Clinical and Experimental Optometry最新文献

{"title":"Impact of user-generated YouTube videos on knowledge and beliefs in contact lens wearers.","authors":"S L Stephanie Yeo, Adam Samuels, Lisa Keay, Kate Faasse, Nicole Carnt","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2589386","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2589386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Exposure to unregulated online content may impact health beliefs. Optometrists should be aware of these digital influences and incorporate targeted education strategies to promote eyecare practices.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigates the effect of user-generated YouTube content on knowledge and beliefs in safe lens practices, and addresses growing concerns about the quality of unmoderated online health information and its potential impact on lens usage behaviours.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a pre-post experimental design, contact lens wearers viewed selected YouTube videos about lens care. Participants were randomised to watch videos containing evidence-based contact lens advice, poor advice, or a control video. Measurements of knowledge and beliefs in the importance of contact lens care practices were assessed using questionnaires before and after video viewing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 154 contact lens wearers who were university students living in Australia participated in the study. Pairwise pre-post comparisons revealed better knowledge in the correct information group (62 vs 74%, <i>p</i> = 0.01) with improved case and lens hygiene knowledge. Belief scores improved (68 vs 73%, <i>p</i> = 0.005) and this was driven by case hygiene domain (80 vs 91%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). There were no between-group differences for overall belief score, however case hygiene belief domain was higher in the correct video (91%) compared to the incorrect (81%, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and control (81%, <i>p</i> = 0.002) groups. After adjusting for co-variates, viewing the correct video remained predictive of beliefs. Lens wearing experience and better self-reported hygiene practices were associated with better knowledge and beliefs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Viewing of videos with correct information increased belief in the importance of contact lens care, particularly case hygiene, while evidence for impact on knowledge was mixed. Contact lens prescribers need to be aware that successful interventions to improve contact lens care practices may be improved by video viewing but should also include active behavioural modification strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1215-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145630607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2705514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2026.2705514","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":"109 6","pages":"1254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blink rate self-regulation, tear volume and ocular symptoms in expert and naïve action video game players.","authors":"Marc Argilés, Patricia Ruiz-Sanchez, Antonio Ballesteros-Sánchez, Maite Valentino, Genis Cardona","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2634922","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2634922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Alterations in blink rate and dynamics are common during visually demanding tasks such as video gaming or digital device use, leading to tear film instability and ocular and visual symptoms.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Sustained visual attention during gaming may reduce blink frequency and alter tear production, increasing ocular surface symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine whether experienced action video game (AVG) players exhibited adaptations in blink rate and tear volume compared with non-video game (NVG) players, and to explore the relationship between these adaptations and ocular symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty participants (17 AVG and 13 NVG) were enrolled. All participants played Call of Duty: Modern Warfare® (Zombies mode) for 25 minutes under controlled conditions. Blink rate was recorded at baseline and during dynamic and non-dynamic scenes using the Pupil Core eye tracker. Tear volume was assessed with the Schirmer test before and after gameplay. Dry eye symptoms were evaluated using the SANDE questionnaire at baseline and the IOSS questionnaire every five minutes during gameplay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant group differences were observed at baseline in blink rate, tear volume, or SANDE scores (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). During gameplay, AVG players exhibited significantly lower blink rates than NVG players in both dynamic (5.94 ± 2.61 vs. 7.88 ± 2.40 blinks/min, <i>p</i> = 0.045) and non-dynamic scenes (10.44 ± 3.34 vs. 13.73 ± 3.82 blinks/min, <i>p</i> = 0.018). Schirmer test values did not differ significantly pre - post session (<i>p</i> > 0.05). IOSS scores increased during gameplay in both groups (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), appearing earlier in NVG players.