Clinical and Experimental Optometry最新文献

{"title":"Visual field requirements for driving across various jurisdictions and their rationale.","authors":"Nauman Ahmed, Clare L Fraser","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2475208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2475208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An intact visual field is essential for safe driving and therefore is a requirement for driving in many jurisdictions. There is significant variation in the standards applied. Using an online search, guidelines and policy statements were obtained regarding driving vision standards from jurisdictions who used English as an official language and included visual field requirements. Scientific research cited in these documents was reviewed. The evidence base for vision standards was heterogenous with visual field requirements for the horizontal meridian, the vertical meridian and fixation varying markedly between jurisdictions. Research influencing driving guidelines was unable to provide specific recommendations and relied on different forms of visual field assessment and characterisation. The final visual standards chosen by any one jurisdiction are often of unclear origin. Alternative methods of visual field assessment that better recreates the driving experience may help transport authorities reach a consensus. Additionally more jurisdictions may be able to use visual fields as a barrier to operating a motor vehicle if visual field assessment became more accessible.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"So far away: threshold copying distances for multiple-choice answers in different exam room settings.","authors":"Andrew Carkeet, Vy T Dinh, Leo Ho, Bernice Lee, Yosef K Asfha, Hui Yee Reiko Tang, Ying Xuan Toh","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2445068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2024.2445068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Paper-based multiple-choice exams are commonly used to assess students. Answer sheets for these exams have a configuration which affords a potential opportunity for cheating.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>A proportion of students report cheating on assessments. This research assessed maximum distances at which multiple-choice answer sheets could be copied in different rooms and for different viewing conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 10 healthy observers. Stimuli were generated on a University standard multiple-choice answer template with 40 answer responses recorded for each sheet. Responses were recorded at a range of test distances. Method of constant stimuli and probit analysis was used to estimate the threshold copying distance at which 62.5% of responses were correctly identified. With the copied sheets flat on a desk, testing took place in a tiered lecture theatre, a flat exam room, and with the exam positioned at different angles of regard: straight-ahead, at 45 degrees to straight ahead (oblique), and sideways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Threshold distances were greater in the tiered lecture theatre than the flat exam room and were greater in the straight-ahead position than the oblique position, in turn greater than the sideways viewing position. In the straight-ahead position in the tiered lecture theatre, exam answer sheets could be copied from 7.12 m; and in a flat room, from 3.34 m. For the sideways viewing condition threshold copying distances were 2.58 m (tiered lecture), and 2.36 m (flat room).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multiple-choice answer sheets can be copied from relatively large distances, a potential opportunity for academic dishonesty. Tiered lecture rooms should not be used as venues for multiple-choice exams. Multiple-choice answer sheets can be redesigned to reduce the risk of copying. These results will be of practical and theoretical interest to educators, administrators and students.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness of sports vision among the coaches of cricket and badminton.","authors":"Shankar Dass, Pooja Dogra, Digvijay Singh","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2475205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2475205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Coaches are vital in assessing the abilities of athletes to hone the appropriate skills for best results. Visual skills play an important role in player performance and can be emphasised by coaches because the players physical, mental, and visual health condition is considered an essential element for improving performance in sports.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>It is believed that if a coach has expertise in a particular sport in all aspects, he will be more successful in meeting the needs of the player. Several studies show that the physical and mental health of players is of great importance in their sports performance which can be achieved through the knowledge of a coach of health and expertise along with sports training.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The study was conducted by using a self-structured questionnaire and distributed to 52 coaches along with the information sheet.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The coaches had a mean age of 37.94 ± 8.76 years, with 16(30.8%) females and 36(69.2%) males. The coaches had 6.54 ± 3.25 years of experience. National-level training was more prevalent, representing 26(50%) of occurrences, followed by state-level training with 15(28.8%) of occurrences and district-level training with only 11(21.2%) of occurrences. Only 25% of the coaches had heard of the term 'visual skills' and the remaining 75% were unaware of this term. A comparison test was applied and found that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding their level of awareness. The <i>p</i>-value in the analysis was found to be greater than 0.05 (<i>p</i> > 0.05) throughout the questionnaire responses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study concludes that there is a need for educational and awareness programs for coaches of the role of visual skills in sports and how they can enhance athlete performance and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of near work on the anterior eye and associations with myopia: a narrative review.","authors":"Hamed Niyazmand, Khyber Alam, Jason Charng, Emily C Woodman-Pieterse, Scott A Read, Stephen J Vincent, Rohan P J Hughes","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2468900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2468900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global prevalence of myopia has increased significantly in recent decades, and it is anticipated that half the population of the world will be myopic by 2050. The dramatic increase in myopia cannot be explained solely by genetic factors; hence, environmental factors such as near work may play an important role in myopia development. Near work activities involve accommodation, convergence, and pupil constriction, which lead to various mechanical changes that alter the structural and optical properties of the anterior eye. Mechanical changes associated with near work activities include ciliary body contraction, medial rectus contraction, lateral rectus relaxation, changes in the eyelid-cornea interaction, pupil size, and crystalline lens shape and position. These structural variations lead to optical changes including a change in spherical refractive power, astigmatism, accommodative convergence, higher order aberrations, and retinal image quality. Several differences in near work-related optical and structural changes have been observed between myopes and non-myopes. These differences elucidate mechanisms that potentially underpin near work-associated axial elongation and myopia development. This narrative review explores anterior segment structural and optical changes during near work and their potential mechanistic contribution to myopia development, while highlighting literature gaps that