Clinical and Experimental Optometry最新文献

{"title":"Re: 'genetics and eye health: research advances and implications for primary eyecare'.","authors":"Jiayi Chen","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2619494","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2619494","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1708"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146050554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unusual foreign object on the intraocular lens.","authors":"Kemal Örnek","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2637676","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2637676","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1701-1703"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeatability of choroidal optical coherence tomography angiography metrics in healthy young adults.","authors":"Azam Darvishi, Scott A Read, Stephen J Vincent, David Alonso-Caneiro","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2674036","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2674036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Assessment of choroidal perfusion plays an important role in evaluating ocular vascular status and may assist in managing vascular alterations in ocular and systemic disease.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography enables non-invasive assessment of choroidal perfusion; however, repeatability across different depths remains unclear. This study evaluated within- and between-day repeatability of choroidal OCT angiography measurements in healthy young adults and the effect of image pre-processing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty healthy adults (18-35 years) underwent repeated imaging using Heidelberg Spectralis OCT angiography. Perfusion density was quantified in choriocapillaris and three custom slabs representing superficial, intermediate, and deep choroid. The standard (device-defined) choroidal slab was also analysed. Within-day repeatability used scans acquired 60 minutes apart, and between-day repeatability scans from different days at the same time. The influence of image pre-processing was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Perfusion density differed significantly across layers, increasing from superficial to deep (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while the choriocapillaris did not differ from superficial or intermediate layers, it was lower than the deep choroid (<i>p</i> = 0.014). A significant regional effect was observed, with higher perfusion density in the central (1 mm) than inferior (2 mm) region (<i>p</i> = 0.009). Within-day repeatability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.90), with standard choroid showing highest stability. Between-day repeatability was good (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.77-0.91), with the greater variability in deeper layers. Variability was lower in the 2 mm parafoveal zone compared to the 1 mm foveal zone in the standard and deep choroid (both <i>p</i> < 0.05). Image pre-processing significantly improved between-day repeatability for standard choroid (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Choroidal perfusion metrics showed excellent within-day and good between-day repeatability, with systematic differences across layers and regions. Image pre-processing improved measurement precision, supporting OCT angiography as a reliable tool for clinical and research assessment of the choroid.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1554-1566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148210011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Re: enhancing eye care training: a comprehensive rubric for retinoscopy.","authors":"Vijay Kumar Yelagondula, Sarannya Dutta, Mohammad Rizwan, Sitharamanjaneyulu Madhukuri, Shailaja P Reddy, Avinash Pathengay","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2651224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2026.2651224","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":"109 7","pages":"1693-1694"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of steam warming eye masks on choroidal perfusion, visual function, dry eye measures, and symptoms in children with myopia.","authors":"Kemeng Gao, Yueli Xu, Yasuto Saita, Hezhong Liu, Minyun Cai, Guangyun Xing","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2631765","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2631765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Innovative eye warming therapies may enhance comfort and ocular health in paediatric patients, potentially aiding in myopia management. Recognising the impact of ocular surface and perfusion improvements can guide optometrists in adopting non-invasive, supportive interventions to promote eye health and prevent progression of myopia in children.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigates the effects of steam-warming eye masks on the potential prevention and management of myopia in Chinese children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-arm design was used, enrolling myopic and pre-myopic children at Shanghai Aier Puliang Eye Hospital from July 8 to 1 August 2024. All participants underwent treatment with steam-warming eye masks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 127 eyes from 68 children, with 31 classified as pre-myopic and 37 as myopic. The application of the steam warming eye mask led to significant improvements in key ocular parametres. Choroidal perfusion in the central retina increased significantly in the 0-9 mm and 3-9 mm regions (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Symptom scores for eye strain, dryness, and soreness decreased by 60.75%, 22.96%, and 33.24%, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Ocular amplitude of accommodation and blink stability improved by 13.90% (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and 25.26% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), respectively. No significant changes were found in visual acuity or refractive error, nor in tear meniscus height (<i>p</i> = 0.117).