Peng Qiu, Mengjiao Li, Wenxuan Li, Ziyun Wang and Yuanjie Pang
{"title":"High-throughput CO-to-acetate electroconversion using current-dependent reconstructed Cu grain boundaries†","authors":"Peng Qiu, Mengjiao Li, Wenxuan Li, Ziyun Wang and Yuanjie Pang","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00128E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00128E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electrochemical CO reduction (COR) offers a sustainable route for the highly selective production of high-value multi-carbon products at low current densities. However, achieving industrial-scale production remains challenging, as reconciling high current densities (>1 A cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small>) with product selectivity has yet to be realized. The realization of COR at ampere-level currents for acetic acid production remains hindered by the insufficient availability of highly active sites needed to facilitate CO coupling under high-flux conditions. Here, we developed a copper oxybromide catalyst that <em>in situ</em> generates a high density of grain boundaries (GBs) during COR, as evidenced by high-resolution TEM. Density functional theory calculations verified the high activities of GB-rich surfaces due to stronger *CO adsorption compared to flat Cu(111). Coupled with pressurized CO (10 atm), these rich GBs can effectively adsorb CO and promote this coupling, further leading to a record acetic acid partial current density of 2 A cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small> (67% faradaic efficiency at 3 A cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small> total current), outperforming the state-of-the-art Cu-based catalysts. This work introduces an effective catalyst for enabling industrial-scale COR, highlighting the critical role of structural design in achieving high-performance electrochemical conversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1417-1423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00128e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mi Yeon Byun, Lili Liu, Daniel Mejía-Rodríguez, Eric D. Walter, Zihua Zhu, Niri Govind, Tom Autrey and Maria L. Sushko
{"title":"Controlling N speciation in solution synthesis of N-doped carbon materials†","authors":"Mi Yeon Byun, Lili Liu, Daniel Mejía-Rodríguez, Eric D. Walter, Zihua Zhu, Niri Govind, Tom Autrey and Maria L. Sushko","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00064E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00064E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Carbon-based materials, such as graphite and its functionalized/doped derivatives, are promising lightweight layered materials for hydrogen activation and storage. Their propensity to control the thermodynamics of hydrogen binding and the kinetics of hydrogen mobility strongly depends on the speciation and the arrangement of dopants. In this study, we demonstrate precise control over dopant speciation and clustering in nitrogen-containing layered carbon materials during hydrothermal synthesis. Through extensive spectroscopic characterization and first principles simulations, we demonstrate that the formation of N-motifs can be controlled by the choice of precursor and synthesis temperature. The distinct three-dimensional architecture and porosity in graphene oxide and carbon nitride-derived materials furnish a synthetic pathway for precise control over the local and global structure of nitrogen-doped carbon materials and their activity toward the activation of molecular hydrogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1320-1330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00064e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling heterojunctions: a computational chemistry perspective","authors":"Mesfin Eshete and Giovanni Di Liberto","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00104H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00104H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The design of heterojunction photocatalysts with enhanced photocatalytic performance is a key challenge. Computational chemistry is a valid strategy to access, with atomistic details, the nature of heterojunction-based materials. In this review, we revise and recall a series of important modeling aspects to account for in the modeling of heterojunctions, such as structural models (including lattice mismatch), band offsets, and interface polarization. Lattice mismatch is essential to be considered to avoid spurious effects. Band offsets determine the relative positioning of the band edges, which in turn indicates the way photogenerated charge carriers prefer to move. The charge polarization has an effect on efficient charge separation which instructs the unidirectional charge migration through the preferential migration path of photogenerated charge carriers. In general, we describe general concepts for designing heterojunction photocatalysts. Drawbacks and potential prospects are discussed to help the field in creating more effective photocatalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 4","pages":" 897-916"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00104h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin Dedecker, Benjamin Paret, Lionel Presmanes, Benjamin Duployer, Antoine Barnabé, Philippe Menini, David Farrusseng, Mikhael Bechelany, Martin Drobek and Anne Julbe
