RSC Applied Interfaces最新文献

{"title":"Paint adhesion on titanium and zirconium oxide conversion coated galvanised steel","authors":"Laura-Marleen Baumgartner, Andreas Erbe and Michael Rohwerder","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00011D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00011D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The effect of cleaning and rinsing on the formation of titanium and zirconium oxide based conversion coatings was investigated. The conversion coatings were applied by coil coating on hot-dip galvanised steel (Z), electrolytic galvanised steel (ZE) and the novel zinc–magnesium–aluminium alloy coated steel (ZM). Consequences on paint adhesion were also studied. Two different conversion coating solutions were used which differ in pH as well as in their chemical composition. Both solutions are titanium oxide based where as one contains a zirconium compound in addition. Glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) confirmed that the addition of rinsing steps during the coating process removes significant amounts of coating components from all surfaces. The coating weight varies depending on the different cleaning and substrate and is highest on ZM when using the titanium based conversion coating. The adhesion test results of the full-coat system show a good correlation between the conversion coating wetting behaviour, the effect of inclusion of a rinsing step into the coating process and paint adhesion as tested qualitatively by a water-storage test for a duration of 1008 h. Independent of cleaning and pretreatment, the traditional ZE showed excellent performance. Paint adhesion on ZM was best after acidic cleaning, pretreatment without zirconium oxide, and rinsing. For Z, the zirconium-oxide free coating also showed strongest adhesion, independent of cleaning. Industrial substrates were compared with model substrates consisting of vapour deposited zinc, magnesium or aluminium. Clear differences in the arising conversion layer build-up structures were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); no typical conversion layer structure was found on aluminium. Consequently, the aluminium component of the mixed surface oxide is hypothesised to slow down conversion coating formation during coil coating.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1473-1484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00011d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encapsulating freezing point depressants in elastomeric coatings: effective and durable anti-icing and de-icing coatings","authors":"Harish Sivakumaran, Ratul Dasgupta and Guruswamy Kumaraswamy","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00181A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00181A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Preventing ice formation on surfaces (anti-icing) and easy removal of ice formed on surfaces (de-icing) are of great technological importance for aircraft and overhead power lines. This has typically been effected by the use of coatings. A wide variety of coatings have been reported that delay frost formation or that afford the removal of deposited ice. However, there is a need for coatings that simultaneously exhibit anti-icing and de-icing properties and that are robust to multiple freeze–thaw cycles. Here, we report a two-phase coating comprising a soft gel-phase swollen with freezing point depressant, encapsulated in a hydrophobic, rigid elastomeric matrix phase. Since the coating is comprised predominantly of the soft gel phase (70% by vol.) embedded in the rigid matrix (minority phase, 30% by vol.), it exhibits a low elastic modulus while maintaining good mechanical durability. This coating exhibits exceptional performance, with an unprecedented combination of frost inhibition and removal of surface ice at very low stresses when compared with previously reported coatings. In particular, frosting takes over 200 minutes for a surface temperature of −20 °C at ambient conditions of 28 °C and 60% RH, compared to less than 20 minutes for superhydrophobic or liquid-infused slippery coatings. Further, these coatings are characterized by an adhesion stress ≈10 kPa, lower than even that for stress localized surfaces (≈40–50 kPa). Additionally, the anti-icing and de-icing performance of this coating is robust to multiple freeze–thaw cycles. In contrast to previously reported elastomeric coatings, de-icing is not due to stress localization – rather, it likely arises from local melting of deposited ice at the interface with the coating, by the action of the freezing point depressant. We attribute the exceptional performance of the coating to a combination of the overall low elastic modulus of the coating, with the slow release of hydrophilic freezing point depressant through the matrix.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1237-1247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00181a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in cathode catalysts for rechargeable aprotic lithium–oxygen batteries","authors":"Chen Liu and Huahuan Wang","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00153F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00153F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs) are highly esteemed for their exceptional energy density (∼3500 Wh kg<small>⁻¹</small>) and are regarded as one of the most promising battery technologies. However, several challenges hinder the commercialization and widespread adoption of LOBs, including side reactions occurring at the lithium anode, electrolyte decomposition, and growth of lithium dendrites. These issues contribute to reduced cycle life and increased overpotential, adversely affecting the performance of LOBs. Consequently, exploring effective cathode catalysts is crucial for advancing this field. Initially, this review provides background information on LOBs, including that on singlet oxygen formation, and then clearly and succinctly outlines their operational mechanisms. Subsequently, a detailed analysis of recent developments in cathode catalysts for aprotic LOBs is presented, notably spin engineering and amorphization strategy for spinel oxides and development of high-entropy alloys. Finally, innovative directions are proposed, especially new soluble catalysts and machine learning, for investigating