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Steam warming eye mask significantly improved ocular comfort, visual function, and choroidal perfusion in children, suggesting its potential as a practical tool for managing paediatric ocular health and controlling myopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1468-1476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring clinical determinants and machine learning-based prediction of disease characteristics in Graves ophthalmopathy.","authors":"Anıl Ağaçkesen, Titap Yazıcıoğlu, Murat Oklar, Ahmet Can Özdemir, Fatih Çoban, Naile Gökkaya, Uğur Dinç","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2685068","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2685068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Improved risk stratification in Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) may support earlier recognition of severe disease patterns and more individualised clinical monitoring.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>GO exhibits heterogeneous clinical behaviour, and predicting disease severity and course remains challenging. This study aimed to evaluate clinical determinants of disease phenotype and severity in patients with established GO using conventional statistical analyses and machine learning (ML) approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of 153 patients with GO were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic characteristics, clinical findings, thyroid function, autoantibody levels, smoking status and MRI-defined tissue phenotype were analysed. Patients were classified according to disease severity, activity, onset pattern, and tissue predominance. In addition to classical statistical tests, logistic regression, random forest, support vector classifier, and k-nearest neighbours algorithms were trained and evaluated using accuracy, F1-score, and AUC metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Male sex and active smoking were significantly associated with higher disease severity and activity. Muscle-predominant GO was associated with older age, male sex, smoking, higher severity, and higher activity. No significant differences were observed among clinical subgroups regarding thyroid hormone levels or autoantibody titres. Among ML models, tissue predominance showed the strongest predictive performance, followed by ophthalmopathy severity, whereas disease activity and ophthalmopathy onset showed lower discrimination. Explainability analyses identified sex, age, and smoking as the most relevant contributors across models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Demographic and clinical factors contributed more consistently to classification performance than thyroid related biochemical parameters. ML models provided variable but clinically interpretable discrimination across different dimensions of GO and may support future risk stratification approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1567-1578"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148210042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient experiences of laser and surgical lid procedures performed by optometrists.","authors":"Nathan Lighthizer, Jingyi Chen, Hamed Niyazmand, Komal Patel, Jonathan Janzen, Pauline Xu, Neal Whittle, Jeff Miller, Matthew Krein, Khyber Alam","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2699980","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2699980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Optometrists are authorised to perform YAG capsulotomy, selective laser trabeculoplasty, and laser peripheral iridotomy in various jurisdictions within the United States. Modernised scope of practice evolved in response to the ageing population, ophthalmology workforce shortage and maldistribution, and the need for increased access to eye care. However, there is a paucity of literature on the experiences of patients who have had laser and surgical procedures performed by optometrists.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>This study explores the experiences of patients who underwent laser and surgical lid procedures performed by optometrists. It also investigates perceptions of care, barriers, and enablers to access.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients who underwent in-office procedures performed by optometrists affiliated with the Northeastern State University College of Optometry clinics across Oklahoma. A qualitative descriptive approach was used and the interview guide included open-ended questions that sought to understand patient experiences and access to care. The interviews were conducted up to three months post-procedure. The transcripts were manually cleaned and de-identified, and thematic analysis and coding were conducted by two independent researchers using NVivo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty patients including 20 females and 10 males participated in the study. The procedures included selective laser trabeculoplasty (<i>n</i> = 8), laser capsulotomy (<i>n</i> = 8), laser vitreolysis (<i>n</i> = 4), and surgical lid procedures (<i>n</i> = 10). Four major themes were identified including access to care, expectations, person-centred care, and quality of life improvement. Participants felt confident in the optometrists' ability to deliver procedures safely and effectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Participants reported that optometrists performing advanced procedures enabled access to quality, person-centred care. These outcomes, alongside robust clinical and safety data in the literature, support the provision of advanced procedures by optometrists. As such, there is a compelling rationale for other US states and international jurisdictions to consider similar healthcare frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1459-1467"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148469396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure and non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy: an illustrative case.","authors":"Ali Devebacak, Dilek Top Karti, Busra Sutas, Murat Tunç, Omer Karti, Ali Osman Saatci","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2725047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2026.2725047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy may occur following exposure to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, although a causal relationship has not been established.