Environmental analysis, health and toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Environmental monitoring and smoking exposure before and after the designation of non-smoking areas in indoor sports facilities.","authors":"Sung Ho Hwang, Wha Me Park","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2026003","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2026003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effectiveness of smoke-free legislation in reducing indoor air pollutants, specifically PM2.5, NO₂, and TVOC, in recreational facilities in Korea. A quasi-experimental before-and-after study was conducted in selected indoor venues, with pollutant levels compared pre- and post-designation of non-smoking areas. Monitoring was performed in three billiard halls and three screen golf ranges in Seoul. PM2.5, NO₂, and TVOC were measured using a Grimm 1.108 aerosol spectrometer (Germany), MEZUS-210/ANA-2 and Teledyne M200E (Korea/USA), and a Sibata MP-Σ30 sampler (Japan). Sampling occurred during operating hours, and results were analyzed using non-parametric tests against Korean standards. After implementation, PM2.5 decreased from 42.8 to 18.6 μg/m³, and NO₂ from 148.3 to 57.9 μg/m³, though reductions were not statistically significant. TVOC showed the clearest improvement, falling significantly from 29.2 to 18.4 ppb (p < 0.01). Smoke-free policies substantially reduced indoor pollutants, particularly TVOC, in recreational facilities. While PM2.5 and NO₂ declines were less consistent, the results highlight both the benefits of smoke-free laws and the need for complementary interventions such as improved ventilation and continuous monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"41 1","pages":"e2026003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13157985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algerian bee Venom attenuates formaldehyde-induced acute inflammation and oxidative stress in male rats.","authors":"Faouzi Dahdouh, Marouane Abdeldjalil Messaoudene, Ikram Boucherbat, Houria Djebar-Berrebbah","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2026009","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2026009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Formaldehyde exposure is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to systemic toxicity. Natural products such as bee venom have been proposed as alternative therapeutic agents due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study investigated the potential of Algerian Apis mellifera intermissa bee venom to attenuate formaldehyde-induced acute inflammation and oxidative stress in male rats. Inflammation was induced by subplantar injection of 0.1 mL of a 2.5% formaldehyde solution into the hind paw. One hour later, rats received either subcutaneous bee venom (0.76 mg/kg) or oral diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg) as a reference drug. Paw edema was quantified using ImageJ software. Blood samples were analyzed for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), and albumin levels. Oxidative stress biomarkers including malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were assessed in erythrocytes. Formaldehyde exposure produced sustained paw edema, impaired body weight gain, reduced food and water intake, systemic inflammatory alterations, and pronounced oxidative stress characterized by increased lipid peroxidation and depletion of erythrocyte antioxidant defenses. Bee venom treatment significantly attenuated paw swelling, improved systemic inflammatory alterations, and partially restored redox balance, with effects comparable to those of diclofenac. The overall protective effects of bee venom were comparable to those of diclofenac. These findings demonstrate that A. mellifera intermissa venom exerts significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions and may represent a promising natural therapeutic candidate for inflammation associated with oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"41 1","pages":"e2026009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13153646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring environmental risk factors for diarrhea: Evidence from the Indonesian Health Survey, 2023.","authors":"Muhammad Aidil Fitrah, Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim, Yura Witsqa Firmansyah","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2026001","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2026001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diarrhea remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Indonesia, especially in vulnerable age groups. Although access to clean water and sanitation has improved, the quality of environmental management and hygiene practices still varies across households and could potentially affect the incidence of diarrhea. Aim: This study aimed to analyze the association between various household environmental risk factors and the occurrence of diarrhea at the national level using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI-Survei Kesehatan Indonesia). This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design, utilizing secondary data from the 2023 SKI. A total of 877,531 respondents from all provinces in Indonesia were included in the analysis. Independent variables comprised physical quality of drinking water, water sources, methods of water treatment and storage, sanitation systems, liquid and solid waste management, and hygiene practices. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using logistic regression. The prevalence of diarrhea was 1.9% among respondents. