Clinical and Experimental Optometry最新文献

{"title":"Readiness of optometrists in the management of geographic atrophy: a survey of optometrists in Australia.","authors":"Robyn H Guymer, Alex P Hunyor, Fred K Chen, Lyndell L Lim, Jennifer Arnold, Carla J Abbott","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2458171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2458171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Geographic atrophy is a leading cause of severe vision loss and is estimated to affect around 100,000 people in Australia alone. This survey is topical for clinical optometrists as the first treatment for geographic atrophy has just been approved by the Australian Therapeutics Goods Administration and may soon become available in Australia.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Considering that treatments for geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration are likely imminent, a survey of Australian optometrists was conducted to gauge their readiness in caring for people with geographic atrophy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists age-related macular degeneration referral guidelines working group determined 26 survey questions relating to management of geographic atrophy. Strength of agreement questions utilised a 5-point Likert scale. Optometrists answered anonymously during January to March 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 101 survey responses. Almost all (97%) respondents have access to colour fundus photography, three-quarters (74%) to optical coherence tomography, and almost half (44%) to fundus autofluorescence. Almost all (97%) see patients with GA regularly, with 73% seeing at least two geographic atrophy patients per month and the majority reviewing them every 6 months. Around half were confident in differentiating geographic atrophy from inherited retinal disease (49%) and confident in identifying early signs of atrophy (44%). Around half (46%) nominated that they would refer over 50% of their current geographic atrophy patients to ophthalmology for assessment of their suitability for new treatments. Eighty-three percent would refer a patient with good vision (6/12 or better) to initiate treatment to save encroachment on the fovea. Respondents were keen to receive more education about diagnosis (88%) and new treatments (93%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Optometrists are preparing for changes in the clinical management of geographic atrophy and are keen to receive further education to ensure optimal patient-centric care as new treatments become available.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related changes in contrast sensitivity function under different illumination conditions.","authors":"Alba Herrero-Gracia, Rosa Hernández-Andrés, Maria José Luque, M Amparo Díez-Ajenjo","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2483265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2483265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Age-related baseline data are important in clinical optometry as a reference against which vision abnormalities can be diagnosed.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF) is important for detecting age-related vision diseases. However, existing studies often overlook elderly populations under a range of testing situations, thus potentially delaying the diagnosis. Establishing age-specific data under different illumination and glare conditions may help in the early identification of certain eye diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate CSF in healthy individuals aged 50-80 years under a range of illumination and glare conditions to generate new and extended normative data for the Functional Acuity Contrast Test.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CSF was assessed under photopic and mesopic conditions, with two levels of glare: low glare (G1) and high glare (G2). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was assessed using the ETDRS chart. Participants were divided into three age groups: 50-59 years (P1), 60-69 years (P2), and 70-80 years (P3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 90 participants were included. A significant decline in BCVA was noted for those in their 50s and 60s. Photopic CSF was best with G1. An age-related decline in photopic CSF, particularly at mid- to high-spatial frequencies, was more pronounced with G2. Mesopic CSF decreased under both glare conditions (G1 and G2) and with increased age, with lower sensitivities observed, except at 1.5 c/deg. CSF variations were also associated with BCVA, age, and sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CSF declined with age, especially under mesopic conditions. These new findings suggest that testing of mesopic CSF may be a valuable tool for early detection of age-related eye diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing corneal foreign body injuries in a primary eye care setting.","authors":"Pauline Xu, Jeremiah Kh Lim","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2485237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2485237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corneal foreign body removal is a common office-based procedure conducted by primary eye care practitioners globally. In Australia and New Zealand, optometry is a therapeutic profession capable of removing embedded corneal foreign bodies. In Australia, it has been estimated that ocular foreign bodies account for more than 44% of eye-related presentations to a hospital emergency department. Studies have shown that the majority of these patients can be effectively managed by the community optometrist, reducing the burden on hospital admissions. Regardless of the setting, the use of standardised terminology - recently expanded based on the IGATES recommendations, is essential when describing eye injuries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, classification of trauma, assessment and removal procedure, tools involved and the post-removal therapeutic management of corneal foreign bodies. It reinforces the importance of the role of the primary eye care practitioner in the provision of accessible and timely care to patients with corneal foreign bodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning professionalism using creativity and diversity concepts.","authors":"Kwang Meng Cham, Anu Polster, Guy Morrow","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2361762","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2361762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Professionalism is a multidimensional sociocultural construct that is abstract, evolving and context-dependent in nature. This has made the teaching and assessment of professionalism in healthcare complex and challenging. A lack of professionalism can increase patient risk and litigation.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>This article examines group creativity and diversity across healthcare and non-healthcare disciplines and how they can assist students in constructing their own understandings and knowledge of professionalism. It is proposed that linking professionalism to creativity will improve understanding on how to help students studying healthcare learn about professionalism better.