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent evidence has raised concern regarding a possible association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. We describe an illustrative case occurring in a younger patient without diabetes mellitus or hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 37-year-old woman with obesity and insulin resistance developed painless unilateral visual loss following three once-weekly doses of semaglutide, all administered before symptom onset. Clinical examination, multimodal ophthalmic imaging, visual field testing, neuroimaging, and laboratory investigations were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The right eye showed optic disc oedema, a dense inferior altitudinal visual field defect, and marked peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickening, supporting a diagnosis of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Investigations excluded alternative inflammatory, demyelinating, infectious, arteritic, compressive, and pseudopapilloedema-related causes. At three months, the optic disc oedema had resolved with residual pallor, while the visual field defect persisted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although causality cannot be established from a single case, recent glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exposure may be relevant when evaluating atypical optic neuropathy in younger patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearable technologies in ophthalmic care and visual science.","authors":"Danni Qiao, Kaikai Zhao, Jingjing Jiang, Zhuoting Zhu, Li Li, Peifang Dong, Shuihua Lu, Andrzej Grzybowski, Kai Jin","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2723001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2026.2723001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Wearable technologies may enable eyecare practitioners to assess visual function, behaviour, environmental exposure, and treatment needs beyond the clinic. However, most applications require stronger clinical validation, usability evaluation, and evidence of patient benefit before routine implementation.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Wearable devices may extend ophthalmic assessment and support beyond episodic clinic visits by capturing visual behaviour, environmental exposure, task performance, and ocular or periocular physiological signals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This scoping review mapped English-language publications from 2018 to 2025 concerning wearable device classes, ophthalmic applications, the analytical roles of artificial intelligence, evidence maturity, and barriers to translation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Database searches identified 465 records; 310 remained after duplicate removal and were screened, 100 full-text articles were assessed, and 35 studies were included. Evidence was strongest for objective exposure monitoring in myopia research, headset-based assessment of visual function, and assistive technologies for people with low vision or blindness. Artificial intelligence was used mainly for temporal signal interpretation, multimodal integration, and real-time assistive feedback rather than autonomous diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most systems remain at the technical validation or early clinical feasibility stage. Broader implementation requires stronger analytical and clinical validation, patient-centred outcomes, regulatory planning, usability evidence, and safeguards for privacy and interoperability.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroretinographic evaluation of single vision contact lenses with non-refractive opaque features.","authors":"Ravi C Bakaraju, Paul A Constable, Daniel Tilia, Kevin Patel, Ranjay Chakraborty","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2659189","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2659189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Electroretinography provides insights into how optical interventions, e.g., contact lenses (CLs), may influence retinal function. Understanding acute retinal responses is important for the ongoing development of myopia control strategies.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the acute effects of single-vision (test) soft CLs incorporating non-refractive opaque elements on retinal function. These lenses are designed to modulate retinal ganglion cell activity through Active Reconfiguration in Retinal Encoding of Spatio-Temporal signalling with a potential for myopia control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomised, contralateral-eye study, 30 participants (18 to 25 years; refractive error: 0.00D to -5.50D) wore single-vision test and control CLs. Electroretinograms were recorded at baseline, 10, and 40 minutes using red flash stimuli (38 Troland-seconds at 3.8 Hz) on a blue background (380 Trolands). Time-amplitude and Discrete Wavelet Transform analyses quantified changes in retinal response. Metrics included a-wave and b-wave peak times and amplitudes, Photopic Negative Response (PhNR) amplitude and timing, P-ratio, W-ratio, and OFF/ON pathway coefficients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TTest lenses induced significant delays in a-wave (mean difference [MD]: 0.26 ms, <i>p</i> = 0.008) and b-wave (MD: 0.26 ms, <i>p</i> < 0.001) peak times, with no significant amplitude changes. PhNR amplitude was significantly reduced (MD: 0.42 µV, <i>p</i> = 0.01), and peak time was delayed (MD: 0.51 ms, <i>p</i> = 0.02). P ratio (MD: -0.04, <i>p</i> = 0.001), and W-ratio (MD: -0.04, <i>p</i> = 0.004) significantly suppressed with test lenses. Time-frequency analysis revealed selective suppression of OFF-pathway activity (40Hz coefficient, MD: -0.89 µV-s, <i>p</i> = 0.02) with test lenses, while ON-pathway components remained stable. 80Hz oscillatory potentials were significantly reduced with test lenses (MD: -1.35 µV-s, <i>p</i> = 0.02).   .</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-refractive opaque features within an otherwise single-vision CL can induce short-term changes in retinal signalling, characterised by temporal shifts in post-receptoral signalling, potentially suggesting pathway-specific modulation of inner retinal circuits. Additional studies are needed to confirm the preliminary findings to facilitate insights into the retinal mechanism of action with such interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1424-1438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147971042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}