Economía UNAM最新文献

{"title":"Retos recientes del desarrollo y de la movilidad social","authors":"Enrique Cárdenas Sánchez","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.46.448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.46.448","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen En este ensayo se presentan algunos de los desafios mas importantes que estan pendientes en la agenda de desarrollo social del pais, y se sugiere que para avanzar es necesario establecer una Politica Social de Estado. Partiendo de ello, se presenta una serie de politicas viables que conducirian a una mejora sustantiva de bienestar de la poblacion, pero al mismo tiempo se senalan algunos obstaculos para lograrlo. Abstract In this essay we present tha major challenges that are still pending in Mexico’s Social Policy Agenda. In order to advance we argue that the design and establishment of a State Social Policy is needed. From that point of departure, a series of policy options are presented which would considerably contribute to the improvement of generalized social welfare, in spite of several obstacles that need to be overcome","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"87 1","pages":"228-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85495333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retos fundamentales para la vinculación con el exterior","authors":"J. E. Navarrete","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.46.440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.46.440","url":null,"abstract":"espanolSe propone adoptar una politica exterior activa que permita replantear la posicion de Mexico, revisar su participacion en el ambito internacional en cuestiones como el combate al cambio climatico, la prohibicion de las armas nucleares y el manejo multilateral de las corrientes transfronterizas de migracion y refugio. Articular una estrategia en las relaciones bilaterales de Mexico con respecto al cambio de enfoque de Estados Unidos, para cultivar relaciones diplomaticas globales, pero concentrar sus recursos en cuestiones estrategicas. EnglishIt proposes to adopt an exterior active policy that allows to restate the position of Mexico, to check its international participation in the international area in questions as the combat to the climate change, the prohibition of nuclear weapons and the multilateral management of the cross-border currents of migration and refuge flows. To articulate a strategy in the bilateral relations of Mexico with regard to the change of approach of The United States, to cultivate global diplomatic relations, but concentrate its resources on strategic issues.","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"13 1","pages":"136-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80326879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Política económica y perspectivas de crecimiento","authors":"José I. Casar","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.46.420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.46.420","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenEl articulo hace una revision de la politica economica en Mexico en materia de ingreso y gasto, asi como de las variables externas. Examina algunos posibles escenarios y plantea la necesidad de que en la coyuntura actual, de inicio de un nuevo gobierno, se retome el crecimiento con una vision de corto y mediano plazos; se senala tambien que el pais necesita un crecimiento alto y sostenido y para lograrlo es necesario generar un entorno macroeconomico equilibradoAbstractThe article makes a review of Mexico’s economic policy in terms of income and expenditure, as well as external variables. It reviews some possible scenarios and raises the need for the current juncture of the start of a new government to resume growth with a short-and medium-term vision; It is also pointed out that the country needs a high and sustained growth and to achieve it it is necessary to generate a balanced macroeconomic environment","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"96 1","pages":"24-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76860857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Austeridad, gasto público y crecimiento económico con justicia social / Austerity, public expenditure and economic growth with social justice","authors":"C. Macías","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.46.427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.46.427","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenSe enfatiza el fracaso de las politicas seguidas durante los gobiernos neoliberales y se propone realizar ajustes para que el Estado retome un papel activo para aliviar las desigualdades; y mediante el gasto publico lograr eficiencia y rigor en la ejecucion de los programas que atiendan en un tiempo razonable la promocion del crecimiento economico y la justicia social; a traves de un manejo honesto y eficiente del gasto publicoAbstractThe failure of the policies followed during the neoliberal governments is emphasized and there is proposed to realize adjustments in order that the State takes again an active role to alleviate the inequalities; and through public spending to achieve efficiency and rigor in the execution of programs that attends the promotion of economic growth and social justice in a reasonable time; through an honest and efficient management of public expenditure","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"21 1","pages":"54-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75803295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dinámica empresarial disfuncional y productividad estancada: una reseña del nuevo libro de Santiago Levy","authors":"J. Ros","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.46.452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.46.452","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"40 