Clinical and Experimental Optometry最新文献

{"title":"Radial polarisation patterns identify macular damage: a machine learning approach.","authors":"Gary P Misson, Stephen J Anderson, Mark C M Dunne","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2410890","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2410890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Identifying polarisation-modulated patterns may be an effective method for both detecting and monitoring macular damage.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this work is to determine the effectiveness of polarisation-modulated patterns in identifying macular damage and foveolar involvement using a methodology that involved feature selection, Naïve Bayes supervised machine learning, cross validation, and use of an interpretable nomogram.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study involving 520 eyes was undertaken, encompassing both normal and abnormal cases, including those with age-related macular disease, diabetic retinopathy or epiretinal membrane. Macular damage and foveolar integrity were assessed using optical coherence tomography. Various polarisation-modulated geometrical and optotype patterns were employed, along with traditional methods for visual function measurement, to complete perceptual detection and identification measures. Other variables assessed included age, sex, eye (right, left) and ocular media (normal, pseudophakic, cataract). Redundant variables were removed using a Fast Correlation-Based Filter. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and Matthews correlation coefficient were calculated, following 5-fold stratified cross validation, for Naïve Bayes models describing the relationship between the selected predictors of macular damage and foveolar involvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only radially structured polarisation-modulated patterns and age emerged as predictors of macular damage and foveolar involvement. All other variables, including traditional logMAR measures of visual acuity, were identified as redundant. Naïve Bayes, utilising the Fast Correlation-Based Filter selected features, provided a good prediction for macular damage and foveolar involvement, with an area under the receiver operating curve exceeding 0.7. Additionally, Matthews correlation coefficient showed a medium size effect for both conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Radially structured polarisation-modulated geometric patterns outperform polarisation-modulated optotypes and standard logMAR acuity measures in predicting macular damage, regardless of foveolar involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"715-722"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute bilateral macular neuroretinopathy in a 12-year-old boy following a flu-like illness: a microperimetric longitudinal follow-up.","authors":"Mustafa Kayabaşı, Ayşe Bozkurt Oflaz, Seher Köksaldı, Ali Osman Saatci","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2445065","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2445065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"751-755"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-genetic risk factors for keratoconus and its progression.","authors":"Isabella M Y Cheung, Lize Angelo, Akilesh Gokul, Mohammed Ziaei","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2443454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2024.2443454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Keratoconus is a multifaceted corneal ectatic disorder characterized by a range of genetic and environmental risk factors. While genetic predisposition significantly influences global disease prevalence rates as well as severity and progression rates, emerging evidence highlights the critical interplay between environmental factors and genetic susceptibility. This article provides a comprehensive overview of environmental risk factors implicated in the onset and progression of keratoconus. Key factors include contact lens wear, eye rubbing, atopy, UV-A exposure, geographical influences, nutritional and hormonal imbalances, and socioeconomic determinants. The objective of this review is to summarise current evidence on these environmental risk factors and, where feasible, offer guidance on managing modifiable risk factors. Early identification and intervention in modifiable behaviours, especially in young patients exhibiting rapidly progressive disease, are expected to yield the most significant therapeutic benefits. Addressing these environmental factors proactively can enhance long-term patient outcomes, reducing visual impairment and improving quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":"108 6","pages":"648-656"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient evaluated economic impact of keratoconus in New Zealand.","authors":"Lize Angelo, Akilesh Gokul, Isaac Samuels, Charles Nj McGhee, Mohammed Ziaei","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2410026","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2410026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Few studies have investigated the economic burden of keratoconus to patients and society including a patient's lifetime expenditure. Analysing disease cost is important in advocating funding and planning for appropriate management and treatment.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Keratoconus can be an expensive disease, including costs associated with visual rehabilitation and surgery. This study aimed to assess direct and indirect expenditures incurred by keratoconus subjects, to estimate the lifetime per capita cost and the total costs of keratoconus per year in Auckland, New Zealand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study where participants with keratoconus were recruited from public and private clinics to complete an anonymous questionnaire. A keratoconus health expenditure questionnaire was used to assess direct and indirect expenditures for participants. Estimated lifetime per capita costs and total direct and indirect costs associated with keratoconus were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Responses from 110 participants were recorded. Most participants (55.5%) were between the ages of 21 and 30, 59.1% were male, and Pacific People were over-represented (14.5%) compared to the national population. The prevalence of visual rehabilitation was low with 74.5% of participants never wearing contact lenses and 32.7% of subjects wearing spectacles purchased over 24 months prior. Few participants (26.5%) had subsidised care, including private health insurance with optical cover or the contact lens subsidy. Total direct and indirect costs are estimated to be NZD 30.9 million per year with an estimated lifetime per capita out-of-pocket cost of NZD 79,254.