Environmental analysis, health and toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Heavy metal contamination and health risks from dumpsite effluents in Enugu State Southeastern Nigeria.","authors":"Emmanuel Agboeze, Charles Chime, Prisca Ifeoma Udeozo, Vitus Anayo Ofordile, Paul Okechukwu Nsude, Chukwuebuka Gabriel Eze, Lotanna Chidera Okwesili, Henry Okechukwu Agboeze, Ejiofor Chinedu Ezike","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025023","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluates the concentrations and associated health risks of heavy metals in dumpsite effluents across selected locations in Enugu State, Southeastern Nigeria. Surface and groundwater samples were collected in and around active municipal dumpsites and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Detected metals included lead (Pb), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni), with measured values compared to WHO and Nigerian drinking water standards. Elevated levels of Pb and Cd were observed, with Pb ranging from 1.5 to 5.1 μg/L and Cd from 2.1 to 4.8 μg/L. Fe and Mn concentrations reached 14.4 μg/L and 14.2 μg/L, respectively. Cr and Ni levels varied between 0.8-2.5 μg/L and 0.1-4.3 μg/L. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation revealed anthropogenic sources, notably leachate infiltration and waste decomposition, as primary contributors. Human health risks were assessed using USEPA models, estimating both ingestion and dermal exposure for adults and children. Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) values indicated significant non-carcinogenic risks, particularly for children exposed to Pb and Cd. Carcinogenic risk levels for Cr and Pb in several locations exceeded the acceptable threshold of 1.0 × 10-4. Communities depending on shallow wells and surface water near dumpsites showed the highest risk levels. The findings highlight the urgent need for improved waste management, regular water quality surveillance, and community health interventions. This work provides essential baseline data for environmental health governance and demonstrates the utility of chemometric tools for pollution source tracking and policy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 3","pages":"e2025023-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12890328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and temporal characterisation of genetic and phenotypic properties of Yersinia pestis in Kazakhstan's natural plague foci.","authors":"Abdel Ziyat, Zauresh Zhumadilova, Raikhan Mussagalieva, Dinmukhammed Otebay, Beck Abdeliyev","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025019","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to analyse data from epizootological monitoring, microbiological and molecular genetic studies to assess the genetic biodiversity of Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) strains, to determine the effectiveness of using individual methods and to develop the necessary algorithm for evaluating genetic methods and creating a biorepository of natural isolates of these pathogens. As a result, the biodiversity of Y. pestis strains isolated in natural plague foci of Kazakhstan was analysed using classical and modern methods (polymerase chain reaction, Multi Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis, VITEK 2 Compact, MiniION Oxford Nanopore, MiSeq sequencer) of research and geographic information system (GIS) technology. Spatial and temporal characteristics of plague infection in the plague-enriched areas of the country were described. The study summarised the characteristics of phenotypic and molecular genetic properties of 1220 Y. pestis strains isolated from different sites in natural plague foci of the country during the period 2010-2023. As a result, 94.8% of Y. pestis strains were typical of these plague foci, and 5.2% of strains had altered properties in some respects. To obtain information on genetic diversity and their geographical distribution, 82 DNA samples of Y. pestis strains were studied. Three phylogenetic trees were constructed, GIS maps were compiled and a gene bank, a biorepository of molecular characteristics was created to obtain specific genetic characteristics of strains and a complete picture of the genetic parameters of the plague pathogen isolated from various sites in natural foci of Kazakhstan.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 3","pages":"e2025019-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12890325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astaxanthin ameliorates necroptosis through bisphenol-A exposure by regulating brain RIPK1/FADD/RIPK3/MLKL pathway in adult male rats.","authors":"Mohammed Eleyan, Khairy A Ibrahim, Mohamed Hussien, Mohammed R Zughbur, Basim M Ayesh, Hala A Abdelgaid","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025024","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bisphenol A (BPA), a common endocrine-disrupting chemical, can cause oxidative damage, apoptosis, and necroptosis in various organs. However, the underlying mechanisms for BPA-induced neurotoxicity were not properly reported. Here, we have evaluated the possible ameliorative roles of astaxanthin (ASX) against BPA-induced brain apoptosis/necroptosis in male rats. Forty male rats were equally grouped (30 days) into control, ASX (75 mg/kg), BPA (50 mg/kg), and BPA/ASX (50 mg/kg/BAP+75 mg/kg/ASX). The present findings demonstrated that ASX could mitigate the diminished acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity and the increased dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine levels, besides anxiety behaviors that resulted from BPA intoxication. Furthermore, ASX significantly reduced BPA-induced brain oxidative injury by mitigating malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels. Moreover, ASX could alleviate the histopathological changes promoted by BPA and repair the transcript levels of p53, BcL2, caspase9, FADD, RIPK1/3, MLKL along with Bax, and caspase3 immunoreactivity. In conclusion, ASX reserved brain injury-induced apoptosis, and necroptosis following exposure to BPA through p53/Bcl2/Bax/caspase9/capasase3 and RIPK1/FADD/RIPK3/MLKL pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 