RSC Applied Interfaces最新文献

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into the photocatalytic and electrocatalytic activities of MgNiO2: role of reactive oxygen species and oxygen vacancies†","authors":"Sandhyawasini Kumari, Amrita Tripathy, Vishalakshi Gurumurthy DileepKumar, Afaq Ahmad Khan, Ashoka Siddaramanna, John Kiwi, Mysore Sridhar Santosh, Sami Rtimi, Khushwant Singh and Sai Smaran S. B.","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00102A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00102A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Granular MgNiO<small>₂</small> has emerged as a promising catalyst owing to its remarkable electrocatalytic activity and photodegradation efficiency under visible light. In this work, granular surface-engineered MgNiO<small>₂</small> nanoparticles were synthesized using the precipitation method. The interaction of Mg and Ni, forming Mg–Ni–O structures during high-temperature MgNiO<small>₂</small> synthesis, was investigated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The presence of Ni<small>³⁺</small> species in the ionic form indicated charge transfer reactions in the catalyst. The band gaps of the as-prepared MgNiO<small>₂</small> and NiO were determined to be 2.2 eV and 3.7 eV, respectively. The first-order transverse optical (TO) phonon modes observed at 536 cm<small>⁻¹</small> indicated the presence of NiO, which was identified as the primary contributor to the Raman peaks. Further, the photocatalytic degradation of caffeine under visible light achieved a removal efficiency of 95.5% within 180 minutes. The intermediate reactive oxidative species (ROS) leading to MgNiO<small>₂</small> degradation were identified, and their lifetime and diffusion length in the solution were reported. Superoxide (O<small>²⁻</small>˙) and hydroxyl (˙OH) radicals were identified as the main ROS contributing to caffeine degradation. The electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) indicated a high density of oxygen vacancies in MgNiO<small>₂</small> compared to NiO, suggesting the promoter role of Mg species in the photocatalyst. These insights provide a holistic understanding of MgNiO<small>₂</small> as a catalyst and its pivotal role in green and efficient caffeine photodegradation and the electrocatalytic OER.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1435-1447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00102a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supercritical preparation of doped (111) facetted nickel oxide for the oxygen evolution reaction†","authors":"Elliot Brim, Darius Hayes, Konstantin Kimone Rücker, Dereje Hailu Taffa, Omeshwari Bisen, Marcel Risch, Shaun Alia, Julian Lorenz, Corinna Harms, Michael Wark and Ryan M. Richards","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00174A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00174A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Green hydrogen is of great interest as a replacement for traditional fossil fuels in a variety of energy applications. However, due to the poor kinetics present in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) half-reaction, nanostructured catalysts are needed to reduce the reaction overpotential. Nickel oxide has previously been shown to be a promising alternative to expensive Pt-group based catalysts for the OER in alkaline media. Herein, facetted NiO nanosheets have been doped with Fe, Mn, or Co to reduce its catalytic overpotential for the OER. A supercritical synthesis process was used to promote the mass transport of the reactants while preserving catalytic surface area. Microscopy, diffraction, spectroscopy, and adsorption techniques were used to understand the morphological changes resulting from the inclusion of each dopant, as well as characterize the surface chemistry presented by the doped (111) facet. The pH was found to affect the properties of mixing due to difference in hydrolysis rates and catalysis of the hydrolysis/condensation. The dopants exhibited distinct effects on OER activity: Mn increased the overpotential to 742 mV <em>vs.</em> RHE, while Co and Fe reduced it to 502 mV and 457 mV, respectively. In summary, a straightforward and novel synthesis method is presented to prepare doped NiO(111) nanosheets, and their surface characteristics are explored to understand their varied electrochemical performances.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1407-1416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00174a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interface-engineered UiO-66 nanoparticles on porous carbon textiles for reactive protection against toxic 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide†","authors":"Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis, Paola S. Pauletto, Marc Florent and Teresa J. Bandosz","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00142K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00142K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Porous carbon textile composites with incorporated zirconium-based UiO-66 nanoparticles were synthesized using two approaches: a dip-and-dry post-synthesis deposition method and an <em>in situ</em> synthesis strategy in which UiO-66 nanoparticles were grown directly on the surface of