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Subjects with keratoconus experience significant direct and indirect costs with limited subsidisation from the government and private health insurance. The significant out-of-pocket costs required for managing keratoconus are likely a significant barrier to accessing appropriate visual rehabilitation in New Zealand.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"688-693"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ophthalmia nodosa: migration times in a patient with severe exposure to Thaumetopoea pityocampa setae.","authors":"Vicente Miralles Pechuán, Ana Fernandez-Hortelano, Victoria Padeira Iranzo, Vanesa Mittendrein, Lorena Picasso Simon, Rosario Cobo Soriano, Julio González-Martín-Moro","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2456004","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2456004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"748-750"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143406071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating ocular health in retinal gene therapies.","authors":"Eden Kwok, Khyber Alam, Jeremiah Lim, Hamed Niyazmand, Vanessa Tang, Han Trinh, Fred K Chen, Jason Charng","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2457429","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2457429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inherited retinal disease (IRD) refers to a heterogeneous group of genetic eye disease that causes progressive vision loss and was once regarded untreatable. However, regulatory approval for Luxturna (voretigene neparvovec-rzyl) for patients with biallelic mutation in the <i>RPE65</i> gene has heralded new optimism for patients with the disease. One critical question in designing clinical trial in patients with IRD is choosing appropriate outcome measures to assess the retina, taking into consideration the slow disease progression and the inherent low vision associated with the disease. In this review, the functional and structural endpoints that have been utilised in human retinal gene therapy clinical trials in patient selection as well as measures of safety and efficacy are described. For clinicians, an appreciation of these specialised measures of eye health in a patient with IRD will enhance understanding of retinal health assessments, disease prognosis as well as facilitating discussions with patients potentially eligible for retinal gene therapy clinical trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"657-668"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macular choroidal thickness in keratoconus.","authors":"Ali Abbasi Mehrabadi, Javad Sadeghi, Nasser Shoeibi, Javad Heravian Shandiz, Mehrdad Motamed Shariati, Akbar Derakhshan, Negareh Yazdani","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2393189","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2393189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Expanding practitioner knowledge regarding potential changes in ocular structure of keratoconic eyes will improve the eye care practice and patient management.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to compare the difference in choroidal thickness between keratoconus patients and two control groups of myopic-astigmatism and emmetropic subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study was undertaken which included 50 patients with keratoconus, 50 with myopic-astigmatism, 30 with emmetropia aged between 18 and 39 years. Choroidal thickness was measured at three different locations, including the subfoveal, nasal, and temporal (750 micrometres) to the fovea, using a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with an enhanced depth imaging technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean spherical equivalents were 0.03 ± 0.05, -3.00 ± 0.2, and -3.00 ± 0.3 dioptre in emmetropic, myopic-astigmatism and keratoconus subjects, respectively. The choroid was significantly thicker in keratoconus patients than in myopic-astigmatism and emmetropic subjects in the subfoveal (396 ± 14, 314 ± 12, and 320 ± 18 μm, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.001), temporal (405 ± 14, 317 ± 12, and 328 ± 19 μm, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and nasal (376 ± 14, 285 ± 12, and 311 ± 18 μm, respectively; <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Choroidal thickness is increased in keratoconus. The exact mechanism for choroidal thickening in individuals with keratoconus is unknown, but inflammatory responses could be the reason.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"723-728"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142072154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A chart-based test of contrast sensitivity in noise: reference ranges, effects of age and optical abnormality.","authors":"J Jason McAnany, Frederick T Collison","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2402834","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2402834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Contrast sensitivity plays an important role in the comprehensive assessment of visual function; however, measurement with standard eye charts can be affected by age and optical abnormality.