Aditya Rao;Eric Bogatin;Melinda Piket-May;Mohammed F. Hadi
{"title":"Non-TEM Dispersion in Microstrip Structures at High Data Rates","authors":"Aditya Rao;Eric Bogatin;Melinda Piket-May;Mohammed F. Hadi","doi":"10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3493817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3493817","url":null,"abstract":"This article details the impact of non-TEM propagation on a microstrip structure's crosstalk, impedance, and effective dielectric constant. A new onset frequency is defined to quantify where non-TEM dispersion is significant in microstrip transmission lines for high-speed digital applications. The impact of non-TEM dispersion on eye diagrams for digital signals is explored, showing a significant impact from non-TEM dispersion. Using this analysis, guidelines have been defined for when a full-wave simulator must be utilized to simulate a microstrip structure and when a quasi-static simulator provides accurate results at a given data rate.","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"3 ","pages":"178-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142691745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jack Juang;Ling Zhang;Haran Manoharan;Francesco De Paulis;Chulsoon Hwang
{"title":"Augmented Genetic Algorithm for Decoupling Capacitor Optimization in Power Distribution Network Design Through Improved Population Generation","authors":"Jack Juang;Ling Zhang;Haran Manoharan;Francesco De Paulis;Chulsoon Hwang","doi":"10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3490512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3490512","url":null,"abstract":"In power distribution network designs, a large number of decoupling capacitors (decaps) may be needed to satisfy target impedance limits. Many algorithms have been proposed and implemented for finding the optimal decap placement, including genetic algorithms (GA), and machine learning methods. In this work, an improved GA is proposed for finding the decap placement pattern that can satisfy a target impedance using the minimum number of decaps. The distribution of capacitors expected to appear in the global minimum solution is first predicted by determining how effective each decap type is toward satisfying certain critical impedance points. This estimation is used to inform the generation of initial solutions in order to put the initial search space nearer the global minimum and ensure certain solution characteristics appear. GA search using this improved population generation is found to be an improvement over a Canonical GA implementation, by finding solutions where the latter could not, or finding a solution using fewer decaps.","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"3 ","pages":"186-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142736361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chaofeng Li;Xiao-Ding Cai;Manish K. Mathew;Junyong Park;Mehdi Mousavi;Shameem Ahmed;Bidyut Sen;DongHyun Kim
{"title":"Effective High-Speed via Model Considering Equivalent High-Order-Mode Inductance","authors":"Chaofeng Li;Xiao-Ding Cai;Manish K. Mathew;Junyong Park;Mehdi Mousavi;Shameem Ahmed;Bidyut Sen;DongHyun Kim","doi":"10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3487539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3487539","url":null,"abstract":"A high-speed via model considering equivalent high-order-mode inductance for frequencies above 70 GHz is proposed in this article. The proposed via model, which considers the equivalent high-order-mode inductance, is a high-accuracy and high-bandwidth via model, improved from the previously proposed mode-decomposition-based equivalent via (MEV) model. The equivalent high-order-mode inductance is an inductance produced by the magnetic fields of high-order modes in the via domain. By including the empirical equivalent high-order-mode inductance, the proposed via model accurately predicts the insertion and return losses of the via with a large antipad size up to the frequency of 150 GHz, which expands the application range of the previously proposed MEV model. In this article, the limitation of the previously proposed MEV model is analyzed by comparing the input impedance extracted from the MEV model and the full-wave simulation. An empirical closed-form formula is proposed to calculate the equivalent high-order-mode inductance at high frequencies to improve the accuracy of the previously proposed model. In addition, the proposed single high-speed via model was expanded to a differential via pair model. The proposed high-speed via model was verified using simulation and measurement results.","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"3 ","pages":"169-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142671987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimized Signal and Power Integrity of Silicon Interposer for HBM2E in CoWoS Packaging","authors":"Kuei-Ju Lin;Chien-Min Lin;Ruey-Beei Wu","doi":"10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3487547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3487547","url":null,"abstract":"As high-speed digital systems require faster transmission and computing speed, the impact of complex interconnects in a limited space on the electrical performance of the channel-link system becomes more and more serious. This article aims to optimize the