Clinical and Experimental Optometry最新文献

{"title":"Emerging roles of the immune microenvironment in glaucoma.","authors":"Xirui Yang, Songwei Li, Hao Guo, Siqi Wang, Huilan Sun, Jixue Wang, Xingxing Yuan","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2525299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2525299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glaucoma is a common blinding eye disease characterised by chronic and progressive degeneration of the optic nerve. Recent studies have increasingly shown that the pathological process of glaucoma involves not only traditional factors such as elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) but also significant changes in the immune microenvironment surrounding the optic nerve. Immune cells within this microenvironment, including macrophages, microglia, and T cells, play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. The activation and infiltration of these immune cells, along with the accompanying neuroinflammatory responses, may exacerbate damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGC) through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The dysregulation of these immune factors not only promotes RGC apoptosis but also affects the outflow pathways of aqueous humour, leading to further elevation of IOP. This review summarises recent advances in the study of the immune microenvironment in glaucoma, explores its role in the disease pathogenesis, analyzes the immune regulatory networks associated with glaucoma, and discusses potential therapeutic strategies based on immune modulation. These studies offer new insights into the complex pathological mechanisms of glaucoma and provide novel targets for future treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of age and gender on visual health in civil aviation: a study on the spectacles requirements of pilots and students.","authors":"Ceren Turkoglu","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2530531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2530531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Refractive errors, including myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, are common causes of vision impairment worldwide. In aviation, visual acuity is important for flight safety, as any visual impairment can affect the ability of pilot to perform essential tasks.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this work is to investigate the prevalence of refractive errors and the usage of corrective tools among civil aviation pilots and students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 2069 participants (596 aviation students and 1473 pilots) aged 18-65 were examined during their periodic medical assessments between February 2023 and February 2025. Visual acuity was assessed using Snellen charts, and keratometric measurements were obtained using an auto-refractometer. Corrective tool usage, including spectacles and contact lenses, was recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that 37.3% of participants were myopic, 50.3% were emmetropic, and 12.4% were hypermetropic. Myopia was more common in students (46.5%) compared to pilots (33.6%). In total, 43% of participants required corrective tools for distance vision, with a higher proportion of students (48.2%) using corrective tools compared to pilots (40.9%). Among those requiring corrective tools, 91.2% preferred spectacles, while 8.8% preferred contact lenses. A significant gender difference was noted in corrective tool preferences, with men more likely to use spectacles. Additionally, 41.9% of pilots aged 40-65 required near-vision correction due to presbyopia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the importance of visual health management in aviation. The higher prevalence of myopia in aviation students and the increased need for near-vision correction in older pilots underscore the necessity for proactive visual health monitoring. Early screening and appropriate corrective measures, particularly for students, are essential for ensuring flight safety. The findings also suggest the need for tailored vision care strategies in the aviation sector to address age- and gender-specific differences in visual health.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of retinal vasoreactivity to hyperoxia as a microvascular biomarker using optical coherence tomography angiography.","authors":"Ruyi Zhai, Xiangmei Kong, Gezhi Xu","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2526079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2526079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>A substantial proportion of mild coronavirus disease 2019 survivors exhibit persistent systemic manifestations despite clinical recovery. Investigating associated vascular biomarkers may provide novel monitoring strategies and elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of post-viral sequelae.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this work is to assess the diagnostic efficacy of vascular reactivity in the retina and compare it with vascular density in the evaluation of systemic damages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational cross-sectional study included 42 eyes of 24 patients who recovered from mild coronavirus disease 2019 and 18 healthy control volunteers. Optical coherence tomography angiography was used to assess the retinal vessel density. Vasoreactivity was defined as the change from baseline in vessel density after hyperoxia test. Analysis of covariance compared the ratio of intrasubject vessel density change induced by hyperoxia from baseline between the two groups. Retinal layer-specific and region-specific analyses of vasoreactivity were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vessel density showed no difference between groups. Vasoreactivity of recovered participants was significantly lower than that of controls at the inner retinal level in peripapillary (-0.09 ± 0.04 vs -0.14 ± 0.06, <i>p</i> = 0.005) region. Vasoreactivity exhibited strong diagnostic values (<i>p</i> < 0.05) whereas vessel density did not. Vasoreactivity in deep capillary plexus layer was most prominent after hyperoxic stimulation in peripapillary regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The retinal vasoreactivity to hyperoxia is a more reliable indicator of systemic health risks compared to the structural parameters of retinal vessel density. Additionally, retinal vascular reactivity demonstrates spatial heterogeneity regarding region and layer.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human papillomavirus-associated conjunctival squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.","authors":"Yu-Chieh Yang, Lei-Chi Wang, Chieh-Chih Tsai","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2525308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2525308","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum neopterin and orexin-A levels in different stages of diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Abdurrahman Alpaslan Alkan, Burak Arslan, Delil Özcan, Kemal Tekin","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2374875","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2374875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Retinopathy is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and is the leading cause of vision loss in the working middle-aged population.