INCOSE International Symposium最新文献

{"title":"Scar Tissue in a Sophomore Course: SE Experience Acceleration in a Safe Environment","authors":"Alejandro Salado,&nbsp;David Herring","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iis2.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents an innovative educational approach used in a sophomore systems engineering course, where LEGO Mindstorms robots are integrated to accelerate the understanding of complex systems engineering concepts. While hands-on learning tools like LEGO Mindstorms are often used in engineering education, our approach uniquely emphasizes the unpredictability and complexity inherent in real-world systems engineering. Rather than focusing solely on technology or project completion, we incorporate controlled disruptions during exercises, such as modifying project requirements, changing team compositions, or removing key components from the kits. These disruptions simulate dynamic environments, requiring students to adapt, manage resource limitations, and navigate evolving constraints. This approach bridges the gap between theory and practice, allowing students to rapidly prototype, test, and observe the impacts of their engineering decisions in real time. This paper describes in detail the instructional approach and presents the different experiences that mimic real-life projects that emerge during the learning activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"310-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MBPLE Adoption in the European Aviation, Defense and Automotive Industries.","authors":"Marco Forlingieri,&nbsp;Daví Henrique de Sousa Pinto,&nbsp;Dieter Wagner,&nbsp;Tim Weilkiens,&nbsp;Jaber Nikpouri,&nbsp;Claudia Agostinelli","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70084","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iis2.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper focuses on the adoption of Model-Based Product Line Engineering (MBPLE) across three European industries, showcasing its potential to address system's complexity and variability. MBPLE, as combination of feature based PLE and Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), leverages standards like ISO/IEC 26580 to enable machine-readable models for managing variants and supporting the digital thread across multiple domain-specific assets. The work highlights a common pattern in MBPLE adoption, from initial motivations to practical implementations, in terms of process, methods, information model, toolchain and organization, while noting differences driven by industry-specific contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"104-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Concept of Operations in Prefabrication Processes for Effective Construction Projects: A Case Study on Plumbing Systems","authors":"Karl Martins Obote,&nbsp;Gerrit Muller,&nbsp;Satyanarayana Kokkula,&nbsp;Tobias Fredrik Lynghaug","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iis2.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines how a Concept of Operations model integrated into a prefabrication process addresses the challenges of project cost and delivery time in plumbing operations from a technical contractor's perspective. First, we analyzed the process flow to identify the pain points faced in the plumbing process and developed an As-Is Concept of operation model. We identified the factors affecting prefabrication of cost, labor, time, and logistics as provided by state-of-the-art. Second, we mapped out the workflow and proposed an improved model that addresses the challenges, with findings showing improvements in both time and cost savings for projects. Finally, we supported the findings with a cost model and evaluated the proposed Concept of the operations model with industry experts. These experts foresee the proposed model as a good recommendation for rethinking the process and setting up a streamlined prefabrication line. With the proposed model, we made an estimation for a selected building site, which revealed time saving of 1911 hours translating to 573 KNOK. To verify our results, we suggest additional testing before proceeding with full-scale implementation on a construction project.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"276-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Language Model-based Generation of Use Case Diagrams from Requirement Specifications","authors":"Simon Schleifer,&nbsp;Adriana Lungu,&nbsp;Benjamin Kruse,&nbsp;Stefan Goetz,&nbsp;Sandro Wartzack","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70015","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iis2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Model-based formalization of natural language requirements is a promising approach to cope with the ever-increasing complexity of technical systems and the resulting increase in requirements. Use case diagrams typically are the first step towards model-based requirements in terms of Model-Based Systems Engineering. As manual modeling is perceived as time-consuming for large requirements specifications, there is a need for modeling assistance with artificial intelligence. To allow for an industrial application, certain demands must be met. This comprises working with multiple requirements per use case as well as dealing with inhomogeneous natural language requirements. Recent advances in the field of Large Language Models open new possibilities to support the manual modeling task. Therefore, this contribution proposes a comprehensive method based on two sequential prompting pipelines, namely intra-use case and inter-use case pipeline. Both utilize advanced prompting techniques like one-shot prompting to improve the quality of the results. Semi-structured expert interviews were conducted to assess the quality of the resulting use case diagrams. This revealed a general applicability and semantic integrity of the results especially with consideration of the industrial application scenario. Thus, the method can effectively support the creation of use case diagrams and contributes to a clear model basis for subsequent behavior modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"261-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Product Development shared management by Systems Engineers and Project Managers","authors":"Carlos Coelho CSEP,&nbsp;José Costa ASEP","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70081","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iis2.