Clinical and Experimental Optometry最新文献

{"title":"Re: 'Enhancing eye care training: a comprehensive rubric for retinoscopy'.","authors":"Sachitanand Singh, Ashith Tripathi, Iqra Jamaal Khan, Sanskriti Singh","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2644390","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2644390","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1691-1692"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147497931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to: 'Re: impact of digital versus faxed e-referrals on triage decisions in a medical retina clinic'.","authors":"Myra B McGuinness, Michelle Waugh, Doron G Hickey, Peter van Wijngaarden, Catherine Mancuso, Peter Larsen","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2657331","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2657331","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1706-1707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of glycaemic control modalities on the risk of retinal microaneurysms in diabetes patients: an analysis based on NHANES data.","authors":"Haifeng Shan, Jingsong Cao","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2652027","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2652027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness among working-age adults. Regular fundus examinations by optometrists enable its early detection and intervention, thus preventing vision loss.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with diabetes are particularly susceptible to microvascular complications, with retinal microaneurysms (RMAs) serve as an early indicator of these diabetic retinal microvascular complications. Although glycaemic control is the principal strategy for preventing diabetic complications, the specific effects of various blood glucose control methods on the development of RMA remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On the basis of the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, the baseline data of 5,398 participants were analysed using a Pearson correlation coefficient matrix. Univariate logistic regression was employed to examine the differences in demographic characteristics, behavioural factors, and other lifestyle variables. Variables that demonstrated statistical significance in the univariate analysis, as well as those identified as clinically relevant on the basis of practical experience, were included inmultivariate regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Insulin monotherapy significantly increased RMA risk, with an odds ratio (OR) of 7.449 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In contrast, the use of diabetic pills alone did not have a significantly affect on RMA risk (OR = 1.597, <i>p</i> = 0.135). Furthermore, combination therapy, which included both insulin and diabetic pills, led to a 72% reduction in RMA risk (OR = 0.281, <i>p</i> < 0.01). In patients with diabetes, sex and fasting glucose levels were identified as independent risk factors for RMA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a synergistic protective effect of combination therapy on diabetic RMA, providing valuable evidence for blood glucose control in insulin-dependent patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1534-1544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147670890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: Impact of digital versus faxed e-referrals on triage decisions in a medical retina clinic.","authors":"Logesh Babu, Mulavagili Srikanth, Mulavagili Vijayasimha","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2654959","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2654959","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1704-1705"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147662238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ageing on reading acuity and speed in Spanish older adults.","authors":"Alba Herrero-Gracia, Rosa Hernández-Andrés, M José Luque-Cobija, M Amparo Díez-Ajenjo","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2682252","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2682252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Age-related baseline data is important in clinical optometry to diagnose vision abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim is to evaluate reading speed (RS) and reading acuity (RA) in an older Spanish population aged 50-80 years, as no comparative data currently exist for this important demographic using the Radner-Vissum Charts. Establishing age- and language-specific baseline data for reading performance in older adults is essential for accurate and full clinical assessments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Radner-Vissum Charts were administered in a well-lit room. Variables included RA, RA score, maximum RS (MAX-RS), mean RS (MEAN-RS), binocular distance-to-near best-corrected visual acuity ratio (logMAR/logRAD ratio), and critical print size (CPS). Participants were divided into three age groups in years: 50-59 (AG1), 60-69 (AG2), and 70-80 (AG3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-seven adults with normal vision participated. RA and RA scores remained constant across each age group, while both MAX-RS and MEAN-RS significantly declined with age. CPS and logMAR/logRAD ratio values tended to increase with age. AG1 maintained a MEAN-RS of 185 words per minute (wpm) until a print size of 0.0 ± 0.1 logRAD, performing significantly better than AG2 and AG3. AG2 remained stable at 160 wpm until 0.1 ± 0.1 logRAD, while the older AG3 population experienced a sharp decline at 0.20 ± 0.08 logRAD. Significant differences were found between groups for MAX-RS, MEAN-RS, and CPS, but not for RA, RA score, or logMAR/logRAD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A significant decline in MAX-RS and MEAN-RS occurs after the age of 60 years, although RA remains unaffected. An increased need for larger print size with advancing age is also identified. These findings are valuable for studies involving ageing populations and for applications in older individuals in clinical practice. Moreover, these findings have clinical implications throughout the entire Spanish-speaking world.