cathode catalysts and enhancing the electrochemical performance of LOBs considering existing challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1171-1198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00153f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface potential-dependent assembly of DNA origami lattices at SiO2 surfaces†","authors":"Adekunle Omoboye, Bhanu Kiran Pothineni, Guido Grundmeier, Zhe She and Adrian Keller","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00169B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00169B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Self-assembled DNA origami lattices have promising applications in the fabrication of functional surfaces for sensing and plasmonics <em>via</em> molecular lithography. While surface-assisted DNA origami lattice assembly at mica surfaces is a straightforward and widely employed method, technologically more relevant SiO<small>₂</small> surfaces still pose a challenge. Lattice assembly on SiO<small>₂</small> surfaces is very sensitive toward environmental conditions and surface properties, which often results in comparably low lattice order even under optimized conditions. Here, we investigate DNA origami lattice assembly at oxidized silicon wafers at room temperature with an applied negative substrate potential. <em>In situ</em> atomic force microscopy reveals that lattice assembly is notably affected by the applied potential, with −120 mV resulting in the highest lattice order after 120 min incubation. The obtained degree of order, however, is lower than that of lattices assembled under equivalent potential-free conditions at an elevated substrate temperature. Varying the concentrations of monovalent and divalent ions in the electrolyte only leads to a further decrease in lattice order. While our results demonstrate the important role of the surface potential in surface-assisted DNA origami lattice assembly, they also suggest that the achievable degree of lattice order is limited by additional factors such as the roughness of the SiO<small>₂</small> surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1424-1434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00169b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-isocyanate polyurethane from bio-based feedstocks and their interface applications","authors":"Zichen Ling, Liang Gu, Shuzhen Liu, Yuhan Su and Qixin Zhou","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00160A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00160A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) has emerged as a promising material to substitute conventional polyurethane (PU) that relies on toxic precursors—isocyanates. Aligned with the principles of green chemistry, environmental friendliness, and sustainability, NIPU from bio-based materials has gained significant interest in recent years. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of NIPU synthesis methods and their various classifications. It also highlights bio-based precursors in NIPU synthesis, supported by detailed case studies. Furthermore, the review explores the potential application of bio-based NIPU at interfaces such as coating, adhesive, and biomedical materials. Finally, the current limitations and perspectives on the development of bio-based NIPU are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1123-1142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00160a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of phosphazene-based compounds in an electrolyte additive mixture for enhanced safety and performance of NMC811||Si-graphite cell chemistry†","authors":"Bahareh Alsadat Sadeghi, Christian Wölke, Mykhailo Shevchuk, Marian Stan, Jaroslav Minar, Matthias Weiling, Susanna Krämer, Masoud Baghernejad, Sascha Nowak, Gerd-Volker Röschenthaler, Mariano Grünebaum, Martin Winter and Isidora Cekic-Laskovic","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00138B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00138B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Addressing the critical need for enhanced safety and performance in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), this work presents a comprehensive evaluation of a novel flame-retardant electrolyte additive, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclo-triphosphazene (CF<small>₃</small>PFPN), in combination with vinylene carbonate (VC) and 2-phenoxy-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane (PhEPi) for high-energy NMC811||Si-graphite (20% Si) cells. This synergistic additive mixture not only demonstrates superior flame-retardant properties compared to a non-fluorinated analogue but also yields improvements in discharge capacity. Detailed investigation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) formation reveals the beneficial contributions of each component, leading to reduced interfacial resistance and enhanced electrochemical performance. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis confirms the effective suppression of electrolyte degradation. These findings highlight the substantial potential of tailored electrolyte additive combinations, particularly incorporating fluorinated phosphazenes, to simultaneously advance the safety and energy density of LIBs utilizing silicon-based anodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1461-1472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00138b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphate conversion process on Al–Si-coated steel: characterization and impact on the heat-treatment performance†","authors":"Robin Dohr, Dorothea Mattissen, Michael Stang and Uwe Ruschewitz","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00079C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00079C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Energy- and time-efficient hot-stamping processes are essential for the production of lightweight, high-performance automotive components. Aluminum–silicon (Al–Si)-coated steel, widely used in hot-stamping, suffers from low heating efficiency due to its reflective surface, limiting process speed and energy efficiency. In this study, a phosphate conversion process including alkaline cleaning and subsequent phosphate conversion was applied to aluminum–silicon (Al–Si-)-coated steel sheets to improve the heating rate during