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of a complex system is managed by Systems Engineering (SE) and Project Management (PM) practitioners. An integrated team is essential to take advantage of both disciplines and develop the product efficiently. This paper summarizes several models collected from literature and organizations that list SE and PM responsibilities and the overlap between the areas in which responsibilities are shared. The purpose is to analyze the processes classified by most of the models as shared responsibility in a matrix to propose levels of involvement of each specialist in these processes. The result is a beginning to document the processes and to establish roles and responsibilities in the development of a product and in which processes SE and PM should interact to properly manage the activities in the shared space.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"152-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome-Driven Governance: An Approach to the Use of Standards on Complex System-Product Development Projects","authors":"Derek W. Wade,&nbsp;John Metcalf","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Not all complexities are equal: Complex system-product development <i>projects</i> are more complex than the complex <i>system-products</i> they are developing. This is due to the interaction of the social and technical elements of the project's enabling system along with those of the system-product under development. Standards are often applied in an approach that obscures the risk of the project's total complexity by overemphasizing governance of the development work activities. While effective for many projects, the application of standards to a complex project using an “activity-driven” approach can result in increased waste. Excessive up-front documentation, unnecessary revision, project delays, project inflation, or other disruptions of the project's purpose are all possible forms of waste. We propose an “outcome-driven” approach that addresses the total complexity of a complex project; where project outcomes drive the application of standards by comparing the evolving state of the project's work products vs. the desired outcomes. We define key characteristics of activity-driven and outcome-driven project approaches; the effect on project inputs, processes, and outputs; identify key differences between activity-driven and outcome-driven project approaches; and disambiguate relevant supporting terms within their sources from their respective standards bodies. We present examples of both activity-driven and outcome-driven approaches in illustrative scenarios for development of a simple hardware system-product item, a complicated software system-product item, and a complex software-intensive system-product item.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"1043-1067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI OUTPERFORMS 43 SE GRADUATES IN CREATING CAUSAL LOOP DIAGRAMS OF JANIS GROUPTHINK PHENOMENON","authors":"Kirk Reinholtz,&nbsp;Kamran Eftekhari Shahroudi","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We explore the capacity of transformer-based LLMs augmented on the service side with math tools, web-based search, and internal and/or interactive “chat” scaffolding (AugLLM) to generate and analyze Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs) from unstructured natural text. Using ChatGPT—an augmented reflective generative pre-trained transformer—we address a graduate test question on groupthink, a social theory of group decision-making as written by Janis (1982), for which we have 43 student responses. We prompted the model in three distinct roles: “over-achieving student,” “mid-B student,” and “polymath.” Each role elicited varying levels of causal abstraction, with the initial output unconstrained in format to ensure maximum computational resources are allocated to CLD elucidation. The responses were internalized into Annotated Directed Graphs for analysis.</p><p>We compare the AI-generated CLDs against 43 human-produced diagrams and a reference model using Borda aggregation of loop counts. Our findings indicate that the AugLLM adjusts its performance to match the role prompt, producing near-expert-level diagrams in the over-achiever mode and more measured outputs in the mid-B mode, while the polymath mode yields the most comprehensive diagrams, far exceeding the prompt's minimum requirements. The AugLLM in the role of quiz taker had no access to student-generated artifacts. This remarkable outcome was made possible by a novel compositional Pipeline Algebra (PA) to manage a multi-stage process described in this paper.</p><p>The PA orchestrates chat-based prompt engineering, structured output generation, and higher-order operations. It is a reproducible framework for expressing and automating complex chat-based workflows. This work demonstrates the potential of advanced LLMs for scalable detection and extraction of Causal Loop Diagrams from unstructured text. More simply stated, we are integrating math and AI to augment Systems Thinking.