Environmental analysis, health and toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Preclinical pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of a polyhexamethylene guanidine derivative after ocular mucosal administration.","authors":"Ivan Ivanov, Denis Shatalov, Daria Kirillova, Danila Petrusevich, Sergei Beliakov, Stanislav Kedik","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025027","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic resistance is a critical medical issue. Antiseptics, which play a key role in treating and preventing eye infections and inflammations, have the potential to induce resistance in pathogenic microorganisms despite their broad antimicrobial spectrum. When introducing new active substances into ophthalmic treatments, it is crucial to assess the risk of side effects caused by the systemic action of the active compound. The succinic salt of polyhexamethylene guanidine derivative (ss-PHMGd) has shown high in vitro activity. This study aimed to evaluate the systemic effects of ss-PHMGd-based eye drops after ocular instillation in a preclinical model. Simple mathematical models were used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters during instillation in two types of laboratory animals: guinea pigs and chinchilla rabbits. Groups received intravenous injections and ocular treatments. Tritium-labeled ss-PHMGd was used to quantify its concentration in organs and tissues. To test the linearity of the parameter relationships, data from three different doses were compared. Renal excretion was studied by quantifying ss-PHMGd concentrations in urine using radiometric methods. The results showed that ss-PHMGd-based eye drops present a low risk of systemic side effects and exhibit minimal penetration into other organs after instillation. No species-specific differences were found in the ADME parameters of the preclinical models (the guinea pig-to-chinchilla rabbit absorption ratio was 0.7). The AUC-D parameters exhibited a linear relationship for doses ranging from 0.5 of therapeutic dose (TD) to 5TD in guinea pigs. Renal excretion analysis revealed that 5.3% of the administered dose was excreted through the kidneys, indicating significant metabolic transformation or excretion via other pathways. This study enhances the understanding of the pharmacokinetics and safety of polyguanidines, with implications for toxicology and risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 4","pages":"e2025027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12901815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in vegetables from Gombe Markets, Northern Nigeria.","authors":"Mohammad Bashir Sulaiman, Aishatu Maigari Umar, Ahmad Bilyaminu Rafi, Ismail Maigari Adamu, Aliyu Tijjani Fadawa, Taibatu Idris Umar, Amina Muhammad Bello","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025031","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vegetables are essential for human nutrition due to their low fat content and high levels of vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. However, studies have shown that vegetables are vulnerable to PTE contamination as a result of anthropogenic activities. This study determined the concentrations and health impacts associated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in specific vegetables (green beans, spinach, green pepper, carrots, and onions). A total of 90 vegetable samples were randomly selected and purchased from local markets and analyzed for potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (Cd, Fe, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Co, and Ni) using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentrations (mg·kg-1) of PTEs ranged from 0.006 - 0.021 for Cd, 2.27 - 12.32 for Fe, 0.05 - 0.150 for Cr, 0.087 - 0.254 for Pb, 0.035 - 0.062 for Cu, 2.65 - 15.61 for Zn, 0.010 - 0.050 for Co, and 0.012 - 0.058 for Ni. The abundance of PTEs was found to be in the following declining order: Zn >Fe >Cu >Cr >Ni >Co >Pb >Cd. The hazard index (HI) for both children and adults was <1, suggesting that there is no likely non-carcinogenic effect from consuming these vegetables. Similarly, the carcinogenic risk was below the acceptable value range of 1.0 × 10-6 - 1.0 × 10-4. Based on the results of this study, it is unlikely that the vegetables analyzed pose a health risk to consumers. However, monitoring and continuous stringent regulations of PTEs on foodstuff for public health protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 4","pages":"e2025031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12901817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purinergic system dysregulation and depression: The neuroinflammatory impact of silica nanoparticles.","authors":"Khadija Boukholda, Bakhta Aouey, Melania Guerrero-Hue, Eman Elbayoumi, Fatma Boukholda, Yassine Chtourou, Bernd L Fiebich, Juan Antonio Moreno, Hamadi Fetoui","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025030","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a neuropsychiatric condition linked to neurotransmitter imbalances, neuroinflammation, and purinergic signaling dysregulation. Emerging evidence suggests that environmental pollutants, such as silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), contribute to neuroinflammatory responses and depressive-like behaviors, though the mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates the effects of repeated SiNP exposure on depressive-like behaviors and purinergic signaling in the hippocampus of adult male rats. Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into three groups (control, low-dose SiNP, high-dose SiNP) and received intraperitoneal injections for 28 days. Depressive-like behaviors were assessed using the Forced Swimming Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST), while the enzymatic activities of ectonucleotidases (E-NTPDase, E-NPP, and ecto-5'-nucleotidase) and ATPase function were measured in hippocampal tissue. Gene expression of purinergic receptors (A2A, P2X7, P2Y2) and ectonucleotidases (CD73, NTPDase 1-3) was analyzed via RT-qPCR, with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assessing CD73 and CD90 protein levels. SiNP exposure significantly increased immobility time in both behavioral tests, indicating depressive-like behavior. It also upregulated ectonucleotidase activity, purinergic receptors (A2A, P2X7, P2Y2), and CD73/CD90 expression, while disrupting ATPase function by decreasing both Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase activities. These findings suggest that SiNPs induce depressive-like behavior through purinergic pathway dysregulation, promoting neuroinflammation and neurotransmission alterations. Further studies are needed to explore purinergic signaling as a potential therapeutic target in depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 4","pages":"e2025030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12901816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health risk assessment of benzene exposure among workers in gasoline stations in Northeastern Thailand.","authors":"Laksanee Boonkhao, Narueporn Kaewkoon, Ploywan Kanhabut, Weerayuth Pranai, Pongsak Rattanachaikunsopon, Sanga Tubtimhin","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025026","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Benzene exposure affects gasoline station personnel, and prior studies have shown that working at gasoline stations has a greater effect on neurological symptoms. This study aims to examine the risk of benzene exposure and evaluate workers' knowledge and preventive practices regarding benzene at gasoline stations in Northeastern Thailand. A questionnaire was utilized to collect data on general knowledge and preventive practices from 82 employees across 57 gasoline stations. Twelve specific benzene samples were collected, with two samples obtained from each of six gasoline stations: one from the gasoline refueling zone and one from the office area. Sampling adhered to the NIOSH-1501 standard using personal pumps. A gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) was employed to detect benzene. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted to determine frequency, percentage, mean, maximum, and minimum values. Our findings revealed that benzene concentrations in all samples were below the detection threshold (0.001 mg/kg) during the 8-hour work shift. Strikingly, despite this low measured exposure and acceptable non-cancer risk levels, every work group was still classified as having a significant cancer risk according to the risk assessment models. The study also indicated that 50.0% of workers had a moderate understanding of benzene, whereas 45.1% had a low level of knowledge. Moreover, self-protective measures were inadequate, with workers neglecting to wear protective gloves while handling benzene, delaying gasoline removal until task completion, and consuming food and beverages in the workplace. Our findings provide more evidence about the health risk associated with benzene exposure among gasoline station workers. Therefore, organizations and relevant agencies must prioritize improving workers' understanding of safe chemical management to ensure proper handling and minimize exposure to carcinogenic substances that may increase cancer risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 4","pages":"e2025026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12901814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant growth-promoting properties of metal-tolerant bacteria isolated from battery wastes dumpsites.","authors":"Oluwarotimi John Joseph, Adeniyi Adewale Ogunjobi","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025028","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental pollution by heavy metals arising from several industrial processes is a major cause for concern globally as these metals disrupt the soil ecosystem and rendering metal-polluted soils unfit for use in agriculture. As such, it is essential to devise means to reclaim these soils to sustain the soil biodiversity and enhance plant growth. This study focused on the determination of plant growth-promoting features of metal-tolerant bacteria (MTB) isolated from metal-polluted soils. Composite soil samples were obtained from three different sites receiving battery wastes. Using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc) in the soil samples were determined. Nutrient agar augmented with 50 μg/mL salts of the metals were used to cultivate MTB. Recovered MTB were screened for metal tolerance (100-500 μg/mL). Isolates demonstrating elevated multiple metal tolerance were identified using biochemical tests and identity confirmed using 16S rRNA sequencing, followed by screening for presence of metal-resistance genes (zntA, nreB, cadA, pbrA) using PCR and selected plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits. Statistical analysis of data generated was conducted using descriptive statistics. Of all contaminants, lead was most abundant (2596.8 ± 4.48 mg/kg). A total of 132 MTB were cultivated in pure culture, with 20 (15.15%) demonstrating multi-metal tolerance belonging to the genera Serratia (1), Citrobacter (1), Bacillus (1), Staphylococcus (2), Providencia (2), Mammaliicoccus (2), Pseudomonas (4) and Alcaligenes (7). Genes (pbrA/cadA/zntA) were detected (1/5/12). Nitrogen fixation/potassium/phosphate solubilisation/IAA/siderophores production were demonstrated by 15/10/5/13/17 isolates. Isolates obtained from the different sites exhibited significant multi-metal tolerance and demonstrated significant plant growth features.