental exposure, task performance, and ocular or periocular physiological signals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This scoping review mapped English-language publications from 2018 to 2025 concerning wearable device classes, ophthalmic applications, the analytical roles of artificial intelligence, evidence maturity, and barriers to translation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Database searches identified 465 records; 310 remained after duplicate removal and were screened, 100 full-text articles were assessed, and 35 studies were included. Evidence was strongest for objective exposure monitoring in myopia research, headset-based assessment of visual function, and assistive technologies for people with low vision or blindness. Artificial intelligence was used mainly for temporal signal interpretation, multimodal integration, and real-time assistive feedback rather than autonomous diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most systems remain at the technical validation or early clinical feasibility stage. Broader implementation requires stronger analytical and clinical validation, patient-centred outcomes, regulatory planning, usability evidence, and safeguards for privacy and interoperability.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroretinographic evaluation of single vision contact lenses with non-refractive opaque features.","authors":"Ravi C Bakaraju, Paul A Constable, Daniel Tilia, Kevin Patel, Ranjay Chakraborty","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2659189","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2659189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Electroretinography provides insights into how optical interventions, e.g., contact lenses (CLs), may influence retinal function. Understanding acute retinal responses is important for the ongoing development of myopia control strategies.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the acute effects of single-vision (test) soft CLs incorporating non-refractive opaque elements on retinal function. These lenses are designed to modulate retinal ganglion cell activity through Active Reconfiguration in Retinal Encoding of Spatio-Temporal signalling with a potential for myopia control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomised, contralateral-eye study, 30 participants (18 to 25 years; refractive error: 0.00D to -5.50D) wore single-vision test and control CLs. Electroretinograms were recorded at baseline, 10, and 40 minutes using red flash stimuli (38 Troland-seconds at 3.8 Hz) on a blue background (380 Trolands). Time-amplitude and Discrete Wavelet Transform analyses quantified changes in retinal response. Metrics included a-wave and b-wave peak times and amplitudes, Photopic Negative Response (PhNR) amplitude and timing, P-ratio, W-ratio, and OFF/ON pathway coefficients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TTest lenses induced significant delays in a-wave (mean difference [MD]: 0.26 ms, <i>p</i> = 0.008) and b-wave (MD: 0.26 ms, <i>p</i> < 0.001) peak times, with no significant amplitude changes. PhNR amplitude was significantly reduced (MD: 0.42 µV, <i>p</i> = 0.01), and peak time was delayed (MD: 0.51 ms, <i>p</i> = 0.02). P ratio (MD: -0.04, <i>p</i> = 0.001), and W-ratio (MD: -0.04, <i>p</i> = 0.004) significantly suppressed with test lenses. Time-frequency analysis revealed selective suppression of OFF-pathway activity (40Hz coefficient, MD: -0.89 µV-s, <i>p</i> = 0.02) with test lenses, while ON-pathway components remained stable. 80Hz oscillatory potentials were significantly reduced with test lenses (MD: -1.35 µV-s, <i>p</i> = 0.02).   .</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-refractive opaque features within an otherwise single-vision CL can induce short-term changes in retinal signalling, characterised by temporal shifts in post-receptoral signalling, potentially suggesting pathway-specific modulation of inner retinal circuits. Additional studies are needed to confirm the preliminary findings to facilitate insights into the retinal mechanism of action with such interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1424-1438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147971042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart biosensing contact lenses for early detection of ocular pathogens.","authors":"Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Naveed Ahmed Khan","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2648950","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2648950","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1695-1700"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of blue-violet light filtering and surface technologies on visual performance: a retrospective clinical comparison using daily silicone hydrogel contact lenses.","authors":"Seda Duran Güler, Serkan Güler, Burcu Nurözler Tabakçı, Burçin Kepez Yıldız","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2648954","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2648954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Blue-violet light-filtering daily contact lenses are becoming more popular as a way of addressing the visual challenges associated with prolonged exposure to digital screens and low-light environments. Optimising contrast sensitivity in such situations is important for visual comfort, functional performance and patient satisfaction, especially among individuals with high visual demands or frequent exposure to glare.