carbon textiles. Pre-oxidation of the carbon textile significantly enhanced UiO-66 deposition and dispersion. The pre-oxidized composite textile synthesized through the <em>in situ</em> approach (CT-O-UiO-i) showed the highest UiO-66 loading of 6.7 wt%, which was more than four times higher than on the oxidized textile modified with pre-synthesized UiO-66 (CT-O-UiO-d). The surface area of CT-O-UiO-d and CT-O-UiO-i was 659 and 430 m<small>²</small> g<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively. The modified textiles effectively captured the mustard gas simulant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), with weight uptakes reaching up to 396 mg g<small>⁻¹</small> for CT-O-UiO-d. While the surface area was crucial for physical adsorption, UiO-66 enabled the chemical decomposition of CEES into less toxic compounds such as diethyl disulfide (DEDS) and ethyl vinyl sulfide (EVS). CT-O-UiO-i exhibited the highest reactivity, primarily converting CEES to EVS <em>via</em> dehydrohalogenation. This was attributed to the high dispersion and strong anchoring of UiO-66, increasing the number and accessibility of Lewis acidic sites. Therefore, this study highlights the potential of MOF-modified carbon textiles as functional materials that combine physical and reactive adsorption to ensure effective protection against this chemical warfare agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1275-1287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00142k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A purposefully engineered bimetallic graphene oxide nanosphere composite for visible light-driven eradication of organic fluorescent dyes†","authors":"Krishan Kumar","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00166H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00166H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Water pollution of natural water sources has been rapidly augmented because of the continuous discharge of wastewater as a result of industrial globalization. However, conventional tools and technologies for wastewater treatment are insufficient to remediate the pollutants. Thus, we devised a simple and efficient neodymium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS)-anchored graphene oxide (GO) nanosphere (Nd@ZnS:GO-NS) composite <em>via</em> co-precipitation and sonochemical techniques. Nd@ZnS:GO-NSs were tailored <em>via</em> surface charge-induced strained wrapping phenomenon by rolling up of annealed GO nanosheets, and the diameters were mostly in the range of 50–200 nm. These Nd@ZnS:GO-NSs were employed for the photodegradation of the cationic organic dyes (CODs) methyl orange (MO) and Coomassie brilliant blue red (BBR). Complete (100%) photodegradation of MO and BBR was observed with Nd@ZnS (3.50 h and 3.00 h, respectively) and Nd@ZnS:GO-NSs (180 min and 80 min, respectively). Optimized conditions of pH = 8, COD dosage = 20 mgL<small>⁻¹</small>, and Nd@ZnS:GO-NS dosage = 20 mg showed excellent degradation activities. Although both Nd@ZnS and Nd@ZnS:GO-NSs served as photocatalysts, among them, Nd@ZnS:GO-NSs showed excellent photosensor activities owing to their fast charge mobility, superior electronic conductivity, and improved surface activity, supplementing the role of 2D-GO in multicyclic reusability. Moreover, the negative (e<small>⁻</small>) hole pairs generated from Nd@ZnS:GO-NSs interfaced for a longer time with MO dye (with a stronger azo (–N<img>N–) group and one SO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> group) than with BBR dye (with two SO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> groups and a quaternary nitrogen (<img>N<small>⁺</small>–) group). Nd@ZnS:GO-NSs may open up new opportunities for the rational construction of effective photocatalysts for fundamental research and other applications. This strategic bifurcation of nanomaterials can be extended to doping with other nanomaterials, thereby advancing the development of nanostructures to the next level.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1288-1298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00166h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc-ion batteries: pioneering the future of sustainable energy storage through advanced materials and mechanisms","authors":"Zixuan Chen, Liang Zhang, Tianyu Yu, Huancheng Yang, Yao Lu, Xiaodan Wang, Rui Li, Zonglun Ye, Yue Wang, Pengwei Li, Bowen Zheng, Yukun Sun, Depeng Wang, Guoqiang Xu and Wenchao Gao","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00077G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00077G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The growing global demand for sustainable energy storage has positioned zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), offering inherent advantages in safety, cost, and environmental compatibility. Despite challenges like dendrite formation and cathode dissolution, recent advancements in electrode materials and electrolytes show significant progress. Anode innovations focus on surface modification and structural engineering to mitigate dendrites, while cathode development explores manganese/vanadium oxides, Prussian blue analogs, and emerging materials like Chevrel phases and MXenes. Electrolyte optimization, including aqueous, non-aqueous, and hybrid