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 4","pages":"e2025028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12901818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fluazifop-P-butyl herbicide on growth, pigment, and ultrastructure of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa and Raphidocelis subcapitata.","authors":"Manal Mohamed Mostafa El-Abasy, Mohamed Saad Abdel-Kareem, Khaled Yassin Abdel-Halim, Soad Mohamed Mohy El-Din, Elsayed Mohamed Ibrahim","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025029","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The terrible intensification in global food demand predictably results in an increase in agricultural practices, with a focus on the usage of herbicides. Hence, a deeper understanding of the impact of this herbicide on aquatic ecosystems is required. The characterization of nano-emulsion of fluazifop-P-butyl (FL) and the toxic effects in both traditional and nanoforms on the growth, pigmentation and ultrastructure of the freshwater microalgae: Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa and Raphidocelis subcapitata were studied. The prepared nano-emulsion has a particle size of 52-94 nm by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Zeta potential recorded (38.5 mV) and polydispersity index recorded (0.394). Traditional fluazifop-P-butyl (TFL) in the case of A. pyrenoidosa exhibited median effective concentration (EC50) (10.909 ± 3.635 mg/L) (P= 0.235), while nano fluazifop-P-butyl (NFL) recorded EC50 (14.281 ± 6.251 mg/L) (P= 0.205). In the case of R. subcapitata, TFL recorded EC50 (1.174 ± 0.501 mg/L) (P= 0.105), while NFL exhibited EC50 (4.757 ± 1.755 mg/L) (P= 0.150). Exposure of R. subcapitata cells to 0.117 mg/L of TFL significantly decreased chlorophyll a level by (-)15.51% (P= 0.002) relative to control. Also, chlorophyll b content in A. pyrenoidosa cells significantly decreased upon treatment with 1.43 mg/L of NFL by (-)67.16% (P= 0.001). Carotenoid content in A. pyrenoidosa cells significantly increased after exposure to 1.09 mg/L of TFL by 108.88% (P= 0.001) compared to the control. Likewise, exposure of R. subcapitata cells to 0.117 mg/L of TFL elevated carotenoid levels by 200.57% (P < 0.001). Destroyed chloroplasts and compacted cell walls were observed through TEM when A. pyrenoidosa was exposed to 1.09 mg/L of TFL and 1.43 mg/L of NFL. Likewise, R. subcapitata cells were exposed to 0.117 mg/L of TFL and 0.476 mg/L of NFL. This study demonstrates that both conventional and nano-forms of FL endanger the integrity of the ecosystem and have adverse impacts on non-target organisms. Thus, it's crucial to follow biosafety protocols concerning non-target species before deciding to use this herbicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 4","pages":"e2025029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12901819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether-induced DNA methylation abnormalities may disrupt testis development in adult male zebrafish.","authors":"Eui-Jin Lee, Hyojin Lee, Jiyun Kang, Ki-Tae Kim, Yun-Jung Yang","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025s05","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025s05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is commonly used to stabilize products synthesized from epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A. Although recent studies suggest that BADGE may adversely affect the male reproductive system, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates the impact of BADGE exposure on steroidogenesis via DNA methylation changes in adult zebrafish gonads. Adult male zebrafish were exposed to BADGE (10 μM) for 21 days (n = 15 per group). Genomic DNA and mRNA were extracted from the testes. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing revealed differentially methylated (DM) regions, and the expression levels of genes associated with these DM sites and steroidogenesis were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Among the 2,673 DM sites (1,311 hypomethylated and 1,362 hypermethylated), 1,533 were successfully annotated. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that DM sites were associated with the phosphatidylinositol signaling system, inositol phosphate metabolism, cardiac muscle contraction, insulin resistance, insulin signaling, and the forkhead box O signaling pathway. Notably, the gene expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (irs1) was significantly upregulated in the BADGE-treated group. In addition, the mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1, and cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1, was significantly increased in BADGE-treated group compared to the control group. These findings suggest that while BADGE may directly influence steroidogenesis, DNA methylation of insulin signaling-related molecules, including irs1, may also contribute to this process.