Economía UNAM最新文献

{"title":"Desempleo en México por características sociodemográficas, 2005-2018","authors":"J. H. Pérez","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2020.50.524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2020.50.524","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl desempleo es uno de los principales problemas Mexico, junto con el empleo de mala calidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar el efecto que tienen las caracteristicas sociodemograficas: sexo, edad y nivel de instruccion, sobre la tasa de desempleo abierta por entidad federativa, mediante un analisis de panel. Los resultados muestran que las caracteristicas que se asocian a un mayor desempleo son: el sexo y el nivel de instruccion con primaria incompleta y completa, mientras que las caracteristicas que se asocian a un menor desempleo son: la edad de 45 anos y mas y el nivel de instruccion secundaria completa, medio superior y superior. EnglishUnemployment is one of Mexico's main problems along with poor quality employment. The objective of this work is to estimate the effect that the sociodemographic characteristics have: sex, age and level of education, on the rate of open unemployment by federative entity, by means of a panel analysis. The results evince that the characteristics that are associated with higher unemployment are: sex and the level of education with incomplete and complete primary education, while the characteristics that are associated with lower unemployment are: the age of 45 years and over and secondary education level complete, middle school and higher education.","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"9 1","pages":"166-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82298711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transición energética: obstáculo o estímulo al desarrollo","authors":"R. C. Torres","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2020.49.506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2020.49.506","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenDesde fines de 2018 el gobierno despliega acciones para superar la crisis estructural del sector energetico que aqueja a la economia; rescatar al sector y erradicar la corrupcion forman parte de esas acciones. Sin embargo, no se dispone aun de una estrategia de largo plazo que incorpore el transito mundial hacia un nuevo paradigma energetico sustentable, en proceso de construccion y que en lo interno tome en cuenta la inviabilidad de un pretendido desarrollo cimentado en el ahora menguado potencial petrolero. Ventilar y articular esas realidades con la superacion de la crisis es necesario y urgente. Pero tambien converge con la aspiracion de un Estado democratico, como el actual, que aspira a reivindicar la soberania de la nacion sobre sus recursos naturales. \u0000  \u0000AbstractSince the end of 2018 the government has deployed actions to overcome the structural crisis of the energy sector that afflicts the economy; rescuing the sector and eradicating corruption are part of those actions. However, there is not yet a long-term strategy that incorporates the global transit towards a new sustainable energy paradigm, under construction, and that internally takes into account the unfeasibility of an alleged development based on the now diminished potential oil. Ventilate and articulate these realities with overcoming the crisis is necessary and urgent. But it also converges with the aspiration of a democratic State, like the current one, which aspires to claim the sovereignty of the Nation over its natural resources","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"4 1","pages":"46-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85108711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Los desequilibrios regionales y la desigualdad social en México","authors":"A. González","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2020.49.510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2020.49.510","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl trabajo analiza como la politica economica de libre movilidad de mercancias y capitales y la politica macroeconomica de estabilidad (alta tasa de interes, estabilidad cambiaria y austeridad fiscal) han acentuado las desigualdades regionales y sociales en el pais. Ello se manifiesta en el mayor poder economico, financiero y politico en las grandes urbes, que presiona para que la politica presupuestal y economica le favorezca y retroalimente su crecimiento, a costa de relegar al resto de las regiones y de acentuar las desigualdades salariales y de ingreso. Tales politicas han disminuido la dinamica economica y las regiones exportadoras no se han convertido en polos de desarrollo que impulsen a sus regiones y al resto del pais, dado el alto componente importado de las exportaciones manufactureras. La politica fiscal ha reducido la inversion publica, como las participaciones federales, lo cual ha acentuado los rezagos productivos, como las desigualdades regionales. El pais no cuenta con manejo soberano de la politica economica para impulsar el desarrollo productivo, regional y de empleo, pasando ello a ser determinado por el libre mercado. EnglishThe paper analyzes how the economic policy of free mobility of goods and capital and macroeconomic stability policy (high interest rate, stable exchange rate and fiscal austerity) have accentuated regional and social inequalities in the country. This is manifested in the greater economic, financial and political power in the big cities, which pressures for the economic and budgetary policy to favor and feed back its growth, at the cost of relegating the rest of the regions and accentuating wage and income inequalities. Such policies have diminished economic dynamics. Exporting regions have not become development poles that drive their regions and the rest of the country, given the high imported component of manufacturing exports. Fiscal policy has reduced public investment, such as federal shares, which has accentuated productive lags, such as regional inequalities. The country does not have sovereign management of economic policy to boost productive, regional and employment development, becoming determined by the free market","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"18 1","pages":"116-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80397076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Memoriam. Jaime Ros Bosch: maestro y amigo","authors":"Gonzálo Rodríguez","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2020.49.503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2020.49.503","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"2 