{"title":"Optimizing ZIF-8 membrane growth on top of semiconductive Ga-doped ZnO sensitive layers†","authors":"Kevin Dedecker, Benjamin Paret, Lionel Presmanes, Benjamin Duployer, Antoine Barnabé, Philippe Menini, David Farrusseng, Mikhael Bechelany, Martin Drobek and Anne Julbe","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00054H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00054H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Functionalizing ZnO-based chemiresistive sensor surfaces with a ZIF-8 layer, which acts as a permselective membrane, is a well-established strategy to enhance sensor selectivity. This study examines the key factors influencing the conversion process, including the physicochemical properties of solvents or solvent mixtures and the thermal pretreatment, of Ga-doped ZnO (ZnO : Ga). We have evidenced that the polarity, viscosity, and interfacial tension of the solvent significantly affect the dissolution of ZnO : Ga and the crystallization of ZIF-8. Methanol–water mixtures were found to effectively control the conversion process, with a 3 : 1 MeOH/H<small><sub>2</sub></small>O ratio being optimal for producing continuous ZIF-8 membranes. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that annealing can greatly enhance the reactivity of the oxide. However, while it enhances the dissolution of ZnO : Ga, excessively high temperatures can lead to over-dissolution, which hinders ZIF-8 formation. These insights are crucial for optimizing ZIF-8 layers on ZnO : Ga, paving the way for the development of highly selective chemiresistive sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1345-1358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00054h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ionic rectification via electrical double layer modulation at hydrogel interfaces","authors":"Yaowen Ouyang, Zhong Lin Wang and Di Wei","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00098J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00098J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hydrogel-based iontronics have emerged as key enablers for sustainable energy harvesting and bio-inspired sensing, with applications spanning human–machine interfaces, brain–computer interfaces, and neuromorphic computing. Central to their operation is precise modulation of the electrical double layer (EDL) at hydrogel interfaces, which governs ionic rectification, a critical function for efficient iontronic performance. This review systematically examines EDL modulation strategies for achieving ionic rectification in hydrogel systems, classifying them into four fundamental mechanisms: (1) EDL formation on charged polymer chains in polyelectrolyte hydrogels; (2) nanopore-confined EDL enhanced by hydrogel modification; (3) EDL at hydrogel-based p–n junctions; and (4) asymmetric EDL at hydrogel/electrode interfaces. Representative studies highlighting breakthrough applications of these mechanisms are discussed, alongside an outlook on the future of EDL engineering in hydrogel-based iontronics, emphasizing both opportunities and challenges in optimizing performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 4","pages":" 873-896"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00098j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bich Ngoc Tran, Yasemin Fadil, Yin Yao, Vipul Agarwal and Per B. Zetterlund
{"title":"Effect of high filler loading on polymer/(reduced) graphene oxide nanocomposite coatings†","authors":"Bich Ngoc Tran, Yasemin Fadil, Yin Yao, Vipul Agarwal and Per B. Zetterlund","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00078E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00078E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Synthesis of polymer/(reduced) graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites based on copolymers of styrene/<em>n</em>-butyl acrylate and benzyl methacrylate/<em>n</em>-butyl acrylate at unusually high filler loadings of up to 45 wt% has been explored using aqueous emulsion-based approaches. Two approaches were investigated: (i) miniemulsion polymerization in the presence of GO, and (ii) physical mixing of aqueous GO with a polymer latex. Nanocomposite films were prepared from aqueous composite latexes at room temperature by drop casting, with conversion of GO to rGO <em>via</em> thermal treatment. The electrical conductivity reaches values of approximately 10<small><sup>2</sup></small> Sm<small><sup>−1</sup></small> at high rGO contents in both systems, with higher values for physical mixing than miniemulsion at medium rGO loadings. The thermal conductivities increased with increasing rGO content with the highest values of approx. 0.4 W mK<small><sup>−1</sup></small> – physical mixing systems gave higher thermal conductivities than miniemulsions. Increasing GO loading provided stronger but less flexible materials for both systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1248-1258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00078e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa, Nguyen Duc Hong, Pham Thang Long, Bui Le Thanh Nhan, Nguyen Ngoc Nam and Do Mai Nguyen
{"title":"Green electrochemical sensing of ampicillin using reduced graphene oxide-modified electrodes","authors":"Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa, Nguyen Duc Hong, Pham Thang Long, Bui Le Thanh Nhan, Nguyen Ngoc Nam and Do Mai Nguyen","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00127G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00127G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A “green” electrochemical sensor for the detection of ampicillin (AMP) was developed using a reduced graphene oxide-modified glassy carbon electrode (rGO/GCE). The sensor exhibited good performance with a linear detection range from 0.02 μM to 2.56 μM and a low detection limit of 6.75 nM. Characterization of the rGO material was carried out using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy, confirming the successful reduction of graphene oxide and the restoration of electrical conductivity. The rGO/GCE sensor demonstrated high selectivity, minimal interference from common compounds, and good repeatability, reproducibility and long-term stability. Real-sample analysis in spiked urine achieved recovery rates of 97–103%, validated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results highlight the rGO/GCE sensor as a sensitive, reliable, and cost-effective platform for AMP monitoring in pharmaceutical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1209-1219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00127g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Chen, Xingyan Zeng, Yufei Yang, Xuyang Wang, Hui Nie, Xingping Zhou and Xiaolin Xie