systems, has improved ion transport and interfacial stability. Mechanistic studies reveal complex redox processes involving cations, anions, and functional groups, guiding material design. ZIBs demonstrate potential for grid storage, flexible electronics, and electric vehicles, though challenges in energy density and cycle life remain. Addressing these through advanced characterization, computational modeling, and scalable fabrication could accelerate ZIB commercialization, establishing them as key players in sustainable energy storage and supporting global decarbonization efforts. Future research should focus on interdisciplinary approaches to overcome existing limitations and unlock their full potential. This review consolidates current knowledge while outlining pathways for ZIB development toward practical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1143-1170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00077g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-cubic SrTiO3 on poly(heptazine imide) (PHI) composite for enhancing photodegradation efficiency†","authors":"Phyu Phyu Cho, Phyu Phyu Mon, Mohit Kumar, Suryakala Duvvuri, Giridhar Madras, Guo-Ping Chang-Chien, Srinivaas Masimukku and Subrahmanyam Challapalli","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00120J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00120J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Photocatalytic degradation effectively removes organic pollutants from wastewater, ensuring environmental safety. The current study successfully generated SrTiO<small>₃</small> NCs/PHI nanohybrids by a simple sonication method and used them for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, FT-IR, and UV-vis DRS. The results clearly indicated that SrTiO<small>₃</small> nanocubes are effectively spread within the layers of PHI. The catalysts were tested for photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet (CV), methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), and Congo red (CR) under UV-visible irradiation. In comparison with other catalysts, SrTiO<small>₃</small> NCs/PHI exhibited exceptional decolorization of all four dyes, and pseudo-first-order kinetics were revealed. The nanocomposite activity exceeded those of SrTiO<small>₃</small> NCs and PHI in increasing charge carrier production, separation, and transport, as validated by PL, EIS, and photocurrent methods. The results of trapping tests showed that ˙OH, ˙O<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small>, and h<small>⁺</small> species are crucial to the degradation process. The type-I heterojunction mechanism was suggested based on the results and Mott–Schottky plots, which were more consistent with the real conditions of the photocatalytic process. This research aims to establish a substantial strategy for enhancing the band structure of SrTiO<small>₃</small> with PHI to improve its photocatalytic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1259-1274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00120j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the chemical structure of fluorinated diazonium salts on the electrografting behavior and thin film properties†","authors":"Rébecca Bazin, Jocelyne Leroy, Mélanie François and Bruno Jousselme","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00106D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00106D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Many industrial and commercial applications require hydrophobic or super oleophobic surfaces. Fluorinated compounds provide surfaces with excellent hydrophobicity, but for environmental reasons, it is crucial to minimize their use. In this context, the electrografting of fluorinated diazonium salts enables the deposition of very thin films. This work investigates the impact of the chemical structure (different position or/and chain length) of these diazonium salts on the growth of the resulting film. Ultimately, the main objective is to understand the grafting mechanism in order to precisely achieve the desired properties. This study demonstrates that the chemical structure of diazonium salts greatly influences the film growth process, and, consequently its physical characteristics, such as compactness and hydrophobicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1395-1406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00106d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoparticle dispersion and separation in superhydrophilic nanostructures†","authors":"Andrew Tunell, Kun-Chieh Chien, Samuel Lee, Nirmalay Barua, Alexandra Paul, Sapun H. Parekh, Tanya Hutter and Chih-Hao Chang","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00089K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00089K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nanostructures can have novel properties that are rarely found in macroscale materials and have been employed for a wide range of applications. The wetting properties of nanostructured surfaces are particularly interesting and are controllable by engineering structure geometry and surface chemistry to create hydrophobic or hydrophilic nanostructures. In this work, we investigate the wicking and separation of nanoparticles in droplets through size dependent interactions in