1","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90062485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hacia una economía del conocimiento en México: fallos y desafíos","authors":"Carla Carolina Pérez Hernández, Martín Aubert Hernández Calzada, Jessica Mendoza Moheno","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2020.49.512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2020.49.512","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar los disfuncionamientos relacionados con la economia del conocimiento en Mexico. Para ello se desarrollo un estudio cualitativo, utilizando el instrumento creado por Krisciūnas y Daugeliene (2006) y recopilando la informacion de diversas fuentes que capturan la voz de la sociedad y las voces de expertos analistas y tomadores de decisiones. A partir de ello, los resultados muestran la existencia de fallos de mercado, fallos de sistema y fallos culturales asociados a la economia del conocimiento que proyectan desafios clave para la consolidacion de politicas publicas en materia de Ciencia Tecnologia e Innovacion (CTI). El estudio cualitativo detecto desafios prioritarios en la dimension de las Precondiciones para el desarrollo, lo que implica que esta es una problematica que cuenta con un cierto aval social, porque tanto expertos, analistas y sociedad; perciben fallos que tienen que ver con la estabilidad macroeconomica, los incentivos economicos y el regimen institucional, el grado de apertura comercial, el mercado laboral, los factores sociales o culturales y la politica propia de CTI. Por lo tanto, para la intensificacion de la economia del conocimiento se deberia inicialmente velar por la calidad del entorno en el que se desenvuelven las actividades economicas, cientificas y tecnologicas. EnglishThe aim of this paper is to identify dysfunctions related to the knowledge economy in Mexico. Consequently, a qualitative study was developed, using the instrument created by Krisciūnas y Daugeliene (2006) and gathering information from various sources that capture the voice of the society and the voices of expert analysts and decision makers. Based on this, the results show the existence of market failures, system failures and cultural failures associated with the knowledge economy that project key challenges for the consolidation of public policies on Science Technology and Innovation (STI). The qualitative study detects priority failures in the dimension of “preconditions for development”, which implies that it is a problematic issue that has a certain social endorsement, because experts, analysts and society perceive the challenges related to: Macroeconomics, economic incentives and the institutional regime, the degree of commercial openness, the labor market, social and cultural factors and STI’s own policy.","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"143 1","pages":"147-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76631735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efecto de un arancel y depreciación del peso en las exportaciones de frutas mexicanas aplicando un sistema de demanda casi ideal (AIDS)","authors":"A. Medina, Juan Ángel Hernández Ortiz, Rogel Fernando Retes-Mantilla","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2020.49.511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2020.49.511","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenEl subsector de frutas en Mexico es una actividad importante del sector agricola, en 2017 las exportaciones agroalimentarias fueron de 32,583 millones de dolares, con una paridad de 19,03 pesos por dolar de los cuales el aguacate (Persea americana spp), la uva (Vitis vinifera spp), el mango (Manguifera indica spp), el limon (Citrus latifolia tanaka spp) y la sandia (Citrullus lanatus spp) participan con un porcentaje de 40%. Esta cesta de frutas es analizada con un Sistema de demanda casi ideal (aids) para estimar las elasticidades de frutos de exportacion seleccionados, con estas se estimaron los cambios esperados en la demanda ante un cambio en la relacion peso/dolar y la imposicion de un arancel de 25%. Los parametros estimados en el modelo con las restricciones de homogeneidad y simetria fueron significativos a 5%, no existiendo autocorrelacion a 5%. Las elasticidades Marshallianas y Hicksianas precio de la demanda propias, las cruzadas y las del gasto obtenidas resultaron coincidentes en sus valores puntuales clasificando a las frutas analizadas como bienes inelasticos.  En un escenario de imposicion arancelaria de 25%, la exportacion de aguacate, limon, mango, sandia y uva, el volumen exportado hacia Estados Unidos disminuiria en un 11, 10, 5, 6, y 3% respectivamente. De igual modo el impacto de un escenario cambiario (peso/dolar) sera favorable en 14, 12, 6, 7 y 3% para las frutas analizadas en esta canasta de bienes. Si se mantienen los acuerdos del T-Mec mejoraran las exportaciones de fruta mexicana libres de arancel y la economia se mantendra superavitaria en este sector. \u0000  \u0000AbstractThe fruit subsector is an important activity in the Mexican agricultural sector. In 2017 agri-food exports were 32,583 million dollars with a parity of 19.03 pesos per dollar of which avocado (Persea americana spp), grape (Vitis wine spp), mango (Manguifera indica spp), lemon (Citrus latifolia tanaka spp) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus spp) represent a percentage of 40%. This fruit basket is analyzed with an Almost Ideal Demand System (aids) in order to estimate the elasticities of the selected export fruits; the expected changes in demand were estimated with a change in the peso/dollar ratio and a imposed 25% tariff. The parameters in the model were estimated with the restrictions of homogeneity and symmetry; all of them were significant at 5%, and there was no autocorrelation at 5%. The Marshallian and Hicksian price elasticity of demand, the cross elasticity and the expenditure elasticity obtained were consistent with their specific values, classifying the analyzed fruits as inelastic goods. In a scenario of 25% tariff imposition, the exported volumen to the US of avocado, lemon, mango, watermelon, and grape would decrease by 11, 10, 5, 6, and 3% respectively. Similarly, in an exchange scenario (peso/dollar) impact will be favorable of 14,12,6,7 and 3% for the fruits analyzed in this basket of goods. If the T-Mec agreements are maintained, the ","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"19 1","pages":"132-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73716824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"México