heat treatment. Surface characterization of the sheets was performed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy with an integrating sphere, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Alkaline cleaning increased the surface concentration of silicon, which in turn decreased reflectance compared to untreated sheets, as confirmed by total reflectance measurements. Subsequent phosphate conversion formed a hopeite (Zn<small>₃</small>(PO<small>₄</small>)<small>₂</small>·4H<small>₂</small>O) layer, further reducing the reflectance. <em>In situ</em> temperature curves, recorded using a thermocouple embedded in the sheets, revealed a significant reduction of the heating time for the cleaned and phosphated sheets. Longer phosphating durations progressively shortened the heating time by up to 50%, which correlated with an increase in surface emissivity of nearly 100%, thereby doubling the efficiency of the heating process. Characterization of the phosphated sheets after heat treatment revealed that the phosphate coating has reacted with aluminum from the Al–Si-layer to form ZnAl<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small> (gahnite) and AlPO<small>₄</small> (tridymite-type). The dehydration of the hopeite layer was also studied under the heat-treatment conditions, which showed an amorphous, hydrated intermediate phase after 2 s at 920 °C and the formation of crystalline Zn<small>₃</small>(PO<small>₄</small>)<small>₂</small> after 10 s.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1485-1492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00079c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outstanding Reviewers for RSC Applied Interfaces in 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1039/D5LF90010G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF90010G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We would like to take this opportunity to thank all of <em>RSC Applied Interfaces</em>’ reviewers for helping to preserve quality and integrity in chemical science literature. We would also like to highlight the Outstanding Reviewers for <em>RSC Applied Interfaces</em> in 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1104-1104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf90010g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molten salt synthesis of increased (100)-facet and polycrystalline nickel oxide nanoparticles for the oxygen evolution reaction: impact of facet and crystallinity on electrocatalysis†","authors":"Darius W. Hayes, Elliot Brim, Konstantin Rücker, Dereje Hailu Taffa, Omeshwari Bisen, Marcel Risch, Shaun M. Alia, Jullian Lorenz, Corinna Harms, Michael Wark and Ryan M. Richards","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00072F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00072F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nickel oxide nanocubes with increased (100) surface facet presence (NiO(100)) were synthesized through a molten salt synthesis procedure to probe their oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity in order to investigate the relationship between the surface facet and OER performance. While altering the synthesis parameters to decrease NiO(100) particle sizes and agglomeration, a polycrystalline NiO nanoparticle system formed from using Li<small>₂</small>O as a Lux–Flood base (labelled Li<small>₂</small>O-MSS NiO, where MSS stands for molten salt synthesis). This novel synthesis was further elaborated and the obtained materials were also tested for OER activity. After thorough structural characterization to determine crystallinity, lattice spacings, and elemental distribution, their OER activity was compared <em>versus</em> high surface area NiO(111) nanosheets in a three-electrode rotating disk electrode (RDE) system. The activity trend of (111) &gt; Li<small>₂</small>O-MSS &gt; (100) was observed. This decrease in activity of the nanocube and polycrystalline samples was explained by differences between theoretical and experimental conditions, differences in ink rheology and resulting catalyst layer properties, and significant agglomeration seen in the imaging of the sample. Methods for improving the OER activity of these samples are discussed in the conclusion of this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1448-1460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00072f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in sulfurized polyacrylonitrile cathodes for lithium–sulfur batteries","authors":"Ting-Hu Tsai and Yu-Sheng Su","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00157A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00157A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are attractive for next-generation energy storage due to the high theoretical capacity (1675 mA h g<small>⁻¹</small>) and energy density (≈2600 Wh kg<small>⁻¹</small>) of sulfur cathodes. However, traditional sulfur cathodes suffer from severe challenges including the electrical insulation of sulfur, large volume changes upon cycling, and the notorious polysulfide shuttle effect that causes rapid capacity fade. In this regard, sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) has emerged as a promising cathode material to overcome these issues. By chemically binding sulfur within a carbon–nitrogen polymer matrix, SPAN completely suppresses polysulfide dissolution and shuttle, enabling highly stable cycling. It is synthesized by simple thermal treatment of polyacrylonitrile with sulfur, yielding a covalently bonded S–C network that is compatible with conventional carbonate electrolytes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of SPAN cathodes, including their structural characteristics and unique solid-state redox mechanism, as well as recent advances in material design and performance optimization. We highlight key studies that elucidate the covalent bonding and lithiation chemistry of SPAN, and we survey state-of-the-art strategies from conductive composites and dopants to electrode engineering, which have elevated its electrochemical performance. Finally, remaining challenges and perspectives for practical Li–S batteries with SPAN cathodes are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1105-1122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00157a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}