Clinical and Experimental Optometry最新文献

{"title":"A chart-based test of contrast sensitivity in noise: reference ranges, effects of age and optical abnormality.","authors":"J Jason McAnany, Frederick T Collison","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2402834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2024.2402834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Contrast sensitivity plays an important role in the comprehensive assessment of visual function; however, measurement with standard eye charts can be affected by age and optical abnormality.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>This study describes a novel chart-based test of letter contrast sensitivity (CS) in luminance noise (the Illinois Eye and Ear Noise CS test), defines normal reference ranges, estimates test-retest repeatability, and assesses the effects of age and simulated optical abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-five individuals with normal visual function (age 18-85 years) participated. Subjects identified letter optotypes that spanned a broad contrast range (0.9% to 59.6%) printed in a book-based test. Letters were presented against a grey background (no-noise condition) and in luminance noise that consisted of light and dark checks (noise condition). A subset of 10 subjects repeated the test to define short-term variability and performed the test under three additional conditions: simulated cataract, +2.00D defocus, and low room illuminance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the no-noise condition, CS was independent of age (mean log CS of 1.74) until approximately 54 years, and declined for older subjects (CS loss of 0.1 log unit/decade). CS measured in noise was independent of age across the range of ages tested (mean log CS of 0.91). The 95% limits of agreement for test-retest repeatability was 0.19 log units. Simulated cataract, +2.00D defocus, and reduced illumination significantly reduced CS in the no-noise condition (F = 102.6, <i>p</i> < 0.001), whereas these optical manipulations did not significantly affect CS in noise (F = 2.58, <i>p</i> = 0.074).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Measurements of CS in luminance noise may be valuable, as these measures are largely independent of age and certain forms of optical degradation. CS measurements in noise may provide useful insight into visual function in patients who have combined neural and optical abnormality, as noise minimises CS loss from optical defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forty-year odyssey to Refsum disease diagnosis: impact of diagnostic delay on effective treatment.","authors":"Parker Truong, Heather G Mack, Andrew B Metha, Nelofar Deen, Doron G Hickey, Aamira Huq, Alexis Ceecee Britten-Jones, Lauren N Ayton","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2401509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2024.2401509","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal vascularisation and haemorrhage associated with netarsudil drops","authors":"Tarun Sood, Neha Chahuan, Ananya Shree","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2400322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2024.2400322","url":null,"abstract":"We report an interesting case of superficial corneal vascularization along with haemorrhages and microcystic edema confined to the inferior cornea in a female patient that are clearly attributed to...","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The clinical impact of contact lens wear on neural structure and function of the cornea","authors":"Jeremy Chung Bo Chiang, Zahra Tajbakhsh, James S Wolffsohn","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2401511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2024.2401511","url":null,"abstract":"Contact lens (CL) use is growing rapidly, with a current estimate of over 100 million wearers worldwide. Vast improvements in materials and designs have occurred over the past decades with advancem...","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of sunglass filters on contrast sensitivity, monocular eye closure, and blinking rate in people with intermittent exotropia.","authors":"Masoud Rostami,Mohammad Yaser Kiarudi,Samira Hassanzadeh,Mahdi Sharifi,Mohammed Ziaei","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2400317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2024.2400317","url":null,"abstract":"CLINICAL RELEVANCETransient monocular eye closure and photosensitivity under bright light have been reported in people with intermittent exotropia (IXT). The exact mechanism of these symptoms has not been established.BACKGROUNDThis study examines the effect of sunglass filters on contrast sensitivity (CS), transient monocular eye closure, and blinking rate under bright light in people with IXT.METHODSForty participants with IXT and complaints of photosensitivity were included in the study. The binocular CS test was performed under mesopic and photopic conditions with and without glare, and with and without two filters with different grades of light transmission (filter 1: 44-80%; filter 2: 20-43% light transmittance). The effect of two filters on transient eye closure, contrast sensitivity, and blinking rate was assessed under bright light. Also, participants were divided into 3 groups based on their degree of control of fusion (good, fair, and poor control).RESULTSThe mean age of the participants was 12.0 years ± 8.0 (standard deviation) (range: 7-40 years). There was no significant difference between the age (p = 0.139), stereopsis (p = 0.134), as well as the near and far degree of deviation (p = 0.516, and p = 0.237) between the three groups of fusion control. Under mesopic conditions with