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Expert AVG players demonstrate altered blink behaviour compared with NVG players, possibly reflecting adaptations that minimise visual information loss. These adaptations may influence ocular surface health during prolonged visual tasks. Further research is warranted to clarify the mechanisms underlying these changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1255-1264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare presentation of Sturge-Weber syndrome: ocular findings in bilateral involvement.","authors":"Fatma Busra Altas, Tuba Yilmaz Mungan, Mehmet Yasin Teke","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2616031","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2616031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1398-1400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146141073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of convergence insufficiency on speed of reading, writing, and typing in college students.","authors":"Shruti J Gawde, Ugam Ps Usgaonkar, Harshada N Narvekar","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2621968","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2621968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Convergence insufficiency is a common binocular vision anomaly among college students, and its impact on routine near work activities of students needs to be assessed.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>This study assessed the reading, writing, and typing speed of young college students with convergence insufficiency and age-matched controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study was conducted among 50 students with convergence insufficiency and 50 control students aged 18 to 25 years. All subjects underwent visual examinations including refractive assessments and evaluations of accommodative and binocular vision parameters. Reading and writing speeds were assessed using the International Reading Speed Texts (IReST) charts while typing speed was measured using the Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) software. Reading, writing and typing speeds were compared between the two groups; and their correlation with clinical parameters related to convergence insufficiency was examined. Additionally, speeds were compared among symptomatic and asymptomatic students, assessed using the Convergence Insufficiency Symptomatic Survey (CISS) scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean ± standard deviation age of the participants was 20.72 ± 2.00 years. The two groups did not differ in age, gender distribution, visual acuity or spherical equivalent (<i>p</i> > .05 for all). The median [interquartile range] reading speed was 160.34 [152.32-172.00] words per minute (WPM) in convergence insufficiency students, and 183.52 [168.34-201.36] WPM in control students (<i>p</i> < .001). Writing speed averaged 32.98 ± 4.31 WPM in convergence insufficiency students versus 36.48 ± 4.23 WPM in controls (<i>p</i> < .001). The median typing speed was 19.57 [17.57-24.73] WPM in convergence insufficiency students, and 24.15 [19.31-27.40] WPM in control students (<i>p</i> = .007). Correlation analysis showed none to poor correlations between speeds and clinical parameters. No significant differences were observed in speeds between symptomatic and asymptomatic students with convergence insufficiency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>College students with convergence insufficiency were found to have reduced reading, writing and typing speeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1314-1323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of water drinking test among normotensive and ocular hypertensive eyes with pseudoexfoliation.","authors":"Rayees Ahmad Sofi, Vijay Kumar Tripathi, Mohd Yousuf Dar, Ruksana Najeeb, Tariq Qureshi, Viney Gupta, Arnav Panigrahi","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2629451","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2629451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>In pseudoexfoliation, the Water Drinking Test (WDT) can unmask Intraocular pressure (IOP) behaviour not evident at baseline. Normotensive and ocular hypertensive pseudoexfoliation eyes need to be segregated based on their risk profile.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Pseudoexfoliation is associated with elevated and fluctuating IOP and a heightened risk of glaucoma. While WDT is used to reveal peak IOP and fluctuation, comparative data between normotensive and ocular hypertensive PEX eyes are limited. WDT responses were compared across these subgroups to identify high-risk phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional observational study, 137 treatment-naïve pseudoexfoliation eyes without glaucomatous optic neuropathy underwent WDT (1 L water over 10 min). IOP was measured at baseline, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. Eyes were classified as normotensive (≤21 mmHg; <i>n</i> = 95) or hypertensive (>21 to < 30 mmHg; <i>n</i> = 42). Derived metrics included IOPΔ, IOPnet, IOPrange, and IOPfluct; WDT positivity was predefined (Δ≥8 mmHg or ≥30%). Group comparisons used t-tests/χ² as appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed significant post-WDT IOP elevation. Hypertensive eyes had higher IOP at every time point (all <i>p</i> < 0.001) and more frequently reached IOPmax ≥30 mmHg (48% vs 11%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Normotensive