interconnection links between the enhanced second-generation high-bandwidth memory modules and systems on chip (CPU or GPU) for achieving the optimized signal and power integrity. Since the signal lines are susceptible to crosstalk, an improved diagonal-staggering wiring scheme is proposed to reduce the coupling coefficient between the signal lines by at least five times. The contour map for the mismatched systems with the peak distortion analysis is then applied to quickly find the optimal impedance design of lines for the best eye diagram. At a data rate of 6.4 Gb/s with a rise time of 15 ps, the eye height is optimized to be 4.6 times that in the original layout. Finally, the power supply and grounds are interleaved to increase the capacitance and alleviate the power noise through the power delivery network (PDN) in the construction of the four-element voltage regulator module along with the on-chip capacitor and the specific power–ground layers. Modifying the layout scheme in the PDN with reasonable decoupling capacitance can lead to an additional 1.4 times improvement in the eye height over the original design.","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"3 ","pages":"159-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual-Stripline Configuration for High-Density Routing in Chiplet Interconnects","authors":"Shekar Geedimatla;Jayaprakash Balachandran;Midhun Vysakham;Srinivas Venkataraman;Shalabh Gupta","doi":"10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3471470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3471470","url":null,"abstract":"Routing density is becoming in big challenge in die-to-die interconnects. In this article, we propose use of the dual-stripline configuration for routing signals in high-density interconnects. The scheme can improve the routing density by up to 33% when compared with the conventionally used stripline configuration. To address the challenges of crosstalk due to the proximity between vertically adjacent signal lines, half-pitch offset between lines on vertically adjacent layers has been proposed. The proposed routing scheme has been validated using 3-D full-wave electromagnetic simulations. The simulations show that the scheme can be used for increasing the routing density in the bunch-of-wires interface by 25%, while meeting all the bunch-of-wires channel specifications, which include eye-opening value above 68% unit interval at a bit error rate of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$10^{-15}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, with data rates of 16 Gbps per wire.","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"3 ","pages":"151-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingfeng Ding;Mu-Shui Zhang;Yufang Xu;Haopeng Feng;Zixin Wang
{"title":"Ultrawideband Power-Noise Suppression Based on Lossy Capacitors With Low-Frequency Stopband Enhancement for Digital Systems","authors":"Yingfeng Ding;Mu-Shui Zhang;Yufang Xu;Haopeng Feng;Zixin Wang","doi":"10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3442986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3442986","url":null,"abstract":"For most board-level digital systems, the power-noise interference covers a wide frequency range from near dc to several GHz. Current power-noise suppression methods can only selectively suppress low-frequency or high-frequency band-limited power noise. In this article, a novel plane pair embedded with lossy capacitors, each of which is formed by a conventional capacitor in series with a large resistor, is developed for ultrawideband power-noise suppression in high-speed digital systems, ranging from 10 kHz to several GHz. The noise suppression mechanism of the proposed structure is keeping the quality factor (\u0000<italic>Q</i>\u0000-factor) of a plane pair to a very low level, say \u0000<italic>Q</i>\u0000<4,>Q</i>\u0000-factor of a unit cell of the plane pair and adjusted by changing the physical parameters, such as series resistance, dielectric thickness, and period. The measured results show that the proposed plane pair embedded with lossy capacitors can achieve ultrawide −30-dB stopband, from 10 kHz to above 5 GHz.","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"3 ","pages":"126-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junho Joo;Daniel L. Commerou;Hayden Huang;Chun-Yi Yeh;Jiaming Kang;Hank Lin;Bin-Chyi Tseng;Chulsoon Hwang
{"title":"Modeling of a Voltage Regulator Module for Power Integrity: Power Supply Induced Jitter","authors":"Junho Joo;Daniel L. Commerou;Hayden Huang;Chun-Yi Yeh;Jiaming Kang;Hank Lin;Bin-Chyi Tseng;Chulsoon Hwang","doi":"10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3416088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3416088","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes different methods for modeling a buck regulator among the variety of voltage regulator modules from the perspective of power integrity and assesses the accuracy of power supply induced jitter (PSIJ) predictions for each buck regulator model. To compare the buck regulator modeling approaches, methods for conventional passive component modeling and behavior modeling are introduced. Four different buck regulator models are compared with measurements in terms of time-domain voltage ripple and nonlinearity. Then, each model is applied to a simulation-based system-level PSIJ prediction setup to quantify the accuracy of the buck regulator models from the perspective of PSIJ. A printed circuit board with an inverter chain powered by an external buck regulator is selected as the device under test. In the presence of power supply fluctuations due to load current injection on the buck regulator, the time interval error of the inverter is measured. The measured peak-to-peak jitter is then reproduced by various simulation setups with the different buck regulator modeling methods. Finally, the PSIJ simulation accuracy is investigated for each buck regulator model.","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"3 ","pages":"110-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junyong Park;Chaofeng Li;Eddie Mok;Joe Dickson;Joan Tourné;Aritharan Thurairajaratnam;DongHyun Kim
