Clinical and Experimental Optometry最新文献

{"title":"So far away: threshold copying distances for multiple-choice answers in different exam room settings.","authors":"Andrew Carkeet, Vy T Dinh, Leo Ho, Bernice Lee, Yosef K Asfha, Hui Yee Reiko Tang, Ying Xuan Toh","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2445068","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2445068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Paper-based multiple-choice exams are commonly used to assess students. Answer sheets for these exams have a configuration which affords a potential opportunity for cheating.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>A proportion of students report cheating on assessments. This research assessed maximum distances at which multiple-choice answer sheets could be copied in different rooms and for different viewing conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 10 healthy observers. Stimuli were generated on a University standard multiple-choice answer template with 40 answer responses recorded for each sheet. Responses were recorded at a range of test distances. Method of constant stimuli and probit analysis was used to estimate the threshold copying distance at which 62.5% of responses were correctly identified. With the copied sheets flat on a desk, testing took place in a tiered lecture theatre, a flat exam room, and with the exam positioned at different angles of regard: straight-ahead, at 45 degrees to straight ahead (oblique), and sideways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Threshold distances were greater in the tiered lecture theatre than the flat exam room and were greater in the straight-ahead position than the oblique position, in turn greater than the sideways viewing position. In the straight-ahead position in the tiered lecture theatre, exam answer sheets could be copied from 7.12 m; and in a flat room, from 3.34 m. For the sideways viewing condition threshold copying distances were 2.58 m (tiered lecture), and 2.36 m (flat room).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multiple-choice answer sheets can be copied from relatively large distances, a potential opportunity for academic dishonesty. Tiered lecture rooms should not be used as venues for multiple-choice exams. Multiple-choice answer sheets can be redesigned to reduce the risk of copying. These results will be of practical and theoretical interest to educators, administrators and students.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"886-892"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The quality, reliability and educational values of YouTube videos for low vision patients.","authors":"Luis Pérez-Mañá, Bernat Sunyer-Grau, Abina Dhital, Marc Argilés","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2435514","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2435514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Access to high-quality educational resources is essential for patients with low vision. Providing curated recommendations for reliable materials can help ensure patients receive accurate information for effective visual health management.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Visual impairment is a global issue affecting millions. The internet serves as a significant source of information, but the quality and reliability of this information can vary greatly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online search on YouTube was conducted using keywords such as 'Low Vision', 'Vision Impairment', 'Low Vision Aids', and 'Low Vision Rehabilitation'. Videos were screened based on inclusion criteria, and those that did not meet these criteria were excluded. The selected videos were assessed using three evaluation tools: modified DISCERN criteria (mDISCERN), JAMA benchmark criteria, and Global Quality Score (GQS). Three low-vision optometrists independently performed the assessments, and video popularity was measured using the video power index (VPI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 116 videos were included in the analysis. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated significant differences between the results of the three video evaluation tools and video quality (<i>p</i> < .001). The comparison between videos produced by universities vs. professional organisations vs. private companies showed no significant differences between groups and VPI (<i>p</i> = .522), but a significant difference was found with mDISCERN (<i>p</i> < .001), JAMA (<i>p</i> < .001), and GQS (<i>p</i> = .014). No significant differences in quality were found in gender analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>YouTube can be a valuable source of information for low vision patients, but healthcare providers need to guide patients towards high-quality resources while ensuring oversight of the content.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"844-849"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vision-related quality of life and near-work visual symptoms in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"A Eusebio López-Hernández, Carmen Miquel-López, José Javier García-Medina, Diego García-Ayuso","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2422473","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2422473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with visual symptoms that may impact daily activities such as near-work tasks and social interactions. Addressing these visual issues is important for improving the overall quality of life and functional outcomes in individuals with ADHD, particularly in academic and social settings.