eyes more often exhibited IOPnet > 2 mmHg at 60 min (64% vs 40%, <i>p</i> = 0.04). WDT positivity was comparable (25% vs 36%, <i>p</i> = 0.30). Derived fluctuation metrics (IOPΔ, IOPnet, IOPrange, IOPfluct) were not statistically different between groups (all <i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite similar fluctuation amplitudes, normotensive PEX eyes demonstrate delayed recovery (greater IOPnet), whereas hypertensive PEX eyes are prone to extreme peaks (IOPmax ≥30 mmHg). WDT provides complementary risk stratification in PEX, supporting tailored follow-up and earlier intervention in eyes exhibiting high-risk response patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1330-1337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146178216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing facial asymmetry before and after early treatment of abnormal head posture caused by ocular problems.","authors":"Masoud Khorrami-Nejad, Mohammad Reza Akbari, Yasir Adil Shakor, Haleh Kangari","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2631013","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2631013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Identifying and managing ocular causes of abnormal head posture (AHP) in children is crucial, as early intervention may not only improve visual function but also prevent the development and progression or even resolve facial asymmetry.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The effect of early AHP treatment on halting the development of facial asymmetry, or even eliminating or decreasing it with age, has not yet been evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective observational study, the quantitative and qualitative facial asymmetry of paediatric patients with superior oblique palsy (<i>n</i> = 8, 53.3%) and Duane retraction syndrome (<i>n</i> = 7, 46.7%), who had AHP and underwent strabismus surgery, was assessed before and five years after the operation. Captured photographs of the face were analysed by CorelDRAW Graphics Suite X7 software to calculate the relative facial size (RFS) and facial angle as well as evaluate hemihypoplasia, columella deviation, one-side cheek and nostril compression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median preoperative age was 4.5 years (IQR 2.5; range 1-5 years). Preoperative facial asymmetry in 14 (93.3%) patients decreased to 10 (66.7%) postoperatively. On evaluating quantitative facial asymmetry parameters pre- and postoperatively, the median facial angle changed from 0.36° (IQR 1.96°) to 0.00° (IQR 1.37°), and the median RFS changed from 1.006 (IQR 0.031) to 1.000 (IQR 0.019). Before surgery, hemihypoplasia, one-side cheek and nostril compression, and columella deviation were observed in 10 (66.7%), 8 (53.3%), 9 (60.0%), and 2 (13.3%) cases, respectively. Following surgery, there was a reduction of 20.1% in one-side face, 46.6% in cheek, and 46.7% in nostril compression. The frequency of one-side cheek and nostril compression was significantly decreased following surgery (<i>p</i> = 0.011 and <i>p</i> = 0.012, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Timely strabismus intervention for the treatment of AHP may help enhance facial symmetry in children. However, as this was an observational study without a control group, a causal relationship cannot be established.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1284-1293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147275821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraocular retinoblastoma features and treatment outcomes according to patient age at initial presentation.","authors":"Ibadulla Mirzayev, Ahmet Kaan Gündüz, Funda Seher Özalp Ateş","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2703051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2026.2703051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Age at presentation is a key biological and clinical determinant in intraocular retinoblastoma, informing tailored therapeutic approaches that balance tumour control, vision preservation, and minimisation of long-term treatment morbidity.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical features and long-term treatment outcomes according to age at presentation in retinoblastoma patients treated with frontline intravenous chemotherapy have been reported from developed countries only.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The records of 185 retinoblastoma patients (94 bilateral and 91 unilateral) treated with frontline intravenous chemotherapy (6 courses of vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin) between October 1998 and June 2024 were retrospectively reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Primary enucleation was performed in one eye of 18 bilateral cases. There were 102 (149 eyes), 36 (56 eyes), 17 (22 eyes), 16 (18 eyes), and 14 (16 eyes) patients in the ≤12 months, >12-≤24 months, >24-≤36 months, >36-≤48 months, and >48 months age groups, respectively. Of the 21 patients with a positive family history, 19 were in the ≤12-month age group, indicating a significant association with younger age at presentation (<i>p</i> = 0.016). The rate of advanced group (D/E) tumour detection was higher in patients > 36 months compared to patients ≤ 36  months old (55.9% [19/34] vs. 33.9% [77/227], <i>p</i> = 0.005). The frequency of vitreous seed detection was significantly higher in >24 months old vs ≤ 24 months old  patients (57.1% vs 29.