INCOSE International Symposium最新文献

{"title":"IT/OT Integration by Design","authors":"Georg Schäfer,&nbsp;Hannes Waclawek,&nbsp;Sarah Riedmann,&nbsp;Christoph Binder,&nbsp;Christian Neureiter,&nbsp;Stefan Huber","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13150","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The four Industry 4.0 design principles information transparency, technical assistance, interconnection and decentralized decisions pose challenges in integrating Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) solutions in industrial systems. These different solutions have conflicting requirements, making interfaces between them problematic for both systems and organizations. An Industrial Business Process Twin (IBPT) entity, acting as an intermediary between the realms of IT and OT, has been proposed in a previous work, to effectively reduce the amount of required IT/OT interfaces in an attempt of overcoming this situation. In this work, we investigate the effects of this approach during the design phase. We argue that, by eliminating potentially conflicting direct interfaces between IT and OT stakeholders within the organizational structure, this approach effectively eliminates conflicting communication channels within the system design. To verify our argument, we develop a model of our IBPT concept according to the Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI4.0) using an Industry 4.0 scenario addressing the four essential Industry 4.0 design principles. Results show that the IBPT approach indeed eliminates potentially conflicting IT/OT interfaces during the system design phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"337-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Model for Cybersecurity Education through Challenge Events","authors":"Dr. Jeremy Daily,&nbsp;Martin (Trae) Span","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The INCOSE Vision 2035 sets an important Cybersecurity goal: “Cybersecurity will be as foundational a perspective in systems design as system performance and safety are today”. A critical enabler of achieving this vision is educating cyber informed engineers and professionals. Across industries, the demand for talented cybersecurity professionals is high, which means the personnel and students need inspirational education and training to fill these opportunities. This is particularly the case for complex systems in transportation, maritime, agriculture, aerospace, energy, and industries that rely on operational technology implemented with embedded systems. This broad category of sectors need talent and community to address cybersecurity concerns. Often these economic sectors have systems with long lifecycles, regulations, market forces, or other constraints that preclude security solutions envisioned for information technologies. To address the needs for cybersecurity personnel for these industries, a model for developing talent and building community is explained in general terms with specific examples as it relates to automotive, heavy duty, maritime, and agriculture. The model describes the CyberX Challenge, where X is an industry sector, such as the CyberAuto Challenge, CyberTruck Challenge, CyberBoat Challenge, and CyberTractor Challenge. These Challenge Events are described in detail with a focus on the characteristics of what makes those successful or difficult. The successful events have strong industry support, elite instructors, and motivated students. The model for the event is described in detail, with the intention that other industry verticals may inspire additional students and further build communities able to address cyberthreats to our modern way of life. This work directly contributes solutions to addressing the needed foundational concept of Security Education and Competency development as highlighted by the INCOSE FuSE working group.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"944-957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Assessment Method for System-of-Systems Operations — A Case Study of Wildfire Fighting","authors":"Rosanna Zimdahl,&nbsp;Ludvig Knöös Franzén","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13153","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A SoS is a set of collaborating systems that act towards a common achievement. Risk assessment is important in the early stages of SoS operational development, both for mission objectives and to enable technology which is developed responsibly. The method considers risks that stems from both internal and external interactions which leads to losses for different kind of actors. The method has been applied to a fictional case study of wildfire fighting. The internal interactions are mostly communication between the CSs while external interactions represent dependencies of other systems as well as impacts on other systems. The outcome of the methodology is a network of connected hazards to be used for risk management and for high level SoS requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"387-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOWARDS A SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ONTOLOGY STACK","authors":"Joe Gregory,&nbsp;Alejandro Salado","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13210","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Semantic Web Technologies (SWTs) provide an approach to the structuring and understanding of data. SWTs utilize ontologies, reasoners, and query languages to structure existing knowledge, validate knowledge, and infer new knowledge. Ontologies in particular play a central role in enabling reusability and interoperability between domains. A common way to organize ontologies and their dependencies is in a layered ontology stack. These layers often incorporate top-level, core and domain ontologies. Libraries of standard instances can also be used. Federating the conceptualization of a domain across upper- and lower-level ontologies improves the reusability of higher-level terminology in other domains, and therefore improves interoperability between them. The University of Arizona Ontology Stack (UAOS) is a layered, modular ontology stack that has been developed to support