Short-term changes in the trabecular iris angle and anterior chamber during wear of scleral lenses with different diameters.

Abstract

Clinical relevance: Scleral lens (SL) compression on the conjunctiva/episclera during wear may alter adjacent structures related to aqueous humour drainage.

Background: The aim of this work was to assess short-term changes in the four quadrants of trabecular iris angle (TIA) and anterior chamber parameters during SL wear, using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods: Prospective study was conducted involving 16 healthy subjects with a mean age of 28 ± 5 years. Two SL of diameter 15.80 mm (L1) and 16.80 mm (L2) with the same parameters were used for 2 hours in different days. The central fluid reservoir (FR), the TIA in superior, inferior, nasal, temporal quadrants, and anterior chamber parameters; anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber width (ACW), anterior chamber area (ACAr) and anterior chamber volume (ACV) were measured with AS-OCT. These measurements were performed immediately after SL application (0 h), one hour (1 h) and two hours (2 h) of SL wear.

Results: TIA decreases significantly in the superior quadrant at 2 hours of L2 wear (-5.19 ± 7.79º) (p = 0.04). In this sector, differences were also observed between the changes induced by both lenses during the 2 hours of wear (p = 0.04) and between first and second hours of wear (p = 0.04). ACD was significantly lower with L1 (-0.09 ± 0.14 mm) relative to L2 (0.00 ± 0.06 mm) between immediately after the application and 2 hours of wear (p = 0.02). A significant reduction in ACAr at 1 hour (-0.65 ± 0.75 mm²) (p = 0.01) and 2 hours of wear (-0.81 ± 1.15 mm²) (p = 0.04), as well as in ACW at 2 hours (-0.11 ± 0.14 mm) (p = 0.02) compared to immediately after application of L1 was found.

Conclusion: Small changes in TIA and anterior chamber occur during two hours of SL wear, but these changes are of limited clinical relevance in healthy subjects.