Recent advancements and challenges in highly stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention because of their outstanding photoelectric conversion efficiency, simple fabrication process, and long exciton diffusion lengths. In particular, the power conversion efficiency of single-junction PSCs is 26.1%, whereas that of multi-junction silicon/perovskite tandem solar cells reaches an impressive 33.9%, indicating good prospects for the solar cell market. However, traditional organic–inorganic PSCs are highly sensitive to moisture, light, and heat, which negatively affect their stability and thereby commercialization. Nowadays, all-inorganic perovskites are attracting considerable attention for application in solar cells because of their potential to attain high resistance to environmental factors. All-inorganic perovskites have been considered an alternative to organic–inorganic perovskites because of their advantages over organic–inorganic perovskites, such as the capability to stabilize the photoactive phase, long-term thermal stability, and the possibility of tailoring the bandgap structure. Herein, we perform a detailed meta-analysis of materials and approaches used for the preparation of all-inorganic perovskite thin films and discuss recent advancements in key performance parameters such as efficiency, stability, and electrical and optoelectronic properties. Finally, we outline directions for future studies.