3","pages":"e2025024-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12890327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative neurotoxic effects of heavy metals and glutamate in mouse hippocampal neuronal cells.","authors":"Ariunzaya Jamsranjav, Junkyung Gil, Donghyun Kim, Sungbin Choi, Hanjin Park, Yusun Shin, Ok-Nam Bae","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025s08","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025s08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to toxic heavy metals, such as lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium (Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺, As⁵⁺, As³⁺, and Cd²⁺), is a known contributor to neurological dysfunction. Although the individual neurotoxicity of these metals has been well established, their synergistic effects with endogenous neurotoxins such as glutamate remain insufficiently explored. In this study, we investigated neurotoxic effects of the combination of glutamate and heavy metals using the HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cell line. The cells were exposed to each heavy metal alone or in combination with glutamate at low [LCR; glutamate: heavy metal = 1:0.0025] and high [HCR; glutamate: heavy metal = 1:0.025] concentration ratios. Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay, and synergistic effects were quantitatively assessed by the Chou-Talalay method using CompuSyn software. The results showed that Pb²⁺ exhibited consistent synergistic effects with glutamate at both concentration ratios. In addition, Hg²⁺ and As⁵⁺ demonstrated synergistic effects with glutamate under high concentration conditions. These findings highlight that certain heavy metals can potentiate glutamate-induced neurotoxicity through synergistic mechanisms. This study provides quantitative evidence for the enhanced neurotoxic potential of environmental heavy metals when combined with endogenous excitotoxins such as glutamate.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 Special","pages":"e2025s08-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12897485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four Decades of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology.","authors":"Jung-Hwan Kwon","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025s01","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025s01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 Special","pages":"e2025s01-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12897474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Big data and AI: Potential and challenges for digital transformation in toxicology.","authors":"Donghyeon Kim, Jinhee Choi","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025s07","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025s07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxicology has evolved from an observational science to predictive science, driven by advances in computational methods and large-scale data generation. Advances in computing power and the rapid accumulation of toxicological big data have opened new opportunities to modernize chemical risk assessment through artificial intelligence (AI). This study explores the current status of toxicity databases and key methodologies of AI such as machine learning, deep learning, and large language models. The study further examines representative case studies, which leverage AI-based toxicity prediction models in chemical prioritization and others. Despite the advancements, critical challenges remain, including the limited availability of high-quality, homogeneous datasets and the black-box nature of AI models, which hinder regulatory acceptance. To address these issues, this study emphasizes the need for explainable AI and the integration of the adverse outcome pathway framework to enhance model interpretability. By outlining future research directions and advocating for transparent, reproducible AI models, this study contributes to advancing regulatory science, chemical safety assessment, and the broader adoption of AI as new approach methodologies (NAMs) for next generation risk assessment (NGRA).</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 Special","pages":"e2025s07-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12897483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue and exposure to mold and/or dampness: A systematic review of the literature from 2011-2018.","authors":"Ming Dooley, Scott W McMahon","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025018","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review expands upon prior work, which established that 112 out of 114 (98.2%) epidemiological articles published between 2011 and 2018 supported an association between exposure to elevated indoor mold/dampness and various single/multi-system health symptoms. Focusing on fatigue, our review rigorously examined these studies for statistically significant associations with mold and dampness exposure. We analyzed six articles involving a collective cohort from five cross-sectional studies with 40,933 participants, and a case-control study comprising 95 cases and 110 controls. We introduced a six-point ranking scale to assess the evidence, categorizing the studies from very low to very high support based on their methodological rigor and findings. Our evaluation revealed one study with very low support, one with moderate support, three with moderately high support, and one with very high support. Two studies were considered reference only. Our systematic review supports the assertion that fatigue is associated with exposure to indoor mold and dampness, highlighting the need for enhanced awareness and interventions in affected environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 3","pages":"e2025018-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the divergent effects of pyrethroid- and D-allethrin-based coil fumes in male Wistar rats.","authors":"Jelili Abiodun Badmus, John Olabode Fatoki, Adebayo Lawrence Adedeji, Ikeola Khalilat Mustapha, Blessing Chioma Ovili, Oyekunle Olufemi Oyedijo, Tolulope Fiyinfolu Olabode, Kemisola Deborah Joseph, Emmanuel Olusola Yawson, Donavon Charles Hiss","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025020","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mosquito coil fume is a cheap and commonly used method of reducing malaria incidence in third-world countries. The effects of fumes from pyrethroid and D-allethrin-based mosquito coils available in the Nigerian market were assessed in male Wistar rats. The rats were exposed to the insecticide fumes for 7, 14, and 21 days, while another group served as a control. The experiment consisted of seven randomly divided groups of six weight-matched animals per group. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cholesterol, phospholipids, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein phospholipid (HDL-P) were evaluated. Lung-, liver- and kidney-reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxide (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde/lipid peroxidation (MDA) and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) were also evaluated. Histoimmunochemistry was used to assess lung p53 and Bcl-2 expressions. Pyrethroid and D-allethrin-based fumes induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in plasma AST, LDH, cholesterol, phospholipids, and HDL-P, with a reduction of HDL-C levels. The fumes significantly and differently dysregulated antioxidant enzymes. The inhalations of the fumes induced significant (p < 0.05) increases in kidney MDA and LOOH levels, liver MDA by pyrethroid fume, and lung MDA by D-allethrin only, but lung LOOH by inhalations of both fumes. The increased expression of lung p53 and repression of Bcl-2 by both fumes were duration-dependent. The fume-induced disproportionate tissue function biomarkers, redox status, and apoptosis-related proteins. These effects are a possible panoply of divergent modes by which exposure to coil fumes can be deleterious to human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 3","pages":"e2025020-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12890321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational insights into organophosphate interactions with oligochaeta hemoglobin: Implications for environmental safety and molecular design.","authors":"Adriano Marques Gonçalves, Alfredo di Vito Neto, Márcio Leite de Oliveira, Guilherme Rossi Gorni","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025022","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pesticides, including organophosphates, have been reported to cause important environmental impact through effects over different taxonomic groups. Oligochaeta are often used as bioindicators, but little is known regarding molecular level pesticide interactions in this group. In our study we present a comprehensive in silico analysis of the interactions between 52 organophosphates and Lumbricus erythrocruorin hemoglobin. We performed a molecular docking analysis with GOLD software, to assess the two organophosphates most likely to interact with the studied protein, being Glufosinate ammonium and Fonofos. Next, we used Desmond software for Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MDS), to elucidate the potential mechanistic effects of these widely used pesticides. MDS of both ligands showed the potential of interacting with heme groups, and with residues important for chains interface, which may affect hemoglobin functioning. Our findings advocate for the application of computational methodologies in environmental toxicology, aiming to guide the development of agrochemicals that minimize ecological damage. It underscores the critical need for environmentally conscious chemical design and calls for further research into the subtle molecular interactions affecting non-target species within agricultural ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 3","pages":"e2025022-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12890323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in soil and leachate at different zones of unsanitary landfill.","authors":"Siti Rohana Mohd Yatim, Nur Sabrina Hazali, Nur Azalina Suzianti Feisal, Ahmad Razali Ishak, Nadiah Wan Rasdi, Rezania Asfiradayati","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2025025","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2025025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Landfills are increasingly acknowledged as significant sources of microplastic contamination. Landfills received huge amounts of plastic waste daily, which can degrade into microplastics over time and subsequently accumulate in soil or leach into surrounding environments through leachate. This study investigates the abundance and characteristics of microplastics (MPs) present in soil and leachate across various zones within a landfill., focusing on their size, shape, and polymer composition in young, middle-aged, and old landfill zones. The comprehensive approach involved sample collection, and laboratory analysis. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified the dominant polymers, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) were used to explore factors influencing MP distribution and grouping patterns between soil and leachate samples. The results showed that the abundance of MPs in leachate was significantly lower in middle-aged landfills compared to young and old zones (P < 0.05). Fiber-shaped MPs were most common, with particle sizes ranging from 0.1 mm to 1.6 mm. FTIR spectroscopy identified polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) as dominant polymer types. PCA indicated that landfill aging and environmental degradation influenced MP distribution, with HCA showing distinct patterns between soil and leachate. Smaller MPs were more mobile and found more often in leachate, while larger MPs were retained in soil. This study highlights the critical role landfills play as sources of MP pollution, emphasizing the need for improved waste management to reduce contamination and mitigate ecological and health risks. Effective strategies are essential to addressing the environmental impact of MPs in landfills.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"40 3","pages":"e2025025-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12890324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}