superhydrophilic wicking nanostructures. This effect is investigated by studying the assembly of particles larger and smaller than silicon nanostructures, which have periods of 300 nm and are fabricated using laser interference lithography. Polystyrene and fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 100 to 1100 nm are applied to the fabricated structure and examined using electron, optical, and fluorescence microscopy to determine particle assembly patterns and dispersion mechanisms during wicking. Mixtures of the particles are also applied to the surface and examined to identify particle separation effects from wicking. Identifying the dispersion mechanisms for particles of various sizes during fluid transport in nanostructures will provide insight into their response to particulates. This work demonstrates that nanostructured surfaces and their wetting response can have tunable filtering interactions with nanoscale elements. Applications for such surfaces include selective particle filters for microplastic, virus capture, and other particulate matter.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1199-1208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00089k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and interfacial engineering of sputtered electrolytes for thin film oxygen ion batteries†","authors":"Alexander Schmid, Tobias M. Huber, Florian Karbus, Maximillian Weiss, Andreas Limbeck and Jürgen Fleig","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00115C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00115C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study investigates the structural, chemical, and electrochemical properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin film electrolytes for thin film oxygen ion batteries (OIB), prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering. The films were deposited on various electrode materials, including platinum and mixed ionic electronic conducting (MIEC) perovskite oxides, with and without gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) buffer layers. Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry were employed to analyze the microstructural and chemical properties of the films. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling were used to evaluate the ionic conductivity and interfacial resistance of the YSZ films. The results demonstrate that the YSZ films exhibit a dense, polycrystalline structure with a highly columnar grain morphology and a chemical composition close to the desired stoichiometry. The ionic conductivity of the films is slightly lower than that of single crystal YSZ, with an activation energy of approximately 1.09 eV. The introduction of GDC buffer layers significantly reduces the interfacial resistance of YSZ grown on MIEC perovskite films, thereby lowering the effective electrolyte resistance by up to 75%. Thin film electrolyte OIBs were prepared and operated at 250 °C, and substantiated the performance increase by interfacial engineering, <em>i.e.</em> the introduction of GDC buffer layers.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1372-1381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00115c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Target analyte assisted sensitive electrochemical detection of cocaine on screen printed electrodes†","authors":"Ana Gomez Cardoso, Hoda Mozaffari, Syed Rahin Ahmed, Herlys Viltres, Greter A. Ortega, Seshasai Srinivasan and Amin Reza Rajabzadeh","doi":"10.1039/D5LF00006H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5LF00006H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The use of cocaine leads to several severe health conditions, and overconsumption often leads to death. Currently, cocaine detection devices require incubation periods, highly trained personnel, and expensive practices not suitable for roadside applications. Herein, a novel electrochemical biomolecule-free sensor for cocaine detection in complex matrices is presented using the electroactive characteristics of the cocaine molecule that does not require any biomolecules or chemicals for detection. This study implements the cocaine-modified carbon working electrodes to detect cocaine using cyclic voltammetry in a buffer solution and human saliva. At optimized conditions, the proposed electrochemical sensor enabled the detection of cocaine with a limit of detection of 1.73 ng mL<small>⁻¹</small> in PBS buffer (pH ∼7.4). Additionally, to facilitate detection in saliva, a machine learning strategy was introduced to analyze sensor analytical responses to overcome saliva-related complications in electrochemical sensing and challenges emanating from saliva-to-saliva variation. The data processing results allowed us to distinguish between cocaine concentrations ranging from 0 to over 50 ng mL<small>⁻¹</small> in saliva with an accuracy of 85%. Further, the successful detection of cocaine in the presence of various interferences was achieved, revealing that the m-Z-COC sensor is highly specific and a promising sensor for the development of a roadside oral fluid cocaine detection kit.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 5","pages":" 1382-1394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d5lf00006h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}