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Digital device use has increased exposure to short-wavelength light, contributing to visual fatigue and reduced contrast sensitivity. Blue-violet - filtering soft contact lenses have been developed to enhance visual performance; however, independent clinical data comparing such lenses to non-filtering designs manufactured from the same material remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective comparative study analysed 45 myopic adults fitted with two senofilcon-A daily disposable lenses: OASYS (non-filtering) and MAX (blue-violet filtering). Contrast sensitivity (photopic, mesopic, glare), corneal aberrations, and non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT) were assessed. Repeated-measures ANOVA and regression analyses were used to evaluate lens-related differences and identify predictors of contrast sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MAX lenses demonstrated significantly higher contrast sensitivity at medium-to-high spatial frequencies under photopic and mesopic conditions, and at low-to-mid frequencies with glare. Tear-film stability was preserved with both lenses without clinically meaningful differences. Corneal aberration changes were small; higher coma and trefoil values correlated with reduced contrast sensitivity during MAX wear. No demographic or pupil-related factors influenced outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Blue-violet - filtering MAX lenses provide measurable improvements in contrast sensitivity, particularly under low light and glare. While tear-film stability remained comparable between lenses, optical design features of the MAX lens contributed to enhanced visual performance. These findings support their use in patients with high digital-screen exposure or night-time visual demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1439-1448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior uveal morphometrics in complex central serous chorioretinopathy: insights from ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography.","authors":"Nurullah Koçak, Abdülcemal Gürpınar, Bilge Eraydin","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2644388","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2644388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Anterior segment morphometric parameters, including the iris, ciliary body, ciliary process and anterior sclera, re ect uveal vascular physiology and scleral biomechanics. These structures may help clinicians better understand disorders associated with altered ocular uid dynamics within the pachychoroid spectrum.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Complex central serous chorioretinopathy is characterised by serous neurosensory retinal detachment and is commonly associated with pachychoroid features, including increased subfoveal choroidal thickness. However, the potential contribution of anterior uveal and scleral structures to its pathophysiology remains insu ciently de ned.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 32 eyes with active complex central serous chorioretinopathy and 31 age- and gender-matched controls. Iris, ciliary body, and ciliary process thicknesses were measured using ultrasound biomicroscopy under standardised photo-pic conditions. Anterior scleral thickness was measured at 1, 2 and 3 mm posterior to the scleral spur using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Subfoveal choroidal and central macular thickness were measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Correlations were analysed with false discovery rate correction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ciliary body (0.93 ± 0.11 mm vs 0.78 ± 0.10 mm) and anterior scleral thickness (0.57 ± 0.06 mm vs 0.49 ± 0.05 mm) were signi cantly greater in complex disease than in controls (both p < 0.001). Subfoveal choroidal thickness (425.7 ± 83.8 µm vs 290.7 ± 68.5 µm) and central macular thickness (330.7 ± 74.0 µm vs 226.5 ± 18.8 µm) were also higher (p < 0.001). Anterior scleral thickness correlated with ciliary body (r = 0.494), ciliary process (r = 0.498) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (r = 0.509) (all p < 0.001). Temporal iris thickness correlated with temporal anterior scleral thickness (rs = 0.410; p = 0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Active complex disease is associated with increased anterior uveal and scleral thickness, suggesting anterior segment involvement parallel to posterior pachychoroid changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1522-1533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147497882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging research on non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration treatments.","authors":"Xiaohan Ju, Jacqueline Ramke, Philip Rk Turnbull","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2579872","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2579872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common condition that causes vision impairment in the elderly, significantly impacting their physical and psychosocial well-being. Historically, treatment options to slow or prevent atrophic AMD progression have been limited but are recently increasing in number. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the research (both preclinical and clinical) on non-neovascular AMD (including early, intermediate, and geographic atrophy) treatments published in the past decade. Our study protocol was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework.Searches were conducted on MEDLINE, Embase, ProQuest, and CINAHL for studies investigating treatments for atrophic AMD (including early, intermediate, and geographic atrophy stages) published between 1 January 2014 and 14 July 2024, the search date. Data screening, full-text review, and extraction were independently performed by two researchers. Study characteristics and outcomes were summarised, and the results were synthesised narratively. The search identified 1,211 studies, of which 132 were included in this review. Studies were most often conducted in the United States (<i>n</i> = 92, 68.7%) or Europe (<i>n</i> = 25, 18.5%) and most frequently investigated antioxidant or anti-inflammatory treatments (<i>n</i> = 30, 22.7%) or complement pathway inhibitors (<i>n</i> = 25, 18.9%) as potential therapies. Over three quarters (<i>n</i> = 101, 76.5%) of the included studies reported positive outcomes. Across the decade, the number of studies published increased at an annual rate of 24.0%.This review highlights the growing body of research on atrophic AMD treatments over the past decade, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory treatments emerging as prominent, promising avenues. However, more phase III human clinical trials are needed to ensure that future therapies effectively serve the global AMD population.