digital engineering activities at the University of Arizona. It is based on the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), and currently comprises five core ontologies and 12 domain ontologies. The UAOS reuses existing ontologies and standards wherever possible. The core ontologies, for example, are based on the Common Core Ontologies, developed at CUBRC, and the Provenance Notation (PROV-N), a W3C standard. Domain ontologies include the System Architecture Ontology, based on ISO 42010, and the Orbits and Trajectories Ontology, based on CUBRC's Space Object Ontology. In this paper, we report on the development of the UAOS, present examples of how it has been used to support digital engineering research, discuss the challenges of integrating ontologies from multiple sources into a cohesive stack, and highlight topics of interest for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"1304-1318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SoS - Global Solutions to Global Problems Using UAF","authors":"Kristina Carroll,&nbsp;Allison Lyle,&nbsp;Rae Lewark,&nbsp;Casey Medina,&nbsp;Aurelijus Morkevičius","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13277","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper applies Unified Architecture Framework (UAF) to a case study which defines the global copper market as an enterprise comprising a diverse set of stakeholders and independently operating businesses and industries, with the goal to understand how they might evaluate, execute, or modify their behaviors in response to the diminishing global copper supply. Specifically, we sought to determine if the framework viewpoints, modeling language, and workflow guidance provided in the UAF specification could support the analysis. In a true System of Systems (SoS), the solution (or any improvement) relies on the cooperation of a multitude of independent and unrelated businesses and industries. Several viewpoints of UAF were evaluated to model the SoS, which reveal how certain entities may be motivated to implement solutions, and how those decisions may impact others within the SoS. We also provide observations from the analysis which may serve to improve the utility of UAF in other applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"2400-2412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving Roles in Systems Engineering —- Insights from Germany's Mechanical and Plant Engineering Sector","authors":"Lydia Kaiser,&nbsp;Daria Wilke,&nbsp;Felix Förster,&nbsp;Ingmarie Köhler,&nbsp;Roman Dumitrescu","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13216","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Systems Engineering is developing differently in each sector and region. In German industry, especially in mechanical and plant engineering, Systems Engineering is of major importance. The introduction of Systems Engineering raises the question of which roles and competencies are required. This article examines the evolution of roles in Systems Engineering from a German perspective. Based on a literature review, the evolution of the identified Systems Engineering roles over time is shown, starting with the seminal publication by Sheard in 1996. It points out that only minimal adjustments and occasional role renaming have occurred. However, the review shows a common understanding of essential areas of responsibility within the SE and changes over time. The next step is to examine the current understanding of Systems Engineering roles in the industry. A quantitative analysis of job postings in Germany reveals a diverse interpretation of the term 'Systems Engineer; more than half of the positions cannot be categorized according to the INCOSE definitions. The job postings are used to determine which tasks are associated with the job, how often they occur, and in what combination. The primary responsibilities of systems engineers include creating and managing requirements, architecture processes, validation, and verification processes, and coordinating with customers and stakeholders. Finally, three representative companies from the mechanical and plant engineering sector were selected to analyze existing roles and tasks. From this, a common understanding of tasks and responsibilities is combined and organized into clusters. These are used by the companies to locate and thus derive their roles. The result is in an integrative approach that enables companies, especially in the midsize and medium sectors, to design the introduction in line with stakeholder demands. In summary, the industry's ongoing adaptation necessitates the evolution of Systems Engineering roles and competencies for successful and sustainable development and implementation of systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"1413-1428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling swarm mission with COTS characterization: a series of return on experience","authors":"Lorraine Brisacier-Porchon,&nbsp;Omar Hammami","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>System design in defense systems is a competitive field, in which economical viability relies on a sequence of architectural decisions, aiming at quality, resource and time (Q,R,T) compromises. We observe that low-cost unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) and drones appear as new threats on current battlefield. To face these new threats, Direction Générale de l'Armement (DGA) have organized challenges around robotization of battlefield, to design future employment doctrines and help technologies to reach maturity in a reasonable time. This article exposes a NATO Architecture Framework (NAF) 3.1-based workflow that includes return of experience form the field over yearly iterations of such challenges. The capabilities depicted are requirements to match, constituent systems are based on Components-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) answering to both edition of the challenge. This article details how manually re-injecting feedback from field back to the system model failed to ensure the next iterations of the challenge. Our works propose conclusions on formulation of the “engineering leakage problem” and how resolution of this problem is