Economía UNAM最新文献

{"title":"Alternativas de integración monetaria para Mercosur / Alternatives of monetary integration for Mercosur","authors":"A. J. Briceño, J. U. Mora","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.44.394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.44.394","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen Este articulo analiza las alternativas de integracion monetaria que tiene el Mercado Comun del Sur (MERCOSUR) como opcion para recuperar el dinamismo de la decada anterior. Para ello se analizaron los costos y beneficios de la implementacion de un regimen de tipo de cambio fijo con intencion irrevocable o un regimen de moneda unica, mediante la sustitucion de las monedas nacionales por una divisa de la region, fuera de esta o creada. A partir del nivel de correlacion de los paises del bloque con el pais emisor de la moneda comun se identifico el nivel de impacto de cada alternativa. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que la alternativa de crear e implementar una nueva moneda a nivel regional es una opcion deseable debido a la correlacion positiva en el crecimiento economico y en las tasas de depreciacion de las monedas de los paises del bloque, asi como por la posibilidad de crear una institucion comunitaria responsable de la politica monetaria comun con bajo sesgo inflacionario. Abstract This paper analyzes the alternatives of monetary integration forthe Common Market of the South (Mercosur) in order to recover the dynamics experienced during the previous decade. To this end, the costs and benefits of implementing a fixed exchange rate regime with an irrevocable intention or a single currency regime were analyzed by replacing national currencies with a currency fromthe region, from outside or created. From the level of correlation of the countries withinthe block with the country issuing the common currency, the level of impact of each alternative was identified. Empirical results reveal that the alternative of creating and implementing a new currency at a regional level is desirable, due to the positive correlation in terms of economic growth and depreciation rates of the currencies of the countries within the block, as well as the possibility of creating a community institution responsible for the common monetary policy with low inflationary bias, which will enhance the potency of economic convergence.","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"44 ","pages":"70-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91551704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ahorro público, un aletargado proceso de recuperación económica, los pagarés en el entorno bancario / Public savings, a lethargic economic recovery process, promissory notes in the banking environment","authors":"José Antonio García-Zambrano, Alexander Galicia-Palacios, María Ramos-Escamilla","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.44.395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.44.395","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen Los resultados de la presente investigacion permiten confirmar que independientemente de las estrategias de politica monetaria aplicadas en la economia, las tasas de interes suelen ser negativas en terminos reales para inversiones en pagares bancarios, lo anterior debe considerarse un proceso estructural mas que coyuntural al analizar su desempeno a lo largo de las tres ultimas decadas. El problema es relevante, porque tiene relacion con un amplio publico ahorrador, mismo que a pesar de los infimos niveles en las tasas de interes, mantiene inversiones cuantiosas considerando el total de la banca multiple, lo anterior en un entorno paralelo en donde las tasas activas para creditos al consumo resultan ser exponencialmente elevadas comparadas con las anteriores. Abstract The results of the present investigation allow us to confirm that, independently of the monetary policy strategies applied in the economy, interest rates tend to be negative in real terms for investments in bank promissory notes, this should be considered a structural process rather than conjunctural when analyzing its Performance over the last three decades. The problem is relevant, because it is related to a large public savings, which despite the very low levels of interest rates, maintains large investments considering the total of multiple banking, the above in a parallel environment where rates active for consumer loans turn out to be exponentially high compared to the previous ones.","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"9 1","pages":"89-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84416205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China en 2018-2022: el segundo quinquenio, comportamiento económico e influencia global / China in 2018-2022: the second quinquennium, economic behavior and global influence","authors":"J. Navarrete","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.44.392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.44.392","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen A la luz de los resultados del pasado congreso del Partido Comunista Chino (PCCh), se delineo el rumbo de la nacion hacia la cuspide de las economias nacionales en el tercer decenio del siglo bajo el liderazgo de Xi Jinping para el proximo lustro. El articulo situa la evolucion economica y social de la politica de China en el nuevo contexto global; asi mismo actualiza y desarrolla sus planteamientos y su posicion e influencia global para cubrir los vacios y ejercer el liderazgo que Estados Unidos pierde. Abstract In the light of the results of the last Congress of the ChineseCommunist Party (CCP), it highlighted the