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1415-1423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145630658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: 'The effect of botulinum toxin A on dry eye disease and syndromes'.","authors":"Hadi Vahedi, Ali Jafarizadeh","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2648949","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2648949","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1709-1711"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147632473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended contact lens wear: will we ever break through the ten percent glass ceiling?","authors":"Nathan Efron","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2699201","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2699201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1403-1407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148419038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical validation of a multifunction ocular biometer in children.","authors":"Rui Lin, Yong Li, Yong Yang, Chaoxu Qian","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2722995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2026.2722995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Reliable ocular biometry and refraction measurements are essential for monitoring paediatric myopia in routine practice and school screening. Integrated instruments may improve clinical workflow, but measurement differences between devices can influence longitudinal interpretation.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate assessment of biometric and refractive parameters is essential for paediatric myopia management. The aim was to evaluate the agreement and repeatability of a multifunctional ocular biometer, the SW-9000ARK, compared with established instruments for ocular biometry and refraction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cross-sectional study included 361 children (mean age 10.7 ± 2.5 years; 49.0% girls). All subjects underwent non-cycloplegic measurements with the SW-9000ARK, IOLMaster 700, and Topcon KR-800 in random order, followed by subjective refraction (SR). Agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. Repeatability in 211 right eyes was assessed using within-subject standard deviation, test-retest repeatability, coefficient of variation and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SW-9000ARK showed excellent agreement with the IOLMaster 700 for axial length (mean difference -0.01 mm; 95% LoA -0.08 to +0.05 mm), central corneal thickness (+5.19 µm; 95% LoA -9.57 to +19.96 µm), anterior chamber depth (-0.03 mm; 95% LoA -0.11 to +0.05 mm), lens thickness, and keratometry, with ICC values ≥ 0.96. Spherical equivalent exhibited strong agreement with the Topcon KR-800 (+0.08D; 95% LoA -0.65 to +0.81D) and SR (+0.35D; 95% LoA -0.43 to +1.13D). Repeatability was high across all parameters (Sw = 0.018 mm for AL; ICC ≥0.94).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SW-9000ARK provides highly agreeable and repeatable measurements of ocular biometry and non-cycloplegic refraction in paediatric ametropia, supporting its use as a reliable single-platform tool for myopia management and large-scale screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond static assessment: dynamic accommodative behaviour across refractive states.","authors":"Jessica Gomes, Sandra Franco","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2722994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2026.2722994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Understanding accommodative mechanisms across refractive errors is essential for improving the clinical assessment and management of refractive errors.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Dynamic accommodative assessment may improve detection of functional differences in refractive errors that are not evident in conventional clinical testing, where accommodative differences across refractive groups remain not fully understood. This study analysed dynamic accommodative behaviour and ocular optical quality during stimulus and post-stimulus phases in emmetropes, hyperopes, and myopes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The root-mean-square (RMS) of high-order aberrations (HOA), accommodative response, residual accommodation after stimuli, microfluctuations, and response times were assessed in 75 participants (36 emmetropes, 24 myopes, 15 hyperopes), with a mean age of 23.04 ± 3.67 years. Measurements were obtained in the relaxed state and during/after 1.00 D, 2.45 D, and 4.73 D stimuli using a real-time Shack-Hartmann aberrometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Accommodative responses did not differ significantly between refractive groups at any stimulus level (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Hyperopes showed significantly higher residual accommodation after the 2.45 D (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and 4.73 D (<i>p</i> = 0.003) stimuli, and myopes exhibited significantly higher residual accommodation after the 4.73 D stimulus (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Myopes demonstrated increased microfluctuations at 2.45 D (<i>p</i> = 0.013) and after removal of the 4.73 D stimulus (<i>p</i> < 0.01), relative to baseline, indicating greater accommodative instability. Hyperopes showed significantly higher RMS HOA in the relaxed state than emmetropes (<i>p</i> = 0.028) and myopes (<i>p</i> = 0.009), and after removal of the 4.73 D stimulus than myopes (<i>p</i> = 0.009). No significant differences were found in accommodative or disaccommodative response times.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although accommodative responses during stimulation were similar across refractive groups, hyperopes and myopes showed incomplete accommodative relaxation after higher demands, and myopes exhibited greater instability during and after accommodation. Residual accommodation and microfluctuations provide valuable insights into dynamic accommodative behaviour across refractive errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}