require further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: 'Using ChatGPT-4 in visual field test assessment'.","authors":"Jack Phu, Henrietta Wang, Michael Kalloniatis","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2472876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2472876","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy for the management of severe irregular corneal astigmatism.","authors":"YanYing Zhu, XueYan Li, YueXin Chen, HaiYan Xie, YuKun Liu, Jing Wang","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2468442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2468442","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical appraisal of Australian and New Zealand paediatric vision screening clinical practice guidelines using the AGREE II tool.","authors":"Cassandra Haines, Ranjay Chakraborty, Kyden Kho, Jessica Henman, Najiba Mansouri, Nicola S Anstice","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2339276","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2339276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Vision disorders in children impact health-related quality of life, with early detection and intervention improving outcomes and educational performance. Eye health professionals should be aware of paediatric vision screening guidelines and their development to understand the components of local programmes and the differences in sensitivity and specificity between protocols.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>High-quality clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for vision screening enable the early detection of common vision disorders; however, they require rigorous development to ensure optimal accuracy in detecting vision disorders, enabling timely interventions. This study evaluated the quality of available vision screening CPGs on vision screening of children in Australia and New Zealand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of academic databases, guideline databases, professional associations and Google search engines was conducted to identify relevant paediatric vision screening CPGs. Four independent reviewers used the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument to assess the quality of individual guidelines and scores were aggregated and reported as the percentage of the total possible score across the six AGREE II domains: scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigour of development, clarity of presentation, applicability, and editorial independence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initial 2,999 items were evaluated, with seven guidelines included. AGREE-II quality score agreement ranged from 43.3% to 95.8%. All guidelines scored >60.0% in the scope and purpose, however, most had poor scores of <26.5% in the rigour of development and <3.3% in editorial independence domains. All guidelines recommended screening using measures of habitual distance vision.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Of the guidelines developed for use in Australia and New Zealand, most guidelines scored poorly when assessed against the AGREE II tool, because of lack of editorial independence and rigour of development. Paediatric vision screening guidelines should prioritise systematic review of literature to inform practice and include statements regarding competing interests.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"175-182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140875984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrasession repeatability and agreement of the anterior corneal assessment provided by a multidiagnostic device.","authors":"Ana Rosa Barrio, Beatriz Antona, Sofía Morago-Villanueva, Víctor Martínez-Arribas, Mariano González-Pérez","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2324978","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2324978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Multidiagnostic systems have recently appeared on the market. Knowledge of the repeatability and validity of any instrument is mandatory before its introduction in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this work is to examine the intrasession repeatability of anterior pole measurements provided by the multidiagnostic device Wave Analyzer Medica 700 (WAM700) and agreement with Pentacam measurements in normal eyes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the right eyes of 113 participants, three repeat measurements of central keratometry, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth and corneal eccentricity were made with the WAM700 and Pentacam in random order. Intrasession repeatability and agreement were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Employing WAM700, intrasession repeatability for keratometry, central corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth was good (ICCs ≥ 0.992; CV 0.48-0.98%), yet worse than the values obtained for the Pentacam (ICCs ≥ 0.998; CV 0-0.33%). WAM700 showed excellent intrasession repeatability when used to measure the anterior chamber depth (Sw 0.03 mm). However, the repeatability of this device was inferior for central corneal thickness (Sw 4.24 μm) and keratometry measurements (Sw < 0.21 D) and was poor for corneal eccentricity (Sw 0.07; ICC 0.908; CV 14.58%). Agreement between WAM700 and Pentacam showed a high ICC for the keratometry measurements, central corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth (>0.972) but lower for corneal eccentricity (ICC 0.762).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In healthy eyes, the WAM700 multidiagnostic device showed good intrasession repeatability for keratometry, central corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth measurements. Agreement between WAM700 and Pentacam was good for the anterior chamber depth measurement. However, these instruments cannot be considered interchangeable for keratometry, central corneal thickness and eccentricity readings.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"135-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140142897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome-based therapeutics for ocular diseases.","authors":"Shannan Berzack, Anat Galor","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2422479","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2422479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationship between the gut microbiome and ocular health has garnered increasing attention within the scientific community. Recent research has focused on the gut-eye axis, examining whether imbalances within the gut microbiome can influence the development, progression and severity of ocular diseases, including dry eye disease, uveitis, and glaucoma. Dysbiosis within the gut microbiome is linked to immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and epithelial barrier dysfunction, all of which contribute to ocular pathology. This review synthesises current evidence on these associations, exploring how gut microbiome alterations drive disease mechanisms. Furthermore, it examines the therapeutic potential of microbiome-targeted interventions, including antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, and faecal microbiota transplantation, all of which aim to restore microbial balance and modulate immune responses. As the prevalence of these conditions continues to rise, a deeper understanding of the gut-eye axis may facilitate the development of novel, targeted therapies to address unmet needs in the management of ocular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"115-122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11875938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of lacrimal gland botulinum toxin-A injection for proximal lacrimal system obstructions.","authors":"Nilay Yuksel, Gokhan Celik","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2359034","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2359034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"214-215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}