</p><p>This work demonstrates the potential of advanced LLMs for scalable causal analysis of unstructured text, while our pipeline algebra provides a reproducible framework to express and automate complex, chat-based workflows.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"1271-1288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complexity in the Context of Systems Engineering","authors":"Rudolph Oosthuizen,&nbsp;Kenneth Cureton,&nbsp;Dean Beale,&nbsp;Dorothy McKinney,&nbsp;Andrew C Pickard,&nbsp;Eileen Arnold","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper analyses research papers from INCOSE's journal articles and international symposium proceedings to understand how system complexity has been addressed in systems engineering. Using natural language processing (NLP) and topic modeling, relevant articles were categorized based on their research focus. Those associated with the topic of complexity were extracted and filtered to a refined set that aligns with the objective of this paper. The bibliographic analysis identified prominent authors on the topic of system complexity. Further analysis extracted definitions of complexity, tools, methodologies, and evolving definitions of complexity. The main themes identified in the complexity definitions include emergent behavior, non-linear interactions, and adaptation. Key tools for managing complexity in systems engineering include Design Structure Matrices, System Dynamics, and Model-Based Systems Engineering. The analysis identified the challenges of traditional systems engineering methods in handling complexity, noting a shift towards holistic, adaptive approaches that consider technical, social, and contextual factors. This evolving perspective emphasizes stakeholder diversity, self-organization, and system adaptability, advocating for comprehensive, context-sensitive strategies in complex systems management.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"1005-1022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MilliSwarm: Leveraging Emergence for Energy Efficient Robotic Swarm Movement","authors":"James Hand,&nbsp;Bryan Watson","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>INCOSE Systems Vision 2035 outlines the need for greater understanding of both complex system dynamics and efficient systems. Energy efficiency and coordination in multi-agent systems is a key focal point of current research. Finding solutions to group movement that balance energy savings and group cohesion provide unique benefits to the system. While current approaches focus on improving the efficiency of individual swarm members (a reductionist approach), we approach this challenge through using biologically inspired design to harness emergence. Thus, the hypothesis examine is: “<i>If rolling swarm inspired movement is applied to ground swarms encountering obstacles, then the system's overall energy efficiency will improve because cooperation in both climbing and moving reduces the energy required to operate in these environments.</i>” In this article a method for moving groups of agents together as a team is presented, inspired by the behaviors of millipede swarms. The individual agents represent robots that are abstracted into uniform sliding blocks. Using simple behaviors based on individual knowledge, rather than global information sharing, we present a new efficient way to travel in groups. Data shows up to a 96% decrease in energy spent in certain scenarios for systems using the proposed MilliSwarm movement design. Additionally, this algorithm proves to be increasingly efficient at larger swarm sizes, while not requiring additional computing resources for coordination. Future work in this project will work on applying these functions to 3D environments, real-world case studies, and additional non-physical system implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"1376-1391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Healthcare Delivery through Systems of Systems Governance: A Multi-Layered Governance Framework","authors":"Mohamed Mogahed,&nbsp;Mo Mansouri Ph.D.","doi":"10.1002/iis2.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Healthcare systems face increasing challenges such as fragmented care delivery, operational inefficiencies, and escalating costs, highlighting the critical need for systems engineering approaches to reform and optimize healthcare delivery. The potential of systems engineering to address these challenges has garnered significant interest due to its ability to manage complexity and enhance performance in multifaceted environments through holistic frameworks and process optimization. This paper presents an enhanced governance framework for healthcare delivery systems, building upon previous research that examines healthcare through a System of Systems (SoS) lens. Based on findings from systematic analysis of 45 studies encompassing 37 governance frameworks, this research proposes a scalable approach that recognizes healthcare as a multi-layered SoS requiring tailored governance mechanisms at each level. The framework introducing a refined three-tiered governance structure comprising meta-governance (government), governing system (Department of Health and Human Services), and governed system (healthcare delivery system). The study demonstrates how the Department of Health and Human Services' various agencies can effectively serve governance functions across different healthcare system strata, providing a comprehensive structure for addressing the complexity and fragmentation in modern healthcare delivery. This approach enables healthcare systems to maintain operational autonomy while ensuring alignment with overarching system goals and values.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"1392-1405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}