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that poor physical quality of drinking water was the strongest predictor of diarrhea (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.478; p = 0.000). Other significant factors included unsafe raw water sources (AOR = 1.199; p=0.001), inadequate sanitation (AOR = 0.762; p = 0.001), improper liquid waste disposal (AOR = 0.956; p = 0.001), poor solid waste management (AOR = 0.932; p = 0.027), inadequate hygiene practices (AOR = 0.872; p= 0.001), and use of open water storage containers (AOR=1.056; p = 0.004).. Household environmental factors play a critical role in the incidence of diarrhea in Indonesia. Effective diarrhea prevention strategies should include improvements in water quality, sanitation access, waste management, and community-based hygiene education. These findings can inform evidence-based policies to strengthen national programs for diarrhea control and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"41 1","pages":"e2026001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13153644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth rates and microcystin production of Microcystis strains in response to allochthonous and autochthonous nutrient sources.","authors":"Yong-Jun Kim, Kyoung-Hee Oh, Young-Cheol Cho","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2026004","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2026004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the growth dynamics and microcystin (MC) production of Microcystis in response to various autochthonous and allochthonous nutrient sources, specifically cyanobacterial scum, floating periphyton mats, sediment, and agricultural soil. Chemical analysis revealed that cyanobacterial scum is a major nitrogen reservoir (25.72 mg/g of dry weight(g dw)), while periphyton mats serve as significant phosphorus buffers through luxury uptake (1.92 mg/g dw). Laboratory cultures of Microcystis strains NIER10004 and CBE51 demonstrated that sediment extracts promoted the highest growth rates (0.0160 and 0.0166 OD750/d, respectively) and the greatest biomass-to-total phosphorus ratios. Phosphorus uptake followed a biphasic pattern: a rapid depletion of orthophosphate in the first 10 days, followed by a transition to organic phosphorus utilization, likely facilitated by alkaline phosphatase activity. MC concentrations peaked at the onset of the stationary phase, though total MC content showed a low correlation with the specific nutrient source, suggesting that nutrient supply primarily drives biomass expansion rather than MC biosynthesis rates. Given the feasibility of mechanical removal, artificial harvesting of periphyton mats during spring-when increased microbial activity in sediments causes the mats to detach and float-is proposed as a more viable and cost-effective management strategy than expensive sediment dredging for mitigating harmful algal blooms in eutrophic reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"41 1","pages":"e2026004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13157987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in mitochondrial DNA copy number and oxidative stress markers in blood and muscle tissues of mice following snake envenomation.","authors":"Sunutcha Suntrarachun, Panithi Laoungbua, Suchitra Khunsap, Rattana Suttisee","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2026007","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2026007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Snake envenomation represents a significant toxicological and public health concern, causing systemic effects mediated by oxidative stress and cellular injury. Mitochondria are especially susceptible to stress generated by venom, however the initial mitochondrial responses after envenomation are not fully understood. This study investigated time- and tissue-dependent changes in relative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abundance and oxidative stress markers in mice exposed to neurotoxic and hematotoxic snake venoms. Neurotoxic venoms included Naja kaouthia (monocled cobra), Ophiophagus hannah (king cobra), Bungarus fasciatus (banded krait), and Bungarus candidus (Malayan krait), while hematotoxic venoms comprised Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan pit viper), Daboia siamensis (Siamese Russell's viper), and Trimeresurus albolabris (white-lipped pit viper). Venoms were administered intramuscularly at empirically determined sublethal doses. Whole blood, tibialis anterior muscle tissue, and mononuclear cells (MNCs) were collected at 1, 6, and 24 hours post-exposure. Relative mtDNA copy number was quantified using SYBR-based real-time quantitative PCR targeting mtDNA-encoded genes (16S rRNA and ND1) normalized to a nuclear reference gene, with additional assessment of cytochrome b (Cytb) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (COXIII) as indicators of mitochondrial perturbation. Oxidative stress responses were evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Venom exposure induced distinct temporal and tissue-specific patterns of mtDNA-associated changes, accompanied by alterations in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status. Whole blood consistently exhibited earlier and more robust responses than muscle tissue or MNCs. Although mtDNA-related parameters and oxidative stress markers are not specific to envenomation, their combined temporal profiles reflect venom-induced mitochondrial and redox stress. These findings support the potential utility of blood-based mtDNA and oxidative indicators as sensitive, venom-independent tools for evaluating systemic responses to snake envenomation.