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the relationship between vision-related quality of life and near-work visual symptoms in patients with ADHD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 37 individuals with ADHD was compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 37). The 25-Item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptoms Survey (CISS) were used to assess vision-related quality of life and near-work visual symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean NEI VFQ-25 scores were not significantly different between the ADHD and control groups. However, individuals with ADHD scored lower on the near activities (<i>p</i> = 0.032; Cohen's d = -0.511), social functioning (<i>p</i> = 0.045; Cohen's d = -0.481) and driving (<i>p</i> = 0.007; Cohen's d = -0.124) subscales. The CISS scores were significantly higher in the ADHD group (23.43 ± 11.22) than in the control group (14.02 ± 9.36; <i>p</i> < 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.910), indicating a significant relationship between ADHD and the presence of symptomatic subjects (<i>p</i> < 0.001; Cramer's V = 0.541). Medication did not affect NEI VFQ-25 or CISS scores. Female gender was associated with an increased number of symptomatic subjects based on their CISS scores (<i>p</i> = 0.043; Cramer's V = 0.396). Symptomatic ADHD individuals had lower NEI VFQ-25 scores (85.02 ± 12.68 vs. 96.02 ± 4.63, <i>p</i> = 0.008; Cohen's d = -0.969), indicating compromised vision-related quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with ADHD experienced a reduced vision-related quality of life and increased near-work visual symptoms, suggesting potential repercussions on academic performance and social adaptability. This study underscores the importance of addressing visual issues in the ADHD population to enhance their overall well-being and functional outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"830-837"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A quiet revolution in corneal imaging.","authors":"Nathan Efron","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2416455","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2416455","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"757-759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the reliability of the responses of large language models to keratoconus-related questions.","authors":"Mustafa Kayabaşı, Seher Köksaldı, Ceren Durmaz Engin","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2419524","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2419524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Artificial intelligence has undergone a rapid evolution and large language models (LLMs) have become promising tools for healthcare, with the ability of providing human-like responses to questions. The capabilities of these tools in addressing questions related to keratoconus (KCN) have not been previously explored.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>In this study, the responses were evaluated from three LLMs - ChatGPT-4, Copilot, and Gemini - to common patient questions regarding KCN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty real-life patient inquiries regarding general information, aetiology, symptoms and diagnosis, progression, and treatment of KCN were presented to the LLMs. Evaluations of the answers were conducted by three ophthalmologists with a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 'strongly disagreed' to 'strongly agreed'. The reliability of the responses provided by LLMs was evaluated using the DISCERN and the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) scales. Readability metrics (Flesch Reading Ease Score, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, and Coleman-Liau Index) were calculated to evaluate the complexity of responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ChatGPT-4 consistently scored 3 points or higher for all (100%) its responses, while Copilot had five (10%) and Gemini had two (4%) responses scoring 2 points or below. ChatGPT-4 achieved a 'strongly agree' rate of 74% across all questions, markedly superior to Copilot at 34% and Gemini at 42% (<i>p</i> < 0.001); and recorded the highest 'strongly agree' rates in general information and symptoms & diagnosis categories (90% for both). The median Likert scores differed among LLMs (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with ChatGPT-4 scoring highest and Copilot scoring lowest. Although ChatGPT-4 exhibited more reliability based on the DISCERN scale, it was characterised by lower readability and higher complexity. While all LLMs provided responses categorised as 'extremely difficult to read', the responses provided by Copilot showed higher readability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the responses provided by ChatGPT-4 exhibiting lower readability and greater complexity, it emerged as the most proficient in answering KCN-related questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"784-791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related changes in contrast sensitivity function under different illumination conditions.","authors":"Alba Herrero-Gracia, Rosa Hernández-Andrés, Maria José Luque, M Amparo Díez-Ajenjo","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2483265","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2483265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Age-related baseline data are important in clinical optometry as a reference against which vision abnormalities can be diagnosed.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF) is important for detecting age-related vision diseases. However, existing studies often overlook elderly populations under a range of testing situations, thus potentially delaying the diagnosis. Establishing age-specific data under different illumination and glare conditions may help in the early identification of certain eye diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate CSF in healthy individuals aged 50-80 years under a range of illumination and glare conditions to generate new and extended normative data for the Functional Acuity Contrast Test.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CSF was assessed under photopic and mesopic conditions, with two levels of glare: low glare (G1) and high glare (G2). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was assessed using the ETDRS chart. Participants were divided into three age groups: 50-59 years (P1), 60-69 years (P2), and 70-80 years (P3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 90 participants were included. A significant decline in BCVA was noted for those in their 50s and 60s. Photopic CSF was best with G1. An age-related decline in photopic CSF, particularly at mid- to high-spatial frequencies, was more pronounced with G2. Mesopic CSF decreased under both glare conditions (G1 and G2) and with increased age, with lower sensitivities observed, except at 1.5 c/deg. CSF variations were also associated with BCVA, age, and sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CSF declined with age, especially under mesopic conditions. These new findings suggest that testing of mesopic CSF may be a valuable tool for early detection of age-related eye diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"880-885"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From infection prevention to injury: periorbital skin avulsion following cataract surgery.","authors":"Yusuf Ziya Sahinoglu, Mehmet Serhat Mangan, Nimet Yeşim Ercalik, Ceyhun Arici, Abdulkadir Irmak","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2497879","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2497879","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"899-901"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myopia progression in young adults: insights from real-world clinical data.","authors":"Manoj K Manoharan, Uday Prasad Tivari, Jagadesh C Reddy, Pavan K Verkicharla","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2475200","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2475200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Myopia may progress even during adulthood. Clinical trials are required to evaluate the effectiveness of myopia control interventions in adults.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate what proportion of young adults undergo myopia progression of <-0.50 D and the factors associated with this progression based on data from real-world clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 2,683 myopes with spherical equivalent (SE) ranging from -0.50D to -14.75D. The spherical and cylindrical components were separately categorised into mild, moderate, and high-magnitude groups. Myopia progression was calculated as the difference between the previous spectacle prescription (obtained from a 1-year-old spectacle) and the current refraction. A binary logistic regression model was used to obtain the odds ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean ± standard deviation age of myopic individuals was 24.45 ± 2.74 years (range: 18-30) and annual myopia progression was -0.22 ± 0.38D. Out of 2,683 myopes, 2,341 (87.3%) had stable refraction (annual change: ≤0.25 to ≥-0.50 D), and 342 (12.7%) myopes had progression of <-0.50 D. Overall, 4.6% (<i>n</i> = 124/2,683) of myopes had a change in refraction of ≤-1.00 D. The younger age group (18-20 years, OR 1.63 [95% CI 1.03-2.57], <i>p</i> = 0.04), high-spherical equivalent (OR 2.37 [95% CI 1.28-4.38]), and high-cylinder (OR 6.60 [95% CI 3.40-12.81]) were found to be significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) associated with increased odds of myopia progression. Age of apparent myopia onset, gender, and spherical components were not associated with myopia progression (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>About 1 out 20 myopes in clinical settings tend to have progression of one dioptre even during adulthood. Regular monitoring of biometry in young adults with high-spherical equivalent and astigmatism could aid in the identification of those with myopia progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"873-879"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of deep eutectic solvents to develop advanced contact lens disinfectants.","authors":"Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Mustafa Khamis, Taleb Ibrahim, Naveed Ahmed Khan","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2461236","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2461236","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"902-903"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy on conjunctival morphology and visual quality.","authors":"Metin Unlu, Duygu Gulmez Sevim, Alperen Vural, Hidayet Sener, Furkan Ozer, Kuddusi Erkılıc","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2438978","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2438978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR) is one of the preferred interventions for occlusion of the nasolacrimal drainage system. Understanding the bulbar conjunctival changes that occur after EN-DCR surgery will provide better insight into the effect of this procedure on visual quality and patient comfort.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate visual quality and bulbar conjunctival cytologic changes using in vivo confocal microscopy and corneal topography in patients with epiphora resulting from nasolacrimal duct obstruction after EN-DCR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen eyes of 19 patients with epiphora were enrolled. All patients underwent EN-DCR with silicone tube intubation. Before and six months after EN-DCR, higher-order aberrations (HOAs) were measured using the Sirius corneal topographer/aberrometer, and bulbar conjunctival changes were assessed using in vivo confocal microscopy. Root mean square values of coma, trefoil, spherical, and total HOAs were analysed. Conjunctival superficial and basal epithelial cell and goblet cell densities and bulbar conjunctival changes were evaluated. The severity of epiphora was assessed by the Munk score before and six months after EN-DCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen eyes of 19 patients (16 women and 3 men) were examined. The mean age of the patients was 40.8 ± 9.8 years. Total HOA and coma aberrations were significantly decreased at six months after EN-DCR compared to preoperatively. Conjunctival superficial and basal epithelial cell densities and epithelial thickness were significantly increased while goblet cell density was unchanged at six months after EN-DCR. There was also a significant improvement in Munk score six months postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EN-DCR can lead to conjunctival remodelling. Alterations in HOAs and point spread function may occur during the postoperative period. Moreover, point spread function may be positively associated with Munk score.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"807-813"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}