Materials Today Electronics最新文献

{"title":"Innovations in metamaterial and metasurface antenna design: The role of deep learning","authors":"Muhammad Kamran Shereen ,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaohu Wu ,&nbsp;Salah Ud Din ,&nbsp;Ayesha Naseem ,&nbsp;Shehryar Niazi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Irfan Khattak","doi":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metamaterials and metasurfaces have revolutionized antenna design by enabling unprecedented control over electromagnetic waves. This paper explores integrating deep learning (DL) techniques in designing and optimizing metamaterial and metasurface antennas, focusing on improvements in gain, bandwidth, and size reduction. The review considers modern methodologies, such as hybrid optimization techniques with DL combined with traditional methods such as genetic algorithms and evolutionary strategies. It also addresses the use of high-fidelity datasets generated from advanced simulations to train DL models for more efficient antenna design. The paper is structured into five main sections: an introduction to metamaterials and metasurfaces, a discussion on their electromagnetic behavior, a classification of different types, an overview of deep learning applications in antenna design, and a conclusion summarizing the current advances, challenges, and future directions. By emphasizing the potential of DL to streamline the design process and enhance antenna performance, this paper provides a valuable foundation for future research in electromagnetic metasurfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100893,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Electronics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humidity sensors for wearable health monitoring and human-machine interaction","authors":"Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Cong Xiao ,&nbsp;Huabin Yang ,&nbsp;Qirui Zhang ,&nbsp;Na Zhou ,&nbsp;Haiyang Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of wearable technology, humidity sensors have become increasingly important in the fields of health monitoring and human-machine interaction. This paper reviews the latest advancements in humidity sensors for wearable health applications, highlighting their applications in key areas such as breath monitoring, emotion recognition, diaper monitoring, and skin moisture detection. Due to their simple structure, high sensitivity, and non-contact detection capabilities, humidity sensors are gradually becoming a core technology for achieving real-time health monitoring and intelligent interaction. We provide an overview of the material innovations and development directions in current humidity sensor technology. Additionally, we systematically discuss the significance of humidity sensors in dynamic physiological signal monitoring and their potential applications in smart healthcare, sports training, emotion recognition, and non-contact interaction. Despite the broad prospects of humidity sensors in various applications, they still face several specific challenges. Finally, this paper proposes future research directions, calling for in-depth exploration of material innovations, system integration, and intelligent applications of humidity sensors to promote the development of personalized healthcare and smart health management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100893,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Electronics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance organic synaptic transistors for multi-wavelength perception simulation and neuromorphic computing","authors":"Yujiao Li ,&nbsp;Shanshan Jiang ,&nbsp;Bo He ,&nbsp;Bingyan Wang ,&nbsp;Jiawei Yang ,&nbsp;Huanhuan Wei ,&nbsp;Can Fu ,&nbsp;Gang He","doi":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inspired by biological neuromorphic systems, biomimetic artificial synaptic devices based on organic transistors have become a prominent research direction. The polymer PDVT-10, which is commonly used as channel layer in devices, has excellent stability and high mobility. However, previous research in simulating photonic synapses has focused on doping and hybrid structures, which is limited by the choice of materials and complex fabrication processes in exploring the multifunctional applications of photonic synaptic devices in the future. Here, we successfully constructed individual PDVT-10 photoelectric synaptic devices to simulate biological synaptic plasticity under different wavelengths of light pulse stimulation for the first time. Furthermore, the application of light-induced high-pass filtering characteristics, pain sensing, sensitization, as well as memory functions were realized. In addition, the application of logic circuits was realized based on the photoelectric synergistic effect. Moreover, the introduction of a polyvinyl alcohol light-absorbing layer endowed the device with light potentiation and electrical depression function. Subsequently, a simple convolutional neural network was successfully constructed and implemented for the MNIST number recognition task. This work not only contributes to an in-depth understanding of the response mechanism of the device to different wavelengths of light, but also enriches the application areas of the device and provides important support for the practical applications of neuromorphic computing in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100893,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Electronics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-nano additive manufacturing for advanced electronic packaging of singulated chips","authors":"Zhiwen Zhou ,&nbsp;Zihan Li ,&nbsp;Wenrui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yijie Bian ,&nbsp;Xing Qiu ,&nbsp;Lujun Huang ,&nbsp;Mojun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high costs associated with frontend packaging services, coupled with the incompatibility of wafer-level backend technologies with singulated chips, present significant challenges to the development of high-performance semiconductor devices. Micro-nano additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a transformative solution for the packaging of singulated chip, offering customizable designs, rapid prototyping capabilities, and the fabrication of complex three-dimensional (3D) structures. This review highlights the pivotal role of micro-nano AM in the fabrication of 3D antennas, copper pillar micro-bumps, and redistribution layers (RDLs), while also addressing the challenges associated with heterogeneous integration and thermal management. By synergizing AM with conventional packaging techniques, this technology accelerates chip validation, reduces production costs, and enables multifunctional integration. Nevertheless, to realize its full potential at scale, AM still faces critical challenges such as limited scalability and structural consistency. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the integration of AM technologies into advanced electronic packaging, highlighting their potential to revolutionize next-generation semiconductor manufacturing and electronic integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100893,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Electronics","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic multimode OAM generation implemented by mechanically reconfigurable metasurfaces","authors":"Xiangming Wu ,&nbsp;Zhengping Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenfei Li ,&nbsp;Jin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiong Wang ,&nbsp;Weiren Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) hold promising applications in enhanced communications by exploiting their multiple and orthogonal modes. While programmable metasurfaces offer the capability to generate OAM waves with varying modes, they come with complexities in design and elevated costs due to the heavy reliance on active devices. In this paper, we present an innovative approach for dynamic OAM generation utilizing a pair of mechanically reconfigurable metasurfaces. The phase distributions of the two metasurfaces are carefully crafted to exhibit reconfigurable characteristics upon superimposition by adjusting their relative displacement. Specifically, the designed metasurfaces feature full phase modulation and high transmittance above -3 dB within 21–24 GHz. With these metasurfaces, OAM waves with six distinct modes (topological charge <span><math><mrow><mi>l</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>±</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>±</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>±</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math></span>) have been dynamically achieved, with each mode being generated under a specific displacement. The proposed design is rigorously validated through numerical simulations and experimental measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100893,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Electronics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diameter dependent synaptic behaviors of III-V nanowires for neuromorphic image denoising","authors":"Zeqi Zang,&nbsp;Zixu Sa,&nbsp;Pengsheng Li,&nbsp;Guangcan Wang,&nbsp;Mingxu Wang,&nbsp;Yanxue Yin,&nbsp;Feng Chen,&nbsp;Zai-xing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diameter is an important geometry parameter for III-V nanowires (NWs) in electronics, optoelectronics and neuromorphic computing. In this work, the electrical stability and synaptic behaviors of thin and thick GaSb NWs are studied in detailed. With the higher surface-to-volume ratio and much more Sb-O bonds on the surface, the thin NWs possess heavier surface states than thick NWs. As a result, the thin NW filed-effect-transistors (NWFETs) display worse electrical stability and more obvious synaptic behaviors. These impressive phenomena result from the surface states related carrier trapping and detrapping processes. By taking use of the thin and thick NWFETs together for neuromorphic image, the recognition accuracy can reach to 93.9 %, which is much higher than that of individual thin (92.1 %) or thick (84.4 %) NWFETs. This work offers new insight into the modulation of surface states for the coming neuromorphic computing by using the global NWFETs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100893,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Electronics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicomponent soft magnetic alloys for soft magnetic composites: A review","authors":"Min Nie ,&nbsp;Chunyun Jiang ,&nbsp;Yiting Yang ,&nbsp;Bang Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Chen ,&nbsp;Guangping Jia ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Li ,&nbsp;Chunlei Dai ,&nbsp;Jiayi He ,&nbsp;Hai Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft magnetic multicomponent alloys (MCAs) are emerging materials, including amorphous, nanocrystalline, and high-entropy alloys, exhibit not only excellent soft magnetic properties but also high service performances such as high temperature stability, high corrosion resistance and high mechanical properties. They are promising candidates for the key materials of the components for power devices with high power density and high energy conversion efficiency at high frequency. However, despite the attractive properties of bulk soft magnetic MCAs, the soft magnetic composites (SMCs) based on the MCAs have not exhibited significant advantage in comparison to those based on the traditional alloys, which limits their wide applications. With urgent requirement in developing high-performance power inductors, understanding the fundamental behavior and underlying physics of soft magnetic MCAs is very important. In this review, the current status of soft magnetic MCAs and the SMCs based on MCAs is summarized. Novel preparation processes different from the conventional ones are discussed. The relationship among the preparation, properties and microstructure of the MCAs are also emphasized. The current status and existing challenges for the fabrication of SMCs based on soft magnetic MCAs are critically