en la disyuntiva económica","authors":"Pablo Ruiz Nápoles","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.47.461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.47.461","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen En este trabajo se presentan los rasgos esenciales de la alternativa de modelo economico de desarrollo que se le presenta al gobierno de Mexico ante dos circunstancias, el fracaso del modelo economico neoliberal establecido en 1983 y el triunfo electoral de un partido, declarado de izquierda y contrario al neoliberalismo en 2018. Se argumenta que para cumplir las promesas de crecimiento economico y reduccion de la pobreza es necesario reconstruir las instituciones que permitan al Estado recuperar sus mecanismos de intervencion en la economia, con el fin de llevar a cabo acciones de politica economica conducentes a incrementar la inversion publica y privada y generar urgentemente un mayor numero de empleos formales. Abstract In this essay we present the main characteristics of the most adequate option for an economic development model, before two historical circumstances: the failure of the neoliberal model initiated in 1983 and the wining of the general elections by a leftist party, contrary to neoliberalism in 2018. We argue that it is necessary for the new government to rebuilding the institutions for state intervention in the economy, that enable the State to take the economic policy measures in order to increase investment, both public and private and produce urgently an increase in the number of well-paid jobs in the country.","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"121 1","pages":"31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77487902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indicadores de bienestar para México, 1950-2015: semejanzas, diferencias y persistencias a lo largo del tiempo","authors":"Ó. Herreros","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.47.465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.47.465","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenEl primer objetivo de esta investigacion es medir la intensidad de las relaciones existentes entre los indices de desarrollo humano (idh), marginacion (im), rezago social (irs) y los porcentajes de pobreza de ingresos y multidimensional. Un segundo objetivo consiste en analizar la dependencia del idh y del im con respecto a sus propios valores pasados. Para ello, se utilizan datos a nivel de entidades federativas de 1950 a 2010, para el idh, y de 1970 a 2015, para el im. El calculo de los coeficientes de determinacion lineal y de correlacion por rangos de Spearman muestra que todos los indicadores considerados propenden a presentar niveles semejantes de deficiencias en las mismas poblaciones. Ademas, se detecta una fuerte correlacion entre los valores presentes del idh y del im y sus valores pasados. Por ejemplo, las cifras del idh de 1950 explican hasta 65.3% del idh de 2010. La conclusion es que los indicadores de bienestar analizados se caracterizan mas por sus semejanzas que por sus diferencias, asi como por su evolucion parsimoniosa a lo largo del tiempo. AbstractThe first objective of this paper is to measure the intensity of the relationships between the indices of human development (hdi), marginalization (im), social backwardness (irs) and the percentages  of income and multidimensional poverty. A second objective is to analyze the dependence of the hdi and the im on their own past values. To do this, we use state-level data from 1950 to 2010, for the hdi, and from 1970 to 2015, for the im. The coefficient of determination and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient show that all the considered indicators tend to present similar levels of deficiencies in the same populations. In addition, a strong correlation is detected between the present values of the hdi and the im and their past values. For example, the 1950 hdi figures explain 65.3% of the 2010 hdi. The conclusion is that the welfare indicators are characterized more by their similarities than by their differences, as well as by their parsimonious evolution over time","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"1 1","pages":"109-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74432298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reseña del libro: Liberalismo oligárquico y política económica. Positivismo y economía política del porfiriato","authors":"F. N. Urdanivia","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.47.468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.47.468","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"8 1","pages":"186-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89386653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La inversión pública y privada en la producción de México, 1994-2015: enfoque dual","authors":"A. Cordero, Yolanda Sánchez Torres, O. M. Arango","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.47.466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.47.466","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenLa inversion publica y la privada se han comportado como complementarias o sustitutas en las economias. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue analizar el efecto de la inversion publica sobre la inversion privada en la produccion de Mexico. Se uso una funcion de costo translog para derivar un sistema de cinco demandas de factores desagregados (inversion publica, inversion privada, trabajo en el sector primario, trabajo en el sector secundario y trabajo en el sector terciario), en el periodo 1994-2015. La inversion publica resulto complementaria con la inversion privada y con el trabajo en el sector primario contribuyendo al crecimiento economico. AbstractPublic and private investment have behaved as complementary or substitutes in economies. The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of public investment on private investment in Mexico’s production. A cost function translog was used to derive a system of five demands of disaggregated factors (public investment, private investment, work in the primary sector, work in the secondary sector and work in the tertiary sector), in the 1994-2015 period. Public investment resulted complementary with private investment and with work in the primary sector, contributing to economic growth","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"58 6 1","pages":"125-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74689109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}