direction of thenation towards the cusp of national economies in the thirddecade of the century under the leadership of Xi Jinping to thenext five years. The article puts economic and social evolutionof China's policy in the new global context; the same updatesand develops their approaches and their position and globalinfluence to cover the gaps and exercise the leadership thatUnited States loses.","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"50 1","pages":"30-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89884503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energía solar en hogares y negocios pequeños: una propuesta","authors":"R. T. Flores","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.44.400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.44.400","url":null,"abstract":"L a legislación energética mexicana otorga la más alta prelación a la explotación de los hidrocarburos y a su empleo en la generación de electricidad. Esto contrasta con el deterioro secular de la oferta interna de esos energéticos observado en más de una década y con la consecuente explosiva dependencia del abasto externo de petrolíferos, gas natural, fertilizantes y productos petroquímicos, así como el debilitamiento de las exportaciones de crudo. No se advierten indicios razonables de que se modifiquen esas tendencias, al menos en los horizontes de corto y mediano plazos. La transición energética hacia las fuentes renovables está relegada a un segundo plano. El fomento de ellas se limita a colocarlas en competencia con otras fuentes, en un espacio circunscrito a lo que la legislación define como energía limpia. La definición se establece a base de parámetros y normas de eficiencia energética e hídrica, emisiones a la atmósfera y generación de residuos. Se establece la meta de que 35% de la electricidad se genere con fuentes limpias para 2024, sin diferenciar entre renovables, nuclear u otras. Es de presumir que tomará tiempo en el país construir la ineludible y necesaria estrategia de transición energética que concilie el menor uso de combustibles fósiles con objetivos nacionales de seguridad, igualdad y sustentabilidad. Se involucran acciones complejas que determinan el papel actual y futuro que deberán asumir, en la matriz energética, los hidrocarburos y las fuentes renovables, entre otras, con sus múltiples incidencias sociales y económicas. La propuesta que se formula en estas líneas muestra que mucho abonaría a la construcción de esa estrategia energética emprender acciones de Estado de fácil aceptación e instrumentación, con resultados tangibles e inmediatos, que sean de bajo costo, garantizado y recuperable. No se resuelven las interrogantes esenciales de la transición energética, pero se favorece con resultados la posibilidad de despejarlas. Energía solar en hogares y negocios pequeños: una propuesta","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"6 1","pages":"151-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87006233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"América del Norte después del TLCAN / North America after NAFTA","authors":"F. N. Urdanivia","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.44.393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.44.393","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen El presente trabajo aborda el proceso de renegociacion del Tratado de Libre Comercio de America del Norte (TLCAN), promovido por el actual gobierno de los Estados Unidos de America, a partir del deficit comercial que, en los intercambios que resultan de la operacion de este instrumento, ha experimentado la economia de ese pais. Se examina el propio deficit y las propuestas oficiales estadounidenses para mitigarlo. Se analizan las propuestas puntuales de reformar las reglas de origen, de establecer la clausula de caducidad del TLCAN, de proteccion laboral y homologacion salarial regional, de eliminar el capitulo XIX del mismo instrumento y se termina con un cuerpo de conclusiones relativas a los efectos predecibles de la terminacion del TLCAN. Abstract The present work deals with the process of renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), promoted by the current government of the United States of America, from the trade deficit that, in the exchanges that result from the operation of this instrument, has experienced the economy of that country. The deficit itself and the US official proposals to mitigate it are examined. It analyzes the specific proposals to reform the rules of origin, to establish the NAFTA expiration clause, labor protection and regional wage homologation, to eliminate Chapter XIX of the same instrument and to conclude with a body of conclusions regarding the predictable effects of the termination of NAFTA","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"27 1","pages":"54-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85180422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultura y alimentación en México. Evolución, desempeño y perspectivas de Cassio Luiselli","authors":"M. Flores","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.44.