discussed. The potential solutions such as novel powdering techniques, forming methods, magnetic-thermal coupling processes and insulation coating approaches are proposed for future development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100893,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Electronics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating ionic liquid research in perovskite solar cells through machine learning:Opportunities and challenges","authors":"Jiazheng Wang,&nbsp;Qiang Lou,&nbsp;Zhengjie Xu,&nbsp;Yufeng Jin,&nbsp;Guibo Luo,&nbsp;Hang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, there have been continuous and remarkable efforts from both academic and industry to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Among all the efforts, Ionic liquids (IL), a class of compounds with asymmetric organic cations and various anions, stand out as one of the most promising additives and interface modification layer for realizing high performance PSCs due to their unique physicochemical properties. Nonetheless, due to the variety of ionic liquids, searching an effective and optimum IL passivation materials for PSCs requires a huge amount of time and efforts in conventional trial-and-error experiments. In this context, machine learning (ML) offers powerful capabilities to handle complex, nonlinear problems, potentially accelerating the discovery and optimization of IL for PSCs applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current applications of IL in PSCs, and summarizes the opportunities and key challenges in combining ML methods for IL research in PSCs. With the proposed ML frameworks, it is expected that a more predictive ML piloted research process would accelerate the discovery and optimization of IL in PSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100893,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Electronics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing thermoelectric efficiency in Germanium-Based Janus monolayers: A theoretical perspective","authors":"Shivani Saini ,&nbsp;Anup Shrivastava ,&nbsp;Sanjai Singh ,&nbsp;Jost Adam","doi":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With rapid industrialization and increasing energy demand, thermoelectric materials emerge as key players in transforming waste heat into clean, renewable energy, offering a sustainable solution to the global energy crisis. Despite several serious attempts in the last few decades, the full potential of thermoelectric technology has not yet been exploited because of menial thermoelectric performances from conventional materials. This study uses a combination of quantum and semi-classical computational approaches to investigate the electronic and thermoelectric behavior of Germanium-based (Ge₂AB (A/B=S, Se, Te)) Janus monolayers. Due to the broken inversion symmetry (compared to the trivial transition metal dichalcogenides), the investigated monolayers comprise unique E-k dispersion and phonon transport characteristics. These characteristics significantly enhance the thermoelectric performance by promoting multi-valleys and staggered band effects in the E-k dispersion and coupling acoustic and optical phonons in the phonon spectra. Phonon dispersion analyses show non-imaginary frequencies, confirming the investigated monolayers’ structural and dynamic stability. The study focuses on critical thermoelectric parameters such as the Seebeck coefficient, electrical/thermal conductivity, thermo-power, and thermoelectric figure of merit for the proposed set of Janus monolayers. It reveals that these Janus monolayers exhibit ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity (due to the combined effect of softening of phonon modes and large-scattering due to heavier atoms) and high power factors (due to the large number of charge carriers available for the transport in the multi-valleys present near the Fermi level). The calculated results estimate the highest thermoelectric figure of merit (up to 3.52) and significantly low-lattice thermal conductivity 0.03<!--> <!-->W<!--> <!-->m⁻¹ <!-->K⁻¹ for Janus monolayer Ge₂SeTe. The significant findings demonstrate the potential of Ge₂AB (A/B=S, Se, Te) monolayers in highly efficient energy harvesting technologies. They emphasize their potential in next-generation thermoelectric devices, which significantly affect energy conversion technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100893,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Electronics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porous semiconductor-based transistors and their applications","authors":"Yimin Sun ,&nbsp;Ting Wang ,&nbsp;Jiali Luo ,&nbsp;Jianhua Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Junqiao Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtelec.2025.100151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Incorporation of porous semiconductors into transistors is a crucial area of research and innovation as it offers a unique opportunity to enhance device performance through precise control of material characteristics at the nanoscale. Moreover, it introduces the potential for the realization of next-generation electronics with higher efficiency, flexibility, and functionality. In this review, we first introduce typical dense channel materials employed in transistors and highlight the advantages of utilizing porous semiconductors. Subsequently, recent advances in various types of porous semiconductors, including nanoporous, microporous, and nanomesh materials used in transistor channels, are summarized. By systematically analyzing the structure-property-application relationships of these materials, we provide a forward-looking perspective on both opportunities and challenges in the field. The review establishes a comprehensive foundation and perspective for advancing transistor technology and broadening its potential across diverse electronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100893,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Electronics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}