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1620-1628"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148209981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the inner and outer retinal layer thicknesses of patients with keratoconus.","authors":"Mine Karahan, Ömer Baskurt, Zülfü Ceylan, Leyla Hazar","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2695835","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2695835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The thickness of macular layers in healthy individuals and patients with keratoconus can be evaluated using segmentation analysis to identify potential relationships with clinical stages and to determine whether a more comprehensive approach to visual prognosis is needed.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the retinal layer thicknesses of patients diagnosed with keratoconus with those of healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study examined the right eyes of 75 patients with early, moderate and advanced keratoconus and those of 50 healthy individuals as controls. Patients with systemic diseases or additional ocular conditions were excluded. Keratoconus staging was performed according to the Belin ABCD system using Pentacam data. The central macular thickness and the thicknesses of both the inner retinal layers - retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) - and outer retinal layers - outer nuclear layer (ONL), outer plexiform layer (OPL) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) - of all the subjects were assessed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography segmentation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean ages, gender distributions and axial lengths of the patients with keratoconus and those of the healthy controls were not significantly different (<i>p</i> = 0.560, <i>p</i> = 0.661, <i>p</i> = 0.117, respectively In the moderate and advanced stage groups, the mean thickness of the RNFL, GCL, IPL, and INL was statistically significantly higher compared to the mild stage and control groups (<i>p</i> = 0.041, <i>p</i> = 0.038, <i>p</i> = 0.032, and <i>p</i> = 0.029, respectively). Statistically significant thinning was detected in the ONL at the advanced stage (<i>p</i> = 0.001), with no statistically significant differences in the other outer layers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The thicknesses of the retinal layers of keratoconus patients differ from those of healthy controls. Thickening of the inner retinal layers and thinning of the outer nuclear layer can be observed in advanced keratoconus. Long-term, multicentre observational studies are needed to clarify and explain the changes in the retinal layers of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1646-1653"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kaupapa Māori approaches to creating a Māori health curriculum standard for optometry education.","authors":"Renata Watene, Mitchell D Anjou, Kelley Baldwin, Andrew V Collins, Susan Kelly, Melisa Rangitakatu, Nicola S Anstice","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2642417","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2642417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To close the gap in eye health outcomes, optometrists must acknowledge the link between clinical and cultural safety, recognise Indigenous sovereignty, and accept the ongoing harms of colonisation. The Optometry Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Curriculum Framework requires optometry programmes to embed culturally safe and responsive eye care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in their curricula. However, the Optometry Council of Australia and New Zealand recognised a complementary Māori Health Curriculum Framework was needed. A Kaupapa Māori approach, drawing upon traditional cultural knowledge and embedding critical decolonising theories, was used to create the framework. Māori curriculum experts ensured the Framework privileged Indigenous knowledges, and a Māori Health Curriculum Framework Reference group, comprised of Māori and non-Māori optometry educators, guided the project. A common foundation for Māori health curricula in Australasian optometry programmes was created through an Indigenous-led, evidence-based process. The Framework incorporated nine key themes reflecting Māori worldviews and honouring the principles of Te Tiriti o Waitangi. The Optometry Māori Health Curriculum Framework is an example of active partnership between Māori and non-Māori to achieve an accreditation framework developed by Māori, with Māori, and for Māori through consultation, codesign, and collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1680-1690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147503329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A contact lens paradox: mild discomfort is a positive attribute ensuring parainflammatory protection.","authors":"Nathan