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.44.399","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"10 1","pages":"147-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88339871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pactos sociales y crisis / Social pacts and crisis","authors":"D. Ibarra","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.43.385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.43.385","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen La apertura de mercados, esto es, el avance de integracion de la economia mundial ha empobrecido a las democracias nacionales y a las capacidades de accion de los gobiernos. En particular, la competencia en los mercados internacionales sea en materia de trabajo, impuestos o distribucion de ingresos, ha afectado gravemente los alcances, la vigencia, de muchos pactos ordenadores de la vida social al interior de los paises. De la misma manera, los sistemas politicos aparecen frecuentemente debilitados por cuanto el orden economico internacional carece de normas que transnacionalicen funcionalmente los imperativos de la democracia. En sintesis, se vive una epoca que reclama la reconstruccion de los pactos sociales, la reconfiguracion de normas que enriquezcan modelos socio-politicos vigentes que ya incumplen la promesa de asegurar crecimiento y empleo, asi como abatir la desigualdad entre paises y entre segmentos de las sociedades nacionales. Solo de esa manera reconstructiva, poco a poco resultara viable rejuvenecer los sistemas democraticos y la legitimidad erosionada de muchos gobiernos. Abstract The opening of markets, that is, the progress of integration of the world economy has impoverished the national democracies and to the capacities of governments to take action. In particular, competition in international markets in the field of labor, taxes or income distribution, has seriously affected the scope, the currency, for many pacts computers of social life within countries. In the same way, the political systems are frequently weakened by the international economic order lacks legislation that transnacionalicen functionally the imperatives of democracy. The opening of markets, that is, the progress of integration of the world economy has impoverished the national democracies and to the capacities of governments to take action. In particular, competition in international markets in the field of labor, taxes or income distribution, has seriously affected the scope, the currency, for many pacts computers of social life within countries. In the same way, the political systems are frequently weakened by the international economic order lacks legislation that transnacionalicen functionally the imperatives of democracy","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83932676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"México, problemas y opciones / Mexico, problems and options","authors":"David Ibarra","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.44.390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.44.390","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen Se advierte que a escala global es necesario un reordenamiento general del actual  modelo, pues ya no cumple con la promesa de mejorar el bienestar de la poblacion. La crisis mundial y la desigualdad generalizada son ejemplos del desorden economico internacional que hace inevitable emprender la busqueda de alternativas. El cambio de orientacion de la politica estadounidense tiene repercusiones en paises como Mexico, porque pierde dinamismo en su comercio frente a la produccion mundial. Los desajustes en el intercambio entre los paises y la renegociacion del TLC, limitan los posibles beneficios de la estrategia exportadora mexicana; pues requiere diversificar el comercio y pactar acuerdos de inversion con otros paises para recobrar la capacidad de crecer y atender el bienestar de su poblacion. Tanto el Estado como el mercado deberan de ser complementarios para favorecer el avance democratico y ganar legitimidad en la reconstruccion de los pactos sociales que permitan emprender una profunda renovacion para recuperar los beneficios de una politica economica equitativa. Abstract It is noted that there is necessary a general reordering of the current economic model, since it no longer fulfils the promise of improving the welfare of the population. The global crisis and widespread inequality are examples of the international economic disorder that it makes inevitable to undertake the search of alternatives. The change in orientation of American policy has repercussions in countries such as Mexico, because it loses dynamism in its trade against world production. The misalignments in exchange between countries and the renegotiation of NAFTA limit the potential benefits of the Mexican export strategy since it requires diversifying trade and entering into investment agreements with other countries to regain the ability to grow and care for the well-being of its population. Both the State and the market should be complementary to promote democratic progress and gain legitimacy in the reconstruction of social pacts that allow to undertake a deep renewal to recover the benefits of an equitable economic policy.","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"76 1","pages":"3-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86178083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reseña del libro La perenne desigualdad de Rolando Cordera Campos","authors":"M. Fuentes","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.44.397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.44.397","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"52 1","pages":"139-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74503706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoliberalismo y democracia. Reseña del libro: Senderos que se bifurcan. Reflexiones sobre neoliberalismo y democracia de Fernando Escalante","authors":"Ciro Murayama","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.44.398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2018.44.398","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"59 1","pages":"143-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86610347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}