NP-Hard and should be addressed using optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"321-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LEVERAGING MISSION SOLUTION CONFIGURATION THROUGH MBSE AND TRADESPACE EXPLORATION","authors":"Mohamed Eldesouky,&nbsp;Marcus Vinicius Pereira Pessoa,&nbsp;Vlad Stefanovici","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13254","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thales is a worldwide leader in innovative radar and mission solution systems used by naval ships. As the demand for personalized products increased through time, Thales shifted from a project-oriented to a product-oriented approach. This shift aims to capitalize on variants, minimize customization, and streamline operations. In this context, Thales established a mission solution configuration process (SCP) to facilitate the selection of product variants to compose a system during the bidding phase. However, the current SCP has limitations, constraining exploration and integration with engineering processes and system data. Consequently, the proposed systems sometimes fall short of the most optimal solution the client could get. Therefore, the objective of this work is to develop and validate an improved mission solution configuration process to streamline the creation and selection of product variants at Thales, particularly during the bidding phase, to better meet client needs and operational requirements. This method integrates Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and Tradespace Exploration (TSE), utilizing ARCADIA as the methodology and Capella as the tool. A descriptive model is generated for analytical purposes within TSE, employing Multi-Attribute-Utility-Theory (MAUT) and Pareto-Optimization for evaluating and selecting optimal mission solution variants. Validation was conducted through a Coast Guard mission case study involving 125 solution variants, revealing Pareto-optimal solutions balancing performance and cost. This method enhances the current configuration process by aligning client and operational needs with Thales's sales and product teams, ensuring accurate interpretation of requirements and minimizing information inconsistencies. The case study results identify technological gaps in variant designs, guiding research and development efforts towards subsystems or components with significant impact on system performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"2028-2047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method for Human Systems Integration Requirements within Model Based Systems Engineering","authors":"Kenneth Corl,&nbsp;Erika Gallegos PhD","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13237","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Department of Defense (DoD) employs broad human factors requirements across various applications, resulting in a universal application of the same standards to a multitude of DoD acquisition systems. In unconventional warfare, specifically within missions conducted by US Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), operators face intensified workloads and domain-specific challenges that current human factors considerations do not adequately address. The objective of this paper aims to introduce a novel framework, the Relational and Technological Capstone (RTC), designed to expand existing Human Systems Integration (HSI) requirements. The objective is to enhance the consideration of human factors in USSOCOM missions by addressing the unique challenges posed by intensified workloads and domain-specific ontologies. The RTC employs a methodology-driven approach utilizing both architectural and parametric diagrams. It integrates with Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) to improve the design of human-system interactions, incorporating a Special Operations Task List and Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs) into aggregated parametrics. The results of this paper demonstrate the efficacy of RTC within MBSE, showcasing its value through improved design processes and as a foundation for new programs. The containment tree format aids in developing USSOCOM MBSE and opens possibilities for automation tools. Continual use of RTC contributes to the maturity of MBSE models and diagrams, fostering the evolution of a federation-of-models and Program of Record standards. This not only benefits subsequent SOCOM programs and projects but also facilitates cross-cooperation with other nations in optimizing special operation acquisitions. The ultimate goal is to center the RTC around the operator, ensuring compatibility and optimization across cooperative nations' special operation acquisitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"1787-1806"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing an Integrated Mission Simulation to Evaluate Technology Impact on Military Scenarios","authors":"Tara Sarathi,&nbsp;Chad Council,&nbsp;Edward Londner,&nbsp;Michael Shatz","doi":"10.1002/iis2.13148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past decade, technology has experienced a rapid and widespread evolution, resulting in new capabilities across the defense sector. While these capabilities often bring about beneficial changes, they can also beget unforeseen consequences. As a result, it is becoming increasingly important for the military to understand how this changing technological landscape can impact its missions. To address this issue, we have developed an Integrated Mission Simulation (IMS) to assess the potential impact that different technologies may have on a given mission. The Integrated Mission Simulation combines a mission context model with several technology performance models, which enables users to assess the results of different ‘what-if’ scenarios on key performance parameters for a given mission. To illustrate its utility, we present two publicly available scenarios and simulate how known technological advances could have altered the outcomes of those scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":100663,"journal":{"name":"INCOSE International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"305-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}