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.001).    With increasing patient age, intravitreal chemotherapy (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and external beam radiotherapy (<i>p</i> = 0.029) were required more frequently. The 6-year globe salvage rate was significantly higher in ≤12 months age group (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Retinoblastoma patients with a family history are diagnosed at earlier ages. The incidence of group D and E retinoblastoma increases in older ages. Starting chemoreduction at an early age allows for better tumour control and increases eye preservation rates. No deaths were observed among the patients included in the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of retinal and optic disc microvasculature after strabismus surgery by optical coherence tomography angiography.","authors":"Bengi Ece Kurtul, Talip Akikol, Bunyamin Kutluksaman, Ali Dal","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2710188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2026.2710188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Strabismus surgery may lead to haemodynamic changes in the retina and optic nerve head which could affect eye function.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the possible haemodynamic changes of the retina and optic disc after horizontal strabismus surgery using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>37 eyes of 20 patients who underwent horizontal rectus muscle recession surgery were included to this prospective study. Demographic features, ophthalmological exam including strabismus findings were noted. OCTA examinations were performed preoperatively, postoperative first week and first month. OCTA measurements, including vessel density of the superficial and the deep capillary plexus, optic nerve head, foveal retinal thickness, peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, were compared among the study periods.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The median age of subjects was 9 (5-45) years. Ten subjects (50%) with esotropia underwent bilateral medial rectus recession, and 10 subjects (50%) with exotropia underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession. Postoperative first week and first month superficial whole image and parafoveal capillary plexus vessel density were significantly lower than preoperative values (<i>p</i> = 0.010, <i>p</i> = 0.008, respectively). However, no significant difference was found regarding deeper capillary and optic disc vessel density, foveal retinal thickness, and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although recession surgery did not significantly influence the microcirculation of the deeper retina and optic disc in the early postoperative period, it seemed to be associated with decreased superficial vessel density which could be suggesting a possible link to hypoperfusion and ischaemia. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of bilateral symmetric recession surgery for horizontal strabismus on the microcirculation of the retina and optic nerve head.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsidering pterygium in the context of focal limbal stem cell dysfunction.","authors":"Mehmet Gurdal, Nesrin Tutas Gunaydin, Ozlem Barut Selver","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2708026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2026.2708026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is traditionally regarded as a rare ocular surface disorder characterised by impaired corneal epithelial regeneration. Emerging evidence suggests that pterygium, a common fibrovascular lesion extending onto the cornea, may involve focal limbal epithelial or niche dysfunction. This narrative review examines clinical, histopathological and biological evidence relevant to the relationship between pterygium and focal limbal dysfunction. The peripheral light focusing hypothesis provides a biologically plausible explanation for the characteristic nasal predilection of pterygium through localised ultraviolet-related stress at the limbus, further influenced by environmental and anatomical factors. Histopathological studies have reported altered expression of limbal epithelial-associated markers in pterygium tissue, supporting possible disturbance of limbal barrier function and epithelial homoeostasis. However, these findings remain supportive rather than definitive and should be interpreted alongside established inflammatory, fibrovascular and ultraviolet-related models of pterygium pathogenesis. Pterygium may be usefully reconsidered within the framework of focal limbal dysfunction, particularly in recurrent or biologically aggressive cases. This perspective may broaden current understanding of ocular surface disease and support continued interest in limbal-preserving and regenerative strategies, including carefully defined limbal epithelial reconstruction approaches in selected contexts aimed at reducing recurrence and restoring ocular surface stability. However, current evidence remains insufficient to justify formal reclassification of pterygium as established localised LSCD or to mandate practice-changing therapeutic conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}