Cleaner Waste Systems最新文献

{"title":"Physicochemical characterization of coffee pulp-derived biochar and its effects on soil abiotic and biotic properties","authors":"Piyaphad Ninlaphong ,&nbsp;Kesinee Iamsaard ,&nbsp;Sasiprapa Kullachonphuri ,&nbsp;Phonlawat Soilueang ,&nbsp;Yupa Chromkaew ,&nbsp;Metinee Nakdee ,&nbsp;Toungporn Uttarotai ,&nbsp;Yaoliang Chen ,&nbsp;Nuttapon Khongdee","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coffee processing waste, particularly coffee pulp, has been accumulating at increasing rates, resulting in substantial environmental concerns. Unfortunately, comprehensive documentation of effective waste management approaches is still lacking. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effectiveness of coffee pulp-derived biochar on agricultural soil health by examining its influence on several soil parameters, including nutrient content, physicochemical properties, and microbial activity. The experimental design was a Completely Randomized Design, consisting of five treatments. The approaches entailed incorporating coffee pulp-derived biochar into soil at proportions of 0, 2.50, 3.75, 5.00, and 7.50 % of the soil’s weight. The characterization of biochar was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results showed the coffee pulp biochar contains various pore’s structure and high spectra of –C–O stretching functional group. High carbon (C) content (66.60 %) and abundance of exchangeable K were detected in as-made biochar. The analysis of basic soil nutrients after treatment with coffee biochar revealed statistically significant differences (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05) in available P exchangeable K, exchangeable Mg (highest at 7.5 %), exchangeable Ca (highest at 5 %), and %SOM (increased at 3.75 %). Notably, soil microbial respiration (SMR) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased proportionally with the percentage of coffee biochar used. Conversely, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) decreased as the dosage of coffee biochar increased. Microbial analysis revealed reduced fungal counts (max 68 % at 5 % biochar) and increased cellulase-producing (39 %) and phosphate-solubilizing (14 %) microorganisms at 2.5 % biochar compared to control. The correlation matrix has evidenced significant exchangeable K content in coffee pulp biochar demonstrating the positive correlation with soil biological improvement. Coffee pulp biochar produced from traditional kiln considerably enhances soil characteristics and modifies microbial populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Students’ intention to bring reusable containers: An integrated framework based on theory of planned behaviour and norm activation model","authors":"Pick-Soon Ling ,&nbsp;Kelvin Yong Ming Lee ,&nbsp;Liing-Sing Ling ,&nbsp;Irene Yong-Sing Ting","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The food demand in the residential accommodation cafeterias has increased due to the growing number of university residential students. Students tend to take away the foods with containers provided by the cafeteria to consume at their convenience. This scenario has caused container waste, the majority of which is unrecyclable, and ultimately brings negative consequences to the environment and society. The concept of bringing Reusable Containers (RC) was then introduced to reduce container waste. However, the evidence on the factors that shape residential students' intention to bring RC is relatively scarce. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to identify the determinants that affect university residential students to bring RC when taking meals away from the cafeteria. The study proposed an integrated framework based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Norm Activation Model, together with two university constructs, university green initiatives and perceived university support, which was developed and further validated using a valid sample of 201 residential students. The results found that intention to bring RC is positively significantly affected by attitude, perceived behavioural control and personal norms. Moreover, two university constructs had an indirect influence on the intention to bring RC. The findings offer several important implications as it is vital to enhance the literature further and encourage the intention of bringing RC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of a new brick design using plastic waste","authors":"Andrés Emanuel Díaz,&nbsp;Nicolas Di Lalla,&nbsp;Alejandro Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops an innovative 'H'-shaped brick incorporating recycled thermoplastics (HDPE, LDPE, and PS) as aggregates to simultaneously mitigate plastic waste and reduce energy demands in social housing. Despite prior research on single-type plastic bricks, a critical gap remains in optimizing ternary plastic blends (HDPE-LDPE-PS) for synergistic mechanical-thermal performance in low-cost housing. Five mix designs were systematically evaluated to address this gap, following ACI 211.1 and IRAM standards. The optimal dosage (BP₃) achieved an axial compressive strength of 4.92 N/mm², a density of 958 kg/m³ , and a thermal resistance of 0.60 m²K/W, surpassing conventional clay bricks by 21 % in strength and 67 % in thermal insulation. Thermal simulations demonstrated minimum energy savings of 22 % (summer) and 17.5 % (winter), validating the brick’s dual role in waste valorization and energy efficiency. The findings highlight the potential of the 'H' plastic brick as a sustainable alternative for low-rise social housing, combining mechanical durability with superior thermal properties—addressing a key limitation in existing studies focused on binary mixtures or isolated material properties. Future research should focus on long-term durability assessments, large-scale industrial validation, and integration with phase-change materials to further enhance performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economic feasibility and environmental life cycle impacts of struvite production from pig waste with ferrochrome slag as a magnesium source","authors":"Tariro Tecla Manhongo ,&nbsp;Langa Bright Moyo ,&nbsp;Geoffrey S. Simate","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ferrochrome slag (FCS), a by-product of the iron and steel industry, has been evaluated as a potential alternative magnesium source in the recovery of struvite. The actual benefits of FCS-derived magnesium in recovering struvite as a low-cost fertilizer are poorly understood. This study evaluated the techno-economic viability and environmental sustainability of recovering struvite from pig waste using FCS as a magnesium source. Five comparable scenarios were modeled in Aspen Plus® to quantify input and output flows, which were subsequently used to estimate the economic