1","pages":"270-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74797233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Los retos de la economía externa: Importaciones, exportaciones, inversión extranjera, tasa de interés, tipo de cambio / The economic policy challenges: Imports, exports, foreign investment, interest rate, exchange rate","authors":"José Antonio Romero Tellaeche","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.46.426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.46.426","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen Este trabajo hace un recuento de los costos que ha significado, para Mexico, la apertura comercial y de capitales y la firma de tratados internacionales. Se discute el efecto de las exportaciones y la IED sobre el crecimiento. Como afecta esta apertura la politica fiscal, monetaria y cambiaria. Se argumenta. Ante la imposibilidad de aplicar una politica comercial, industrial, fiscal, monetaria y cambiaria, la unica fuente de crecimiento son las exportaciones a Estados Unidos, y de ahi nuestra dependencia con ese pais. Finalmente se plantea que, para poder cambiar la estrategia de crecimiento, sin riesgos de fugas de capitales, es menester eliminar los deficit en cuenta corriente Abstract This work makes recount of costs, which has meant for Mexico opening its economy to trade and capital markets and the signing of international treaties. It discussed the effect of exports and FDI on growth. The effects of this opening to the effectiveness of fiscal, monetary and exchange rate policies. Given the impossibility of a commercial, industrial, fiscal, monetary and exchange rate policy, the only source of growth is exports to USA, and hence our dependence with that country. Finally, it states that in order to change the growth strategy, without risk of leakage of capital, its indispensable to eliminate the current account deficits","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"5 1","pages":"45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82477503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proceso de reconfiguración de la industria automotriz mundial tras la crisis económica de 2009","authors":"R. G. Moreno","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.48.496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.48.496","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl articulo presenta un analisis integral de las variables que explican la situacion actual de la industria automotriz a nivel mundial. De inicio, se incorpora una descripcion del cambio de paradigma productivo que adoptaron las empresas multinacionales del sector, pasando del “fordismo” al “toyotismo”; se presenta tambien una explicacion de los mecanismos que, a traves del “toyotismo”, inciden sobre la instalacion de cadenas globales de valor, con eslabones mas especializados. En seguida se evaluan los indicadores fundamentales del mercado internacional, es decir, los volumenes relativos a produccion y consumo. En particular, se identifican los principales paises productores y consumidores de automoviles; tambien se senala la tendencia actual de la industria hacia la conformacion de alianzas y fusiones entre las empresas multinacionales que protagonizan el sector a nivel mundial. Finalmente se exploran los efectos que origino la crisis economica de 2009 sobre la composicion global de la industria; sobre todo, la consolidacion de China como principal pais productor de automoviles y el proceso de recuperacion que esta experimentando la produccion de automotores en Estados Unidos. EnglishThe article presents a comprehensive analysis of the variables that explain the current situation of the automotive industry worldwide. At the outset, a description of the change of productive paradigm that the multinational companies of the sector adopted, going from \"Fordism\" to \"Toyotism\" is incorporated; an explanation is also given of the mechanisms that, through “Toyotism”, affect the installation of global chains of value, with more specialized links. Subsequently, the key indicators of the international market, that is to say, volumes relative to production and consumption, are evaluated. In particular, the main producing and consuming countries of cars are identified; also points out the current trend of the industry towards the formation of alliances and mergers between the multinational companies that lead the sector worldwide. Finally, the effects of the economic crisis of 2009 on the composition of the industry at world level are explored; above all, the consolidation of China as the main automobile producing country, and the recovery process that the industry is experiencing in the United States.","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"33 1","pages":"191-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90868935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformaciones en los ingresos de los hogares mexicanos (1992-2018)","authors":"G. D. Anda, Thibaut Plassot","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.48.487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.48.487","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa evolucion del ingreso corriente de los hogares y sus componentes entre 1992-2018, con un analisis por decil, por entidad federativa, y por ambito urbano y rural. Cambios mayores en las fuentes de ingresos durante el establecimiento de formas de adaptacion en los hogares y en las instituciones, en una macroeconomia inestable. Despues, el ingreso corriente per capita es apenas superior entre 2010 y 2018 respecto de 1992, y el porcentaje de los ingresos laborales dentro del ingreso total disminuye en el mismo periodo. Las recurrentes crisis economicas hacen retroceder el ingreso, y minimizan los avances de crecimientos anteriores. Permanece una fuerte desigualdad entre