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the value of neopterin and orexin-A levels in patients with diabetes mellitus with different stages of diabetic retinopathy and without diabetic retinopathy and to compare those findings with results from healthy individuals without diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 65 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 22 healthy individuals without diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this prospective study. The participants were separated into four subgroups. The first subgroup included 25 patients without diabetic retinopathy, the second subgroup included 20 patients non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the third subgroup included 20 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and the fourth subgroup included 22 healthy individuals without diabetes mellitus as controls. Serum neopterin and orexin-A levels were analysed and compared among the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The age and gender of the participants between the four subgroups were not statistically significantly different (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The mean neopterin levels were significantly higher in patients included in the diabetes mellitus subgroups compared with the controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Neopterin levels significantly increased as diabetic retinopathy progressed within the diabetes mellitus subgroups. Mean orexin-A levels were significantly lower in the diabetes mellitus subgroups compared with the controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001); however, orexin-A levels were not significantly different within the diabetes mellitus subgroups (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with diabetes mellitus have higher serum neopterin and lower serum orexin-A levels compared with healthy individuals without diabetes mellitus. Moreover, serum neopterin levels increase with progression of diabetic retinopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"585-591"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contact lens fenestrations and channels in relation to tear exchange and corneal oedema.","authors":"Damien Fisher, Michael J Collins, Stephen J Vincent","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2426823","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2426823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxygen delivery and tear exchange are considered essential to maintain corneal homoeostasis during contact lens wear. Since the 1940s, fenestrations and back surface channels have been utilised in scleral, corneal rigid, and soft contact lenses in an attempt to enhance corneal oxygen transmission, facilitate the removal of carbon dioxide from the post-lens tear layer, minimise corneal oedema and prevent post-lens tear stagnation. This review examines the use of contact lens fenestrations and channels in both clinical and laboratory settings, and the effect of these modifications upon tear exchange and corneal oedema. Despite almost a century of modifying contact lenses to alter tear dynamics and promote corneal health, the evidence regarding the efficacy of fenestrations and channels is mixed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"530-543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel framework for Indigenous eye health care in New Zealand: Ngā Mata o te Ariki.","authors":"Isaac Samuels, Mataroria Lyndon, Renata Watene, Jennifer P Craig","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2388139","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2388139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Development of an Indigenous eye health framework could offer the opportunity for eye health professionals to enhance engagement with Indigenous populations.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Indigenous populations globally experience disproportionately poorer eye health outcomes than non-Indigenous peoples. Incorporating Māori perspectives of eye care and pre-existing Indigenous models of health offers potential to enhance Māori experience and engagement with eye health services. This study seeks to develop and refine a practical framework for eye health care that incorporates nine established Indigenous health principles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Qualitative methodology, guided by Indigenous Māori research principles, was used to evaluate interviews with five leading senior Māori academics surrounding the ongoing development and refinement of a Kaupapa Māori (Māori worldview centric) framework for eye care in Aotearoa New Zealand, created following Māori health consumer consultation. Interviews were semi-structured and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven key themes arose in relation to the development of a Kaupapa Māori framework for eye care in Aotearoa New Zealand: 1) vision is critical to Māori well-being, 2) cultural safety is important, 3) Māori health beliefs must be upheld, 4) achieving pae ora (healthy futures) is important, 5) key concepts and focus of the framework must be clear, 6) pūrākau (traditional Indigenous stories) are valuable resources in developing health frameworks and 7) embedding Matariki (fundamental Māori) principles is valuable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using Kaupapa Māori principles allowed development and refinement of a framework that encourages clinicians to consider Indigenous health principles when engaging with Māori patients who seek eye care. Application of this framework may contribute to enhancing cultural safety and responsiveness of eye care for Māori.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"628-635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular thermography for optometric practice - a third reincarnation?","authors":"Nathan Efron","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2431090","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2431090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"527-529"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colombian ocular diseases epidemiology study (CODES): glaucoma incidence and sociodemographic characterisation 2015-2020.","authors":"Carlos Cifuentes-González, William Rojas-Carabali, Germán Mejía Salgado, Juan Sebastián Pineda-Sierra, Diego Polania, Juan Manuel Garzón-Dangond, Juan Sebastian Orozco, Jaime Soto-Ariño, Danna Lesley-Cruz, Alejandra de-la-Torre","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2377386","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2377386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Glaucoma encompasses a group of eye diseases that progressively damage the optic nerve, leading to vision loss and blindness. Understanding the incidence and demographic distribution is vital for public health planning and patient care.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous small-scale studies in Colombia have reported the prevalence of glaucoma in individuals over 40 years between 1.1% and 5.29%. These data may not fully capture the true extent of the disease. Furthermore, with the ageing population, the incidence of glaucoma is likely to increase, highlighting the need for up-to-date incidence data to guide healthcare planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the Social Protection Information System, the primary health record repository of Colombia, using the International Classification of Disease 10 for glaucoma. Crude incidence rates were calculated and adjusted for sex, age, and gender. The 2020 incidence was compared with estimated rates from previous years to assess the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown. A standardised morbidity map was created to show regional variations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average incidence of glaucoma in Colombia was 17.36 per 1,000 inhabitants, increasing from 12.29 in 2015 to 24.22 in 2019. Of the 212,700 reported cases, 60.75% were females. Primary open-angle glaucoma was the most prevalent type, with significant incidence in the elderly over 70 years of age, irrespective of sex. Bogotá, Antioquia, and Valle del Cauca had the highest numbers of new cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The increasing incidence of glaucoma and its demographic and geographical variations necessitate the awareness of ophthalmologists and optometrists. This study emphasises the need for continuous monitoring, effective interventions, and developing healthcare strategies to address the escalating challenge of glaucoma in Colombia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"571-577"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-flow carotid-cavernous fistula.","authors":"Wenjia Xie","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2430611","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2430611","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"640-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}