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 Special","pages":"e2025s05-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12897482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference values of per- and poly- fluoroalkyl substances concentration in serum and related factors in Korean adults: Korean National Environmental Health Survey.","authors":"Yong Min Cho, Dahee Han, Jio Jeong, Mi Jeong Kim, Kyung-Hwa Choi, Woo Jin Kim, Young-Seoub Hong","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025021","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study determined reference values of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure in the general Korean population. Serum samples from 2,993 adults in the fourth Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) (2018 -2020) were analyzed for five PFAS: perfluorooctanoic acids (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). The geometric means (GMs) and 95th percentile concentrations of serum PFOA were 6.43 and 16.55 μg/L, respectively; those of PFOS were 15.07 and 43.96 μg/L; 4.17 and 14.91 μg/L for PFHxS; 2.06 and 5.98 μg/L for PFNA; and 0.91 and 2.40 μg/L for PFDA. Higher serum PFAS concentrations were observed in older adults, men, former smokers, and frequent seafood consumers. Exposure levels also varied based on socioeconomic factors such as income and education. Additionally, participants residing in coastal areas exhibited higher serum PFAS concentrations, whereas higher PFHxS levels were observed in those living near industrial complexes. Higher concentrations of PFDA and PFNA were detected in participants consuming local drinking water (GMs, 3.29, 2.86 and 2.82 μg/L for local-based water, tap water and purifier or mineral water for PFNA; 1.43, 1.22 and 1.20 μg/L for PFDA; p-values were <0.05). These findings suggest that the Korean PFAS exposure level is relatively high, and may be related with residential and lifestyle characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 3","pages":"e2025021-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12890326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and membrane stress responses in E. coli and Acinetobacter sp. upon exposure to functionalized polystyrene microplastics.","authors":"So Yoon Kim, Seung-Woo Lee, Eun-Hee Lee","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025017","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastic pollution is increasingly recognized as a potential environmental stressor for microorganisms. This study aimed to explore how surface-functionalized polystyrene (PS) microplastics influence selected cellular-level responses in two Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter sp., focusing on growth, viability, biofilm formation, and membrane-associated stress. Bacterial cultures were exposed to PS microplastics with three surface chemistries: non-functionalized PS, aminated PS (PS-NH2), and carboxylated PS (PS-COOH). Exposure to PS microplastic induced species- and surface chemistry-dependent alterations in bacterial responses. Compared to the control, non-functionalized PS reduced E. coli growth and viability to 74.8% and 61.3%, respectively, while Acinetobacter sp. showed reductions to 72.1% and 69.3% following PS exposure. Biofilm formation increased significantly to 143.2% in E. coli with PS, and to 207.2% and 190.7% in Acinetobacter sp. with PS and PS-COOH, respectively. Cytotoxicity assays revealed distinct stress patterns: in E. coli, PS exposure elevated MDA and LDH levels to 155.3% and 120.5% of control levels, respectively, while ROS levels remained near baseline (100.2%), indicating predominant membrane rupture and lipid peroxidation. In contrast, Acinetobacter sp. exhibited markedly elevated ROS (118.5% and 123.5%) and MDA (190.7% and 212.8%) levels upon exposure to PS and PS-COOH, while LDH remained comparable to the control, suggesting sublethal oxidative stress and membrane perturbation. These findings demonstrate that even chemically inert PS microplastics can trigger biologically significant responses in bacteria through surface-mediated mechanisms. The observed interspecies and inter-surface variability underscores the complexity of microplastic-microbe interactions and highlights the need for microbial-level assessments in evaluating the ecological risks of microplastic pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 3","pages":"e2025017-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12890322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an integrated testing strategy using in vitro models to predict lung carcinogenesis.","authors":"Min-Ju Kim, Cho Hee Park, Seung Min Oh","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025s04","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025s04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carcinogenicity testing has traditionally been conducted using long-term animal studies, as specified in OECD TG 451 and 453 guidelines. These studies typically use rats and last for two years, requiring significant time and resources. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop alternative toxicity testing methods that can efficiently predict lung cancer risks caused by chronic chemical exposure. In this study, we designed integrated testing strategies (ITS) to assess carcinogenesis by focusing on cell survival, clonal growth, and metastasis using the BEAS-2B cell model. Non-tumorigenic BEAS-2B cells were exposed to Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), Ethyl carbamate (EC), Epichlorohydrin (ECH), and chloromethyl methyl ether (CMME) for 4 months (#40 passages). After treatment, the BEAS-2B cells showed enhanced anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent colony formation. Furthermore, cell migration and invasion assays using transwell chambers revealed a significant increase in these malignant characteristics in treated BEAS-2B cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that prolonged exposure of non-tumorigenic BEAS-2B cells to B(a)P, EC, ECH, and CMME can lead to the acquisition of metastatic potential and multiple malignant characteristics. These integrated testing strategies for assessing carcinogenic potential could serve as a valuable tool for identifying unknown carcinogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 Special","pages":"e2025s04-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12897477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}