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 30 students from different tertiary levels and across disciplines participated in the study. They explored either a gallery or museum and examined an artefact relating to professionalism. Learning experiences were evaluated via survey results and thematic analyses of their reflective essays and semi-structured interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants reported increased understanding of professionalism and appreciation of perspectives and skills of others. The creative aspect of the task was fun and engaging, and group diversity enabled different opinions and perspectives to be heard and shared. This is analogous to a professional working environment. Themes generated from the essays were: (a) intrinsic motivation, (b) diversity, (c) learnings of professionalism, and (d) challenge encountered.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this research make a meaningful contribution to existing literature by empirically demonstrating that students from different disciplines could better construct their own understandings of professionalism when their learning activities were performed in an authentically creative and diverse setting. This educational concept is underpinned by diverse types of creativities that are not mutually exclusive. It is hoped that this first piece of evidence will stimulate more studies on utilising group creativity and diversity in healthcare education.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"347-353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141533768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience and its associated factors in optometry students from eight institutions across six countries.","authors":"Simon Si Ming Lim, Abi Brooker, Alessia Giampiccolo, Stan Klidis, Hui Shan Lim, Melinda Mei, Anuradha Narayanan, Jessica Neuville, Nicole M Putnam, Krithica Srinivasan, Patrick Wk Ting, Macy Tsui, Kenny Ziliang Woo, Diana T Zoumboukos, Jia Jia Lek","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2454532","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2454532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Resilience is a key enabler for healthcare professionals including optometrists, to cope with adversities and practice self-care. Evaluating the levels of resilience and its associated factors in optometry students can lead to the development of appropriate intervention strategies for academic and professional success.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The moderately high prevalence of mental health issues and burnout among optometry students suggests a need to equip the next generation of optometrists with the necessary skills to enhance mental health. Resilience has been shown to mitigate burnout among healthcare professionals and offer personal and professional benefits. Additionally, resilience education during healthcare student training can enhance mental health and wellbeing, leading to better patient care. This study aims to evaluate resilience levels and its associated factors (self-efficacy, mindfulness, positive and negative affect, and coping strategies) in optometry students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Students enrolled in optometry schools across eight institutions in six countries were invited to participate in an online survey within the period of April 2023 - January 2024. The survey comprised of demographic data, existing and validated questionnaires on resilience, self-efficacy, mindfulness, positive and negative affect, and coping strategies. Descriptive statistics and linear regressions were used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 294 valid responses were collected. There were no significant differences in resilience scores between countries. Greater resilience (<i>p</i> < 0.05) was associated with older age, higher academic grades and having no financial assistance. Additional predictors of greater resilience included higher self-efficacy, mindfulness, positive affect and acceptance scores, and lower behavioural disengagement scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Identifying factors that affect resilience in optometry students provides information for targeted strategies that enhance resilience. More work is required to understand the generalisability of these results, impact of culture on resilience, and appropriate intervention methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"310-317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the landscape of optometric education in Sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu, Tuwani Rasengane, Godwin O Ovenseri-Ogbomo, Naomi Nsubuga, Pirindhavellie Govender, Thokozile I Metsing, Sylvester Kyeremeh, Khathutshelo Percy Mashige, DIakité Daoudu, Bernadine Ekpenyong, Stephen Ocansey, Osamudiamen McHillary Ogiemudia, Obialo Iwunze Osigwe, Joseph Afonne, Andrew Wekesa, Oforbuike Onyebuchi Ike, Cynthia Odoemena, Precious Ngozi Uwagboe, Edith Daniel-Nwosu, Isaura Ilorena d'Alva Brito Dos Santos, Andrew Uma Omaka, Kovin Shunmugan Naidoo","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2446473","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2446473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Advancements in optometric education are essential for addressing the global burden of visual impairment by ensuring a well-trained workforce capable of delivering quality eye care services.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The number of optometry schools in Sub-Saharan Africa has significantly increased since 2000, reflecting a growing awareness of the role of optometry in addressing the burden of vision impairment. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the current status, challenges, and opportunities within optometry education in the region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April 28 to 31 May 2024. Data were collected from 32 out of 39 optometry schools across 12 Sub-Saharan African countries, yielding a response rate of 82.1%. Heads of optometry schools provided information on student enrolment, graduates, academic staffing, curriculum, and technological resources through a standardised Excel spreadsheet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 75% of the schools were established post-2000, with Nigeria accounting for over 40% of them. Student enrolment numbers ranged from 50 students in Zimbabwe to 3,945 in Nigeria. The curricula varied significantly from 3-year Bachelor degrees (BSc) to 6-year Doctor of Optometry (OD) degrees, with five countries offering postgraduate training. Key challenges included inadequately qualified academic staff, low staff-to-students ratio, and a lack of government recognition and regulation. The use of Learning Management Systems (LMS) was inconsistent, with Moodle being the most commonly used platform.