{"title":"Hollow SnO2 nanosphere-coated separators for dendrite-free lithium metal batteries†","authors":"Yi Chen, Xingyan Zeng, Yufei Yang, Xuyang Wang, Hui Nie, Xingping Zhou and Xiaolin Xie","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00101C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00101C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Serious dendrite formation remains a significant challenge for the practical application of high-energy lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Fabricating separators with a high lithium ion transference number (<em>t</em><small><sub>Li<small><sup>+</sup></small></sub></small>) and uniform pore structure is an effective strategy to homogenize Li<small><sup>+</sup></small> flux and suppress dendrite growth. Here, hollow SnO<small><sub>2</sub></small> nanospheres with high structural stability were synthesized through a solvothermal method for surface coating of a poly(ethylene-<em>co</em>-acrylic acid) (EAA) separator (EAA@SnO<small><sub>2</sub></small>). The EAA matrix enhances the <em>t</em><small><sub>Li<small><sup>+</sup></small></sub></small> through the interaction of carboxyl groups with ions in the electrolyte, while hollow SnO<small><sub>2</sub></small> nanospheres convert to Li<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small>Sn during cycling, regulating Li<small><sup>+</sup></small> flux and promoting uniform solid electrolyte interphase formation. The as-prepared separator-based Li symmetric cells demonstrate stable cycling for over 1000 h with a low overpotential of 17 mV. Additionally, the LiFePO<small><sub>4</sub></small>||Li cells with the EAA@SnO<small><sub>2</sub></small> separator deliver an initial capacity of 116.6 mA h g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> and a capacity retention of over 80.96% after 200 cycles at 5C. The utilization of metallic hollow SnO<small><sub>2</sub></small> nanospheres for separator coating proves to be a promising strategy for high-performance LMBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1311-1319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00101c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interfacial response of Mg–Ca–Si–Zr nanoparticles for transformative orthopedic therapeutics","authors":"Priya Singh, Somesh Agrawal, Deepak Khare, Vinod Tiwari and Ashutosh Kumar Dubey","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00045A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00045A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Debris particles, discharged due to degradation and wear, initiate an inflammatory response at the implantation site or lead to aseptic loosening of the prosthesis, ultimately resulting in implant failure over time. The toxicity concern becomes more severe with the release of nano-sized debris particles due to augmented interfacial interactions, even if the bulk counterpart is highly biocompatible. From this perspective, the present study aims to assess the <em>in vivo</em> toxicity, both local and systemic, of Mg<small><sub>1−<em>x</em></sub></small>Ca<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small>Si<small><sub>1−<em>x</em></sub></small>Zr<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small>O<small><sub>3</sub></small> (<em>x</em> = 0–0.4) [MCSZO-<em>X</em>, <em>X</em> = 0–4] nanoparticles using a rat model. Initially, the <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxicity of varying concentrations (0.25, 2.5, and 25 mg ml<small><sup>−1</sup></small>) of MCSZO-<em>X</em> nanoparticles was evaluated using MG-63 cells. Cell proliferation increases after the early interfacial interactions. Following this, 100 μl of MCSZO nanoparticles (25 mg ml<small><sup>−1</sup></small>) was administered through intra-articular injection into the knee joint of male Wistar rats. Biochemical analyses revealed no pathological changes in the liver and kidney of the injected group of rats. Additionally, the histopathological analyses demonstrated that there is no inflammation resulting from interfacial interactions with injected nanoparticles in various organs such as the liver, heart, kidney and knee. Overall, these findings pave the way for further advancement in bone repair and implant design.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1331-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00045a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sapan Kumar Pandit, Kushal Yadav, Poonam Chauhan and Aditya Kumar
{"title":"Accessing the corrosion resistance for metallic surfaces using long-chain fatty acids†","authors":"Sapan Kumar Pandit, Kushal Yadav, Poonam Chauhan and Aditya Kumar","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00125K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00125K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, the corrosion resistance of a metallic surface is provided by a superhydrophobic coating, which can protect it from dirt and water. The aluminium surfaces are modified with different long-chain fatty acids using a simple immersion technique. The modified aluminium surfaces exhibit excellent water-repellent properties with a static water contact angle of more than 150° and a sliding angle of less than 10°. The corrosion resistance of the modified surfaces was measured using a potentiodynamic technique in a 3.5% (w/v) NaCl solution. The Tafel plot shows an enhancement in corrosion resistance with a low corrosion current density and high corrosion potential after modification. The highest <em>E</em><small><sub>corr</sub></small> value of −0.7819 V and the lowest corrosion current density of 1.48 × 10<small><sup>−6</sup></small> A cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small> are found to be for the octadecanoic acid coated sample. Furthermore, the rate of corrosion resistance is analysed based on the length of fatty acids. Additionally, the modified aluminium surface also shows a dirt-resistant nature. The performance of the coated surface was investigated under several operating conditions including elevated temperature, contact with highly acidic and alkaline solutions, and different mechanical tests (surface bending, water jet, tape-peeling, and abrasion using sandpaper), which fulfils the industrial suitability of aluminium after modification.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1359-1371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00125k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}