glare, mean binocular CS was significantly higher with filters (p < 0.001). Without filters, 57.5% of the participants exhibited monocular eye closure under a photopic setting with additional glare. No participant showed eye closure using filter 2. People in the poor control group showed exodeviation before monocular eye closure (62.5% without filter and 12.5% with filter 1, p = 0.01). The blinking rate decreased from 36.0 ± 4.0 blinks per minute without filter to 21.0 ± 3.0 using filter 1, and 20.0 ± 3.0 with filter 2.CONCLUSIONIn people with IXT, wearing sunglass filters of different transmittance reduces monocular eye closure and blinking rate under bright light. To improve these symptoms, sunglasses can be considered for IXT.","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of benign and malignant neoplastic lesions of the eyelid with systemic inflammatory markers","authors":"Gulce Kayıkcı, Husna Topçu, Ayse Cetin Efe, Fatma Poslu Karademir, Mehmet Goksel Ulas","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2399774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2024.2399774","url":null,"abstract":"The role and prognostic significance of systemic inflammatory markers in various malignancies have been the subject of investigation. The role of these inflammatory markers in eyelid lesions remain...","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of hordeola and chalazia during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of mask wear.","authors":"Raman Bhakhri, Rebecca Zoltoski, Moheera Athar, Shaadan Hasan","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2388125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2024.2388125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Understanding the associations between mask wear and hordeola and chalazia formation are important for eyecare physicians as they may be overlooked as a direct cause. The literature on these possible relationships is limited.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The intention of this study was to determine if there was an increased incidence of internal/external hordeola and chalazia secondary to the implementation of mask wear due to the COVID-19 pandemic in an academic clinical setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review of electronic medical records at the Illinois Eye Institute was conducted. Cases were categorised into two groups: pre-COVID/pre- mask wear (December 2018-February 2020) and during the pandemic/mask wear (May 2020-July 2022). Demographic data were also compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 163 cases of hordeola and chalazia were reported pre-COVID, with an increase to 225 during the pandemic/mask wear period. Due to the reduction in patient visits because of COVID restrictions, an incidence analysis was conducted to determine occurrence rates per 1000 visits. The pre-COVID period showed a total incidence rate of 3.06 cases per 1000 patients (hordeola 1.6/chalazia 1.57) while during the mask wearing period the incidence rate increased to 6.32 cases per 1000 patients (hordeola 2.5/chalazions 3.82). A total incidence rate ratio was calculated to be 2.1 (hordeola 1.6/chalazia 2.6) correlating to a greater chance of developing the conditions during mask wear.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An increase in the incidence of chalazia and hordeola were noted in the mask wear/pandemic group when compared to the pre-mask wear group. Increased mask wear may be a principal cause of hordeola and chalazia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation influence the visual cortex of adults with amblyopia? - systematic review.","authors":"Ana Rita Tuna, Nuno Pinto, Andresa Fernandes, Francisco Miguel Brardo, Maria Vaz Pato","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2363369","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2363369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amblyopia is the most frequent cause of monocular vision loss. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) has been used to improve several vision parameters of the amblyopic eye in adulthood. This study is relevant in order to evaluate TMS effects and to raise awareness of the need for further research. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a neuromodulation technique capable of changing cortical excitability. In the last decade, it has been used to improve visual parameters in amblyopic patients. The main goal of this systematic review is to evaluate the influence of TMS in the amblyopic eye, in the visual parameters of amblyopic patients. Searches were done in PubMed and Embase databases, and a combined search strategy was performed using the following Mesh, EMBASE, and keywords: 'Amblyopia', 'Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation', and 'theta burst stimulation'. This review included randomised controlled studies, descriptive cases, and clinical case studies with adult amblyopes. All articles that had any of the following characteristics were excluded: children or animal studies, reviews, pathologies other than amblyopia, and other techniques rather than repetitive TMS (rTMS), or Theta Burst Stimulation (TBS). A total of 42 articles were found, of which only four studies (46 amblyopes) meet the criteria above. Three of the articles found significant improvement after one session of continuous TBS (cTBS) in visual parameters like visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, suppressive imbalance, and stereoacuity. One study found a significant visual improvement with 10 Hz rTMS. Only one stimulation-related dropout was reported. The few existing studies found in this review seem to show that through the usage of high-frequency rTMS and cTBS, it is possible to re-balance the eyes of an adult amblyope. However, despite the promising results, further research with larger randomised double-blind studies is needed for a better understanding of this process.