Efron","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2726399","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2726399","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and baseline characteristics of a prospective, longitudinal study of myopia progression in young adults (MAP).","authors":"Hashim Ali Khan, Huy Tran, Thomas John Naduvilath, Nina Tahhan, Thao Ha, Padmaja Sankaridurg","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2634924","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2634924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Adult myopia is not well understood, with limited studies investigating the factors that influence its progression during and beyond adolescence. Understanding myopia progression and the associated risk factors in adulthood would help clinicians identify young adult myopes at greater risk of progression, ensuring they receive appropriate clinical attention.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Myopia progression in young adults (MAP) is a 1-year prospective, longitudinal, multicentre study to document the progression of myopia and associated risk factors in young adults. The aim of this article is to report the baseline characteristics of the study population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants between 18 and 26 years of age and spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) between -0.50 and -6.00 D were recruited at two sites: Sydney and Ho Chi Minh (HCM). Data, including central and peripheral cycloplegic refractive errors, central and peripheral axial length (AL), and myopia-related lifestyle factors, were recorded at baseline and will be collected every 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One-hundred and twenty-six young adults (63 participants at Sydney and HCM, respectively) aged 21.3 ± 2.3 years (20.6 ± 2.3 vs 22.0 ± 2.0, <i>p</i> < 0.001), SER of -2.8 ± 0.8D (-2.7 ± 1.3 vs -3.0 ± 1.1, <i>p</i> = 0.17), and AL 24.8 ± 0.8 mm (25.0 ± 0.8 vs 24.7 ± 0.8, <i>p</i> = 0.033) were enrolled.The overall sample included 98 (77.8%) Asians, with 35 (79.4%) in Sydney and 63 (100%) in HCM. Myopes in HCM reported an older age at the onset than myopes in Sydney (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In HCM, greater time was spent on screens (<i>p</i> = 0.030) and less time spent outdoors than in Sydney (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that younger age at onset was associated with a longer baseline AL, a more myopic baseline SER and females had a shorter baseline AL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The design and baseline characteristics of MAP are reported. Baseline analyses indicate that younger age at onset is associated with more myopic SER and longer AL in young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1477-1488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring suppression size and its implications for amblyopia management.","authors":"Priyanka Maniarasu, Kavya Somarajan, Venkata Sai Sudheer, PremNandhini Satgunam","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2648326","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2648326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental binocular disorder, managed mostly by patching and increasingly by dichoptic binocular therapy. The criteria to cease therapy is usually determined by monocular (amblyopic eye) visual acuity improvement. Grades of binocular vision may also provide additional clinical information for amblyopia management.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Absence of simultaneous macular perception (SMP, Grade 1 of binocular vision) is indicative of suppression. In amblyopia, all grades of binocular vision are reduced or absent. With therapy, improvements in these grades of binocular vision may occur sequentially or simultaneously. The present study investigated these patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted. Patients who had undergone anti-suppression vision therapy for amblyopia were included. Visual acuity, stereoacuity, and suppression size were measured before and after therapy. Suppression size was measured using a commercially available device (VTS4) that presents dissimilar dichoptic targets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty three patients (mean±SD age: 15 ± 6.55 years) were included. Suppression size was significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.004) reduced from a median [Q1-Q3] of 2.1° [0.6°-5.0°] to 0.6° [0.6°-1.5°], following therapy. Improvement in stereoacuity (2.14 [1.84-3] to 1.84 [1.43-2.60] log arcseconds, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and mean visual acuity in the amblyopic eye (by 0.11 ± 0.09 logMAR, <i>p</i> < 0.001) was also observed. A greater proportion of patients (71%) showed a reduction in suppression size compared with those showing improvement in stereoacuity (21%), particularly among patients with larger baseline suppression size. In those starting with suppression size < 1°, the potential for improving the stereoacuity was higher (100%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Greater improvement in Grade 1 binocular vision compared with Grade 3 (stereoacuity) suggests a hierarchical recovery of binocular function in amblyopia. Additional therapy sessions may be considered to improve stereoacuity once suppression size is reduced to ≤1°. Measurement of SMP, alongside visual acuity and stereoacuity, may provide additional insights for amblyopia management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1598-1607"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147572430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}