and environmental performances of struvite production. All five Scenarios were designed to produce 364.56 kg of struvite via processing of 8 m of digestate and 0.4 tonnes of slag per hour. Scenario 1 produced struvite only, Scenario 2 produced struvite and 62.02 kg/h of an iron/aluminium catalyst, Scenario 3 produced struvite and 486.09 m³/h of biogas, Scenario 4 produced struvite, catalyst (62.02 kg/h), and biogas (486.09 m³/h), while Scenario 5 considered recovery of struvite, catalyst (62.02 kg/h (343.48 m³/h), biogas, and digestate (865.35 kg/h) as products. All 5 scenarios are not economically viable but NPVs increase with the recovery of more products from -$38.77 million (Scenario 1) to -$8.00 million (Scenario 5). There is a general decrease in the environmental impacts including global warming potential (10.74–6.53 kg CO₂ eq. per kg of slag), and fossil resource scarcity (3.12–1.75 kg oil eq./kg of slag) from Scenario 1 to Scenario 5 attributed to onsite co-recovery of struvite with biogas (Scenarios 3–5) compared to offsite recovery where the digestate has to be transported from a pig farm (Scenarios 1 and 2). Also, when the economic allocation is used, the environmental impacts associated with struvite decrease as more products are recovered. For instance, the global warming potential for struvite decreases from 10.74 kg CO2 eq. in Scenario 1–1.81 10.74 kg CO2 eq. per kg of struvite in Scenario 5. This study demonstrates that the recovery of struvite using FCS-derived magnesium is not attractive, but its recovery together with iron/aluminium catalysts, biogas, and digestate significantly enhances both the economic viability and environmental sustainability of nutrient recovery processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivating recycling behaviour: The role of deposit return systems and collection point design","authors":"Marie Hartmann,&nbsp;Elena Cavagnaro","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This preliminary applied research study explores the potential effectiveness of Deposit Return Systems (DRS) in encouraging recycling behaviour in a HORECA (Hotel, Restaurant, Café) setting. A DRS starts with the introduction of a deposit collection point to facilitate that the guests return the deposit-levied packaging that they purchased on the business premise. The central research question in this study addresses how to lead guests to proper recycling behaviour. Recycling behaviour is conceptualized as disposing of deposit cans and bottles in specific collection points. Although the success of sustainable initiatives depends both on guest behaviour and on product design, these two angles are seldom applied together in general and in HORECA in particular. To answer the central question, we combined behavioural sciences with design for sustainable behaviour in an exploratory manner. Consequently, we introduced different prompt communication strategies and deposit collection point nudges, to explore which combination is most successful in leading guests to proper recycling behaviour in a canteen setting. Examples of strategies are visual prompts and verbal instructions. To measure the success of the nudges and prompts two measures were used: the deposit-levied packaging that ended in the collection point or in the garbage bin was counted; the level of recycling contamination. Chi-square was applied to analyse the data. The study highlights that the presence of a collection point increases guests’ motivation to collect deposit-levied packaging separately. The results show that the design of the collection points played a crucial role in reducing recycling contamination, as crate shaped collection point resulted in less recycling contamination compared to a bin shaped one. The findings suggest that, with proper product design and communication, DRS can be effectively applied not only in school canteens but also in cafes, catering services, and other HORECA businesses. The study uniquely employed an exploratory approach in a real-life setting in a university canteen to test the different behavioural interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-positive wastewater management in urbanizing tropical cities: Integrating membrane filtration and anaerobic digestion in Kanpur, India","authors":"Ruben Vingerhoets","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban wastewater and organic waste management are critical challenges in rapidly urbanizing regions, particularly in tropical developing countries such as Kanpur and India. Conventional treatment methods, such as the activated sludge process (ASP), face limitations, including high energy demands, low efficiency in industrial contaminant removal, and excessive sludge production. This study proposes an integrated system that combines direct membrane filtration (DMF) with anaerobic digestion (AD) to address these issues. The DMF+AD system concentrates wastewater organics for codigestion with food waste, enhancing biogas production while reducing pollutant discharge. The results indicate a 58 % COD recovery rate, an 83 % reduction in contaminant discharge into the Ganges River, and significant improvements in effluent quality compared to those of the ASP. Additionally, economic assessments reveal that biogas energy production offsets operational energy requirements and costs, making this approach both sustainable and cost effective. This innovative system has potential as a scalable solution for urban waste management in fast-growing tropical cities, contributing to environmental protection and renewable energy generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of protein biomass from Chlorella vulgaris using foliar fertilizer nutrients","authors":"Yesica Jhoana Benavides Escobar ,&nbsp;John Alexander Muelas Calambas ,&nbsp;Iván Dario Otero Ramírez ,&nbsp;Karen Sofia Muñoz-Pabon ,&nbsp;Jorge Luis Sánchez Ortega ,&nbsp;Jhon Edinson Nieto Calvache","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the main challenges for industries in microalgae cultivation is the cost of their culture media. In this study, the use of two foliar fertilizers as alternative and lower cost culture media (MFF) for the production of <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> compared to a control medium (BG11) was analyzed. The results for the MFF showed that on day 7 cell counts of up to 1.11 × 10⁷ cells/mL were obtained, in addition to a biomass yield of up to 0.32 g.L⁻¹ with an N:P ratio of 20:1. The highest protein content with MFF was on day 7, reaching maximum values (on a dry basis, db) of 54 g/100 g, however, lipids (1.48 g/100 g db) were low compared to literature. In addition, antiradical activity was observed by DPPH and ABTS methods and reducing power by FRAP method, supported by the presence of phenolic compounds and carotenoids, which increased significantly (p &lt; 0.05) between