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"691-697"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Binocular vision measurements with a new online digital platform: comparison with conventional clinical measures.","authors":"Kevin J Mena-Guevara, Dolores de Fez, Ainhoa Molina-Martín, David P Piñero","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2023.2277880","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2023.2277880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>New digital systems are being developed for evaluating different aspects of the visual function, such as binocularity, and it is important to know their real performance in clinical practice in order to use them appropriately.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim was to compare binocular vision measures obtained with an online digital platform with conventional measures using prisms and printed tests.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective study enrolling 49 healthy patients (mean age: 35.5 ± 13.6 years). A complete visual examination was performed including measurement of near phoria (cover test), negative fusional vergence (NFV) and positive fusional vergence (PFV) ranges (prism bar), and stereopsis (24 patients Randot Stereo Test and 25 patients TNO Random Dot Test 19th edition). These same parameters were also measured with the Bynocs system (Kanohi Eye Pvt Ltd). Bland - Altman plots were used to analyse the agreement between methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Digital measurement of near phoria was significantly lower than that obtained with the cover test, with a median difference (MD) of 4.71 (-0.07-20.07) prism dioptres (pd) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). No significant differences were found between Bynocs and prism bar methods in NFV break (MD 2.00, range -21-26 pd, <i>p</i> = 0.584) and recovery points (MD 0.00, range -16-24 pd, <i>p</i> = .571). Near PFV were significantly lower with Bynocs (break: MD -9.00, range -38-12 pd; recovery: MD -14.00, range -43-20 pd; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Bynocs stereoacuity threshold was significantly lower than that obtained with TNO (<i>p</i> = 0.004), but significantly higher compared to Randot (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Large and clinically relevant confidence intervals for the comparison between digital and conventional measures were detected in Passing-Bablok analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Digital measures of near phoria, NFV, PFV, and stereopsis with the Bynocs platform cannot be used interchangeably with conventional measures. The normal ranges of normality for this new tool are defined.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"716-722"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72013742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of an objective binocular automated phoropter for providing spectacle prescriptions.","authors":"Erol Ozgur, Pierre-Alexandre Blanche, Edward J Bedrick, Mandi D Conway, Gholam A Peyman, Nasser N Peyghambarian","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2023.2266498","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2023.2266498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Currently eye examinations are usually based on autorefraction followed by subjective refraction (SR) with a phoropter. An automated phoropter that can also perform autorefraction may facilitate the optometric workflow.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The efficiency and feasibility of an objective autorefraction and correction system are assessed by comparing objective refractive measurements with SR on the same subjects and evaluating the visual acuity (VA) values obtained after the objective refractive measurement and correction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Objective autorefraction and correction was performed on 41 subjects using an automated binocular phoropter system. The auto-phoropter performs autorefraction by wavefront measurement and corrects the spherical and cylindrical errors with tunable fluidic lenses while the patient looks at a visual display inside the instrument. The instrument outputs are optometric constants of spherical and cylindrical aberrations. After measurement and automated correction of the refractive errors, the VA values were assessed by having the subjects look at an integrated Snellen chart. The objective measurement results were statistically compared with their SR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The correlations between SR and objective autorefraction and correction spherical equivalents (M) were 0.98 (0.97-0.99) and 0.96 (0.93-0.98), the vertical Jackson cross cylinder (J₀) were 0.96 (0.92-0.98) and 0.95 (0.91-0.97), and the oblique Jackson cross cylinder (J₄₅) were 0.73 (0.55-0.85) and 0.82 (0.69-0.90), for the right and left eyes, respectively, with the 95% confidence interval (CI) values in parentheses. 89.0% of the 82 eyes had at least 6/7.5 VA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A significant agreement between the SR and objective autorefraction and correction was observed. An all-objective refractive assessment with instantaneous verification may improve the precision of eye prescriptions and possibly reduce the procedure time.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"698-703"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41232763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}