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The expansion of optometry education in Sub-Saharan Africa represents a positive development, enhancing the eye health workforce. However, to fully realise the potential of these developments, the implementation of standardised educational frameworks, enhanced regulatory support, and increased investment in developing faculty and technological resources are essential. Collaboration and knowledge-sharing across countries can further strengthen optometric education and practice, thereby reducing the burden of visual impairment in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"282-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing optometric education through peer-reviewed publication: innovations and insights for the future.","authors":"Kerryn M Hart, James Armitage, Bao N Nguyen","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2438975","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2438975","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"229-232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and review of educational programs to train optometrists in laser procedures and injections.","authors":"Nathan Lighthizer, Komal Patel, David Cockrell, Sophia Leung, Deacon E Harle, Jay Varia, Hamed Niyazmand, Khyber Alam","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2380075","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2380075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current scope of practice for optometrists in many countries include topical and oral medication with injectable and lasers being added more recently to scope in the United States (US), Canada, the United Kingdom (UK) and New Zealand (NZ). This expanded scope of optometric practice improves access to eyecare and is critical since an ageing population with a higher prevalence of vision disorders and higher healthcare costs looms. Expanded scope has been shown alongside strong safety records. This review paper aims to investigate the expansion of optometric scope of practice regarding lasers and injectables in the US, UK, Canada, Australia and NZ. The design and delivery of post-graduation educational programs, curriculum frameworks for advanced skills and the metrics of laser procedures performed by optometrists will be discussed. The State of Oklahoma in the US was first to authorise optometrists to use lasers and injectables in 1988. As of 2024, qualified optometrists in the UK, in twelve states in the US, and specialist optometrists in NZ perform laser procedures. However, lasers and injectables are not within the current scope of optometric practice in Australia and Canada. Training courses such as Northeastern State University Oklahoma College of Optometry Advanced Procedures Course and Laser Procedures Course have been successfully designed and implemented in the US to train graduate optometrists. The outcomes of over 146,403 laser procedures performed by optometrists across the US have shown only two negative outcomes, equating to 0.001%. These metrics outline the effectiveness of these procedures performed by optometrists and show strong support for future optometric scope expansion. Eye health professionals, relevant educational institutions, advocacy groups, and policymakers are called upon to work collaboratively to expand the optometric scope of practice globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"248-257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entry-level competency standards for optometry 2022.","authors":"Ben R Hamlyn, Kerryn M Hart, Patricia M Kiely","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2358578","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2358578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Entry-level Competency Standards for Optometry in Australia identify the required knowledge, skills and attributes for an optometrist to practise safely and competently. The 2022 competencies are the sixth generation of entry-level competency standards. To ensure the standards reflect contemporary practice and the expectations placed on optometrists, a full revision of the standards was commenced in late 2019. A steering committee was appointed by Optometry Australia to oversee the development of the Entry-level Competency Standards for Optometry. The development was informed by a review of best-practice design for health professional competency standards undertaken by Paul Hager on behalf of the Optometry Council of Australia and New Zealand (OCANZ) in 2019. To identify the changes required, workshops were held with optometrists and representatives from stakeholder organisations leading to the formation of draft Entry-level Competency Standards for Optometry in early 2020. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic meant development halted in March 2020, and resumed in late 2021. Consultation on the Entry-Level Competency Standards for Optometry 2022 was undertaken in two rounds with the first being targeted stakeholder consultation, followed by public consultation. Following consultation, feedback was considered by the steering committee and amendments were made to produce the final Entry-level Competency Standards for Optometry 2022. This document outlines the development process and the major changes in the updated standards. The major changes include a redesigning of the Domains, a reduction in the level of detail and a strengthening of the expectations around cultural responsiveness and culturally safe care. The revised standards capture the current entry requirements for the optometric profession as of 2022. The updated Entry-level Competency Standards for Optometry 2022 were endorsed by the national board of Optometry Australia and accepted by the Optometry Board of Australia in February 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"380-393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of extended reality in optometry education: a narrative review.","authors":"Amanda K Edgar, Luke X Chong, Ryan Wood-Bradley, James A Armitage, Anuradha Narayanan, Susie Macfarlane","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2366366","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2366366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The evolution of digitally based pedagogies, such as extended reality (XR) - a group of simulated learning environments that include virtual simulation, virtual reality, and augmented reality - has prompted optometry educators to seek evidence to guide the implementation of these teaching and learning activities within their curricula. Looking more broadly across the medical and allied health fields, there is a wealth of evidence to guide the incorporation of XR, as it is increasingly being integrated into the curricula of other select health professions disciplines. Educators from these disciplines continue to explore and embed XR in practice. This narrative review summarises the findings and appraises the literature on the use of XR in optometry education. It identifies the learning domains in which XR has been implemented in optometry education and proposes areas for further investigation. The review questions the technology-focused approach that has driven the literature within the review and calls for richer pedagogical foundations with suggestions for future research agendas. As such, this narrative review provides optometry educators with new ways of understanding XR and its relationship with the curriculum.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"258-267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141466583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}