{"title":"A Novel Vertical Conductive Structure for Printed Circuit Boards and its Scalable Model","authors":"Junyong Park;Chaofeng Li;Eddie Mok;Joe Dickson;Joan Tourné;Aritharan Thurairajaratnam;DongHyun Kim","doi":"10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3391210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3391210","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a new vertical conductive structure (VeCS) to replace the general via structure for signal connection on printed circuit boards (PCBs). Vias have been widely used as interconnects for in-between layers in PCBs. However, vias have limitations due to their discontinuous characteristic impedance. The VeCS consists of a conductive structure shielded vertically by a metal structure, which provides impedance control. Thus, the VeCS has the constant characteristic impedance that can get better signal integrity for the high-speed channel than the general via structure. This article also proposes a scalable 3-D electromagnetic simulation model of the VeCS for signal integrity analysis. Simulated annealing and linear regression revealed that the scalable model accurately represents the VeCS. The electrical performances of a VeCS and a via were compared up to 70 GHz. The measured insertion losses at 70 GHz for the VeCS and the via were 35 dB and 70 dB, respectively, because PCB vias exhibit significant reflection loss above 10 GHz. In conclusion, this article proposes a novel vertical interconnection for PCBs.","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"3 ","pages":"67-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bandpass NGD Analysis of PCB Folded Li-Shape Trace","authors":"Fayu Wan;Hongchuan Jia;Blaise Ravelo","doi":"10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3391212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3391212","url":null,"abstract":"An unfamiliar negative group delay (NGD) analysis of folded printed circuit board (PCB) trace constituted by coupled line (CL) is investigated. The PCB trace parameters are identified by defining the modified CL named li-topology, which behaves as a bandpass (BP) NGD function. The main specifications of the BP-NGD function from the S-parameter model are described. The theoretical equations of li-topology parameters are formulated. Then, proofs-of-concept (POC) of folded li-trace with different angles between “l” and “i” transmission line (TL) designed in microstrip technology are presented. Good agreement simulation and measurement results of folded li-POC enable conjecture on the variation of NGD value, NGD center frequency, reflection, and transmission coefficients are discussed. A new behavior characterized by the NGD effect is revealed in the function of the geometrical angle between the “l” and “i” TLs constituting the PCB trace POCs.","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"3 ","pages":"56-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140818755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Liu;Yuwei Luo;Zhifei Xu;Xiuqin Chu;Jun Wang;Kai-Da Xu
{"title":"Near-Field Coupling Analysis of Flexible Printed Circuit Boards","authors":"Yang Liu;Yuwei Luo;Zhifei Xu;Xiuqin Chu;Jun Wang;Kai-Da Xu","doi":"10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3406267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSIPI.2024.3406267","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible printed circuit boards (FPCB) can provide more circuit design solutions for the miniaturization of electronic devices due to their small size, lightweight, and flexibility for bending. However, RF interference from RF antennas or other radiation sources may lead to signal integrity issues in FPCB signal transmission with the increase in transmission rate. To address this issue, a method based on the reciprocity theorem is proposed for rapidly estimating the near-field coupling between two single-port devices on an FPCB under bending conditions. Three different cases for the FPCB, i.e., no bending, bending outside the victim transmission line (TL), and bending across the victim TL, are analyzed to characterize the near-field coupling by deriving the expressions of the scattering parameters. Moreover, the bending angle, rotating angle, bending position, and bending diameter of FPCB are further analyzed for their impact on coupling under bending conditions. The proposed method can be used to analyze various FPCB bending situations.","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"3 ","pages":"140-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}