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>This study describes a novel chart-based test of letter contrast sensitivity (CS) in luminance noise (the Illinois Eye and Ear Noise CS test), defines normal reference ranges, estimates test-retest repeatability, and assesses the effects of age and simulated optical abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-five individuals with normal visual function (age 18-85 years) participated. Subjects identified letter optotypes that spanned a broad contrast range (0.9% to 59.6%) printed in a book-based test. Letters were presented against a grey background (no-noise condition) and in luminance noise that consisted of light and dark checks (noise condition). A subset of 10 subjects repeated the test to define short-term variability and performed the test under three additional conditions: simulated cataract, +2.00D defocus, and low room illuminance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the no-noise condition, CS was independent of age (mean log CS of 1.74) until approximately 54 years, and declined for older subjects (CS loss of 0.1 log unit/decade). CS measured in noise was independent of age across the range of ages tested (mean log CS of 0.91). The 95% limits of agreement for test-retest repeatability was 0.19 log units. Simulated cataract, +2.00D defocus, and reduced illumination significantly reduced CS in the no-noise condition (F = 102.6, <i>p</i> < 0.001), whereas these optical manipulations did not significantly affect CS in noise (F = 2.58, <i>p</i> = 0.074).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Measurements of CS in luminance noise may be valuable, as these measures are largely independent of age and certain forms of optical degradation. CS measurements in noise may provide useful insight into visual function in patients who have combined neural and optical abnormality, as noise minimises CS loss from optical defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"738-743"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Schlemm's canal morphology after trabeculectomy in open angle glaucoma assessed using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.","authors":"Selvihan Sağdıç Özçelik, Neşe Alagoz, Tekin Yaşar","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2400319","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2400319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Determining how Schlemm's canal is affected by trabeculectomy may become a marker for evaluating and monitoring surgical success.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the morphological changes in Schlemm's canal after trabeculectomy using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-five eyes of 35 patients who were followed up for open-angle glaucoma and indicated for trabeculectomy were included in the study. AS-OCT was performed preoperatively and at week 1, month 1 and month 3 postoperatively. The coronal and meridional diameters of Schlemm's canal were measured in the temporal and nasal quadrants via AS-OCT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meridional diameter length of Schlemm's canal was higher in the nasal quadrant than in the temporal quadrant. Nasally, the mean preoperative meridional diameter length was 326.8 ± 88.5 μm, which increased at postoperative week 1 and month 1. Temporally, it was 271.5 ± 91.5 μm and showed a non-significant change postoperatively. The mean preoperative coronal diameter length was 10.9 ± 6.5 μm and 11.9 ± 6.0 μm in the nasal and temporal quadrants, respectively. A statistically significant increase was found in the measurements of the nasal quadrant at week 1 (<i>p</i> = 0.005) and month 1 (<i>p</i> = 0.049), and in the temporal quadrant at week 1 (<i>p</i> = 0.023).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A significant enlargement of the canal occurs at the first postoperative week, followed by a gradual reduction thereafter. The increase in size is mostly observed in the coronal diameters, resulting in the expansion of the canal.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"694-699"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five-year changes in retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in the adult population: a population-based cohort study.","authors":"Hassan Hashemi, Mehdi Khabazkhoob, Samira Heydarian, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Akbar Fotouhi","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2410879","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2410879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Distinguishing between the pathological thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and age-related reduction requires a comprehensive understanding of the longitudinal changes in RNFL thickness within a healthy population.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>To determine five-year changes in RNFL thickness and associated factors in people aged 45-69 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This report pertains to the second and third phases of the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study. Participants were recruited by a multi-stage cluster sampling in Shahroud, Iran. Data on demographic details, visual acuity, non-cycloplegic refraction, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy were collected. High-definition optical coherence tomography was employed for retinal imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,524 eyes from 908 participants were examined. The average RNFL thickness was 92.2 ± 8.5 (95% CI: 91.6 to 92.8) and 93.1 ± 8.7 μm (95% CI: 92.5 to 93.7) in the first and second phases with a five-year mean change of 0.95 ± 4.15 μm (95% CI: 0.70 to 1.20). The RNFL thickness mean changes in the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants were 2.51 ± 7.86 (95% CI: 2.01 to 3.02), 2.93 ± 7.39 (95% CI: 2.56 to 3.29), -0.53 ± 6.15 (95% CI: -0.84 to -0.21), and -1.01 ± 4.67 μm (95% CI: -1.27 to -0.75), respectively. The five-year changes in average RNFL thickness were inversely correlated with axial length (β = -0.69, <i>p</i> < 0.001), mean keratometry (β = -0.37, <i>p</i> = 0.017), and baseline RNFL thickness (β = -0.617, <i>p</i> < 0.001). In hyperopic individuals, the increase in average RNFL thickness (β = 0.65, <i>p</i> = 0.012) was significantly greater than in those with emmetropia. Macular volume (β = 1.65, <i>p</i> < 0.001) showed a direct association with five-year changes in average RNFL thickness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Over 5 years, RNFL thickness changes were clinically insignificant in the normal population. The mean RNFL thickness seems to remain stable unless there is ocular disease. However, increased axial length and steeper keratometric readings were linked to RNFL thinning. Those with thicker RNFL measurements were at higher risk of thinning over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"706-714"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}