deciles y territorios, con la mayor parte de la poblacion en situacion de pobreza o vulnerabilidad. Los subsidios agropecuarios se concentran en los deciles mas altos de los productores agropecuarios, con una fuerte desigualdad territorial en el gasto publico rural. EnglishThe evolution of current income in homes, and its components, between 1992 and 2018, with an analysis by decile, by federal entity, and by urban and rural ambit. Major changes in in-come sources during the establishment of adaptation forms in homes, and in institutions, in an unstable macro economy. Afterwards, per capita current income is barely superior between 2010 and 2018 than that of 1992, and the percentage of labor income, considered in general income, decreases in the same period. Recurrent economic crisis make income go backwards, and minimize the advances of previous growth. A strong inequality remains, among deciles and territories, with the majority of population in poverty or vulnerability. Agricultural and livestock subsidies are concentrated in the highest deciles of the sector producers, with a strong territorial inequality in public rural spending.","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"32 1","pages":"19-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89187551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspectos internacionales de la industria de la refinación","authors":"R. Vargas","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.48.495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.48.495","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl trabajo partio de datos historicos (1965-2018) relativos a la produccion y la capacidad de la industria de la refinacion a nivel internacional a fin de ver los principales paises, su participacion en la oferta total y su crecimiento. Por el lado de la demanda, se destacan las tendencias del consumo en paises y las principales regiones en donde fue claro que su importancia actual y futura resulta del dinamico crecimiento de sus economias, como ocurre con Asia (Pacifico y Central). El Medio Oriente como la region de mayor crecimiento en la capacidad de produccion para cubrir mercados desplazando inversiones para proyectos de refinacion en otras latitudes. De importancia historica y con proyeccion a futuro, los Estados Unidos seguiran siendo importantes gracias al aumento de oferta de combustibles no convencionales. Analiza posibles tendencias para la industria. EnglishThe work started from historical data (1965-2018) concerning the production and refining industry capacity at an international level in order to see the main countries participation in the total world supply and their growth. On the demand side, consumption trends were highlighted in countries and the main regions where it was clear that their current and future importance has been the result of the dynamic growth of their economies, such as Asia (Pacific and Central). The Middle East as the region of the greatest growth in production capacity to cover markets spreading out investments for refining projects in other latitudes. Of historical importance and with projection to the future, the United States will continue being important thanks to the increase of unconventional fuels supply. Analyze possible trends for the industry.","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"52 1","pages":"168-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75034895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Los secretarios de Hacienda a debate: Alberto J. Pani contra Luis Montes de Oca, Eduardo Suárez y Ramón Beteta","authors":"M. E. R. Sotelo","doi":"10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.48.489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/FE.24488143E.2019.48.489","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn este articulo se presenta uno de los debates que se suscito alrededor del problema del incremento general de los precios en la decada de los cuarenta y principios de los cincuenta del siglo XX en Mexico. Esta controversia surgio a partir de la publicacion del libro del exsecretario de Hacienda Alberto J. Pani (1924-1926 y 1932-1933) El problema supremo de Mexico en el ano de 1955. En esta obra J. Pani critica la politica economica de los tambien exministros de Hacienda: Luis Montes de Oca (1927-1931), Eduardo Suarez (1936-1946) y Ramon Beteta (1947-1952). Los acusa de ser los responsables de la inflacion que sufria el pais en esos anos debido al uso del gasto publico para el financiamiento de la inversion. Los dos ultimos contestaron en la prensa esta critica y, dio origen al llamado Debate Ministerial que en esta publicacion se le nombra “ Pani contra Montes de Oca, Suarez y Beteta”. Dicho debate toco aspectos que siguen siendo relevantes hoy en la politica de nuestro pais. EnglishThis article presents one of the debates that arose around the problem of the general price increase in the forties and early fifties of the twentieth century in Mexico. This controversy became from the publication of the book of former Secretary of the Treasury Alberto J. Pani (1924-1926 and 1932-1933). The supreme problem of Mexico in the year 1955. In this work J. Pani criticizes the economic policy of the also former finance ministers: Luis Montes de Oca (1927-1931), Eduardo Suarez (1936-1946) and Ramon Beteta (1947-1952). He accuses them of being responsible for the inflation the country suffered in those years due to the use of public spending to finance the investment. The last two answered in the press this criticism and gave rise to the so-called Ministerial Debate that in this publication is named “Pani against Montes de Oca, Suarez y Beteta”.","PeriodicalId":100391,"journal":{"name":"Economía UNAM","volume":"419 1","pages":"66-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76511533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}