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"41 1","pages":"e2026007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13153643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field-Based Mesocosm Evidence for the Role of Natural Nutrient Sources in Cyanobacterial Blooms.","authors":"Yong-Jun Kim, Jae-Hun Lee, Young-Cheol Cho","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2026005","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2026005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Harmful algal blooms (HABs) dominated by toxigenic cyanobacteria represent a growing threat to freshwater ecosystems and drinking water security. While phosphorus is widely recognized as a key driver of cyanobacterial proliferation, the ecological roles of naturally derived nutrient sources remain poorly understood. In this study, field-based mesocosm experiments were conducted to compare the effects of various nutrient sources originating from both autochthonous and allochthonous origins-sediments, cyanobacterial scums, benthic periphyton mats, and agricultural soils-on cyanobacterial and Microcystis growth, as well as microcystin (MC) production. All nutrient treatments were adjusted to a uniform total phosphorus concentration (0.4 mg/L), and nitrogen limitation was excluded. Cyanobacterial biomass, assessed via chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin fluorescence, was consistently higher in all nutrient-amended mesocosms than in the inorganic phosphorus control. Notably, periphyton mat extracts promoted sustained biomass accumulation during the latter incubation stages. MC concentrations were elevated in all nutrient-amended treatments relative to the control, although no significant differences were observed among the various nutrient sources. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that while total Microcystis abundance did not differ significantly across treatments, the abundance and relative proportion of toxigenic Microcystis (mcyA gene) were significantly higher in periphyton mat-amended mesocosms. In contrast, MC production normalized to toxigenic cell abundance showed no significant variation among treatments, indicating that strain-specific traits exert a stronger influence on toxin production than the nutrient source type. These findings demonstrate that organically derived nutrient sources, particularly periphyton mats, play a critical role in sustaining HABs and selectively promoting toxigenic strains. Consequently, effective HAB mitigation strategies should extend beyond simple total phosphorus reduction to include the management of internal nutrient sources and phosphorus speciation within aquatic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"41 1","pages":"e2026005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13157986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organ-Specific Accumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Aliphatic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Tilapia zillii.","authors":"Anyichie Ifeanyi Kenneth, Emmanuel Agboeze, Prisca Ifeoma Udeozo, Vitus Anayo Ofordile, Henry Okechukwu Agboeze","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2026008","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2026008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Escravos River, located in Nigeria's Niger Delta, is severely impacted by chronic hydrocarbon contamination arising from oil exploration, refining, and gas flaring activities, raising substantial ecological and human health concerns. This study quantified aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Tilapia zillii, a key dietary fish species, to elucidate tissue-specific accumulation patterns, biomarker responses, and associated health risks. Sixty specimens were collected across dry and wet seasons, and muscle, liver, kidney, and gill tissues were analyzed using GC-MS in accordance with US EPA procedures. Health risk indices including estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), toxic equivalency (TEQ), and excess lifetime cancer risk (ECR) were studied, while Monte Carlo simulations (10,000 iterations) and sensitivity analysis addressed uncertainty in exposure parameters. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 192.96 ± 0.45 to 313.43 ± 0.67 mg/kg, surpassing international maximum residue limits. Benzo(a)pyrene levels in muscle (20.95 mg/kg) exceeded EU/WHO permissible limits by over four orders of magnitude. Biomarker assays revealed elevated CYP1A and EROD activity alongside reduced SOD and CAT levels, indicating oxidative stress and metabolic activation of PAHs. The 95th percentile ECR (1.28 × 10-3) exceeded the USEPA carcinogenic threshold (1 × 10-4), confirming high lifetime cancer risk for frequent consumers. Sensitivity analysis identified BaP concentration and fish ingestion rate as primary determinants of risk. T. zillii from the Escravos River bioaccumulates carcinogenic hydrocarbons to hazardous levels, corroborated by biochemical biomarkers of sublethal stress. These findings emphasize the need for urgent dietary advisories, enforcement of effluent controls, and long-term biomonitoring of hydrocarbon-polluted freshwater systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"41 1","pages":"e2026008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13153647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Arabica coffee pulp extract on sperm quality and hematology in cyclophosphamide-treated rats.","authors":"Syaiful Adam Maulana, Slamet Widiyanto, Muhammad Khoerul, Munasir","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2026002","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2026002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent. Its administration is associated with detrimental effects on sperm quality and hematological indices. Coffee pulp Arabica (Coffea arabica L) is a coffee by-product with considerable antioxidant potential. This research investigated the effects of Arabica coffee pulp extract (CPE) against CYP on sperm quality and hematological indices. A total of 20 rats were used with five treatment groups: Control: plain water; CYP: 150 mg/kgbw CYP; T1: CYP + 250 mg/kgbw CPE; T2: CYP + 1000 mg/kgbw CPE; and T3: CYP + 1750 mg/kgbw CPE. CYP at 150 mg/kgbw was administered on day 1, CPE was given once daily for 16 days. The parameters evaluated include the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), testosterone, blood profile, sperm count, motility, viability, abnormality, and seminiferous tubule histology. CPE on day 16 suppressed MDA levels compared with the CYP group. On day 8, testosterone decreased in the T2 and T3 compared with the normal and CYP groups. CPE groups showed higher testosterone on day 16 compared with the CYP group. The T1 showed the highest blood indices levels compared with the CYP, T2, and T3 on both days 8 and 16. Except for day 16, the T3 group showed the highest PLT count. The administration of CPE increased sperm quality and seminiferous tubule structure compared with the CYP group. This study demonstrates T1 showed more favorable effects on hematological indices. T2 provides the most effective protection for sperm quality and seminiferous tubule histology.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"41 1","pages":"e2026002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13157988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Ultrafine Bubbles (UFBs) on Cadmium Toxicity in Polypedilum nubifer (Chironomidae).","authors":"Kabul Fadilah, Yosuke Sawada, Kenji Kamura, Takeshi Fujino","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2026010","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2026010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cadmium is one of the major pollutants that threatens aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic organisms such as aquatic insects are commonly used as bioindicators to assess the impact of pollutants in the environment. Recent studies have demonstrated that ultrafine bubbles (UFBs), gas-filled nanobubbles with unique properties, can modulate metal toxicity in aquatic organisms. However, their role in toxicity assessments involving aquatic insects remains limited. In this study, the effects of UFBs on Cd-induced toxicity in Polypedilum nubifer were investigated. Cadmium exposure led to inhibited larval growth, reduced adult emergence, increased activity of biochemical markers, and greater Cd accumulation in larval tissues. When co-treated with UFBs, survival, larval growth and adult emergence did not differ significantly compared to the Cd treatment alone. However, UFB treatment did lead to a significant reduction in internal Cd accumulation. Furthermore, the activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), which increased under Cd exposure, were reduced to levels that aligned closely with the control group. In conclusion, this study provides the potential application of UFB for mitigating heavy metal pollution at a physiological level, specifically by lowering heavy metal accumulation and modulating oxidative stress-related defense responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"41 1","pages":"e2026010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13153648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Assessment of PM2.5 Physico-Chemical Characteristics at Three Different Sites in Indonesia and Their Potential Association with Respiratory Diseases.","authors":"Novita Ambarsari, Asri Indrawati, Dyah Aries Tanti, Sumaryati Sumaryati, Wiwiek Setyawati, Saipul Hamdi, Amalia Nurlatifah, Edy Maryadi, Prawira Yudha Kombara, Lilik Slamet Supriatin, Rusnadi Rusnadi, Shinta, Helper Sahat Manalu","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2026006","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2026006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the physicochemical characteristics of PM2.5 at three different locations in Indonesia were compared during a short-term sampling period, and their association with respiratory diseases was also investigated by analysing aerosol optical thickness (AOT) data from Himawari satellite observations due to the limitation of the PM2.5 field sampling. Bandung city in West Java province, Serpong in Banten province, and Ogan Komering Ilir in South Sumatra province were selected as the study locations, each with distinct characteristics. PM2.5 sampling was conducted for 24 hours in Bandung (1-7 November 2021), 12 hours in OKI (4-7 October 2021), and also 12 hours in Serpong (25-29 July 2022). Morphology and elemental analysis for PM2.5 particle characterization were conducted by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with an Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDS). The water-soluble ion composition was analysed using Ion Chromatography to determine the anion (sulfate, nitrate, chloride) and cation (potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, ammonium) concentrations. To identify the potential source regions contributing to PM2.5 pollution at the sampling site, trajectory analysis using the HySplit model from NOAA was conducted. The average concentration of PM2.5 at Bandung was 87.98 μg/m³ (24 hours), at OKI was 36.31 μg/m³ (12 hours), and at Serpong was 23.53 μg/m³ (12 hours). The morphology analysis revealed spherical, regular, and irregular particles in Bandung, and some soot particles were found in OKI, with a dominance in Serpong. The elements of Mg, Si, S, K, Ca, Cu, and Pb were detected in Bandung, whereas in OKI, the Ca element was not detected. Si, S, Mg, and K were also detected in Serpong. Sulphate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA) are the most abundant ions found in almost every location. Trajectory analysis revealed that local sources of pollutants dominated Bandung and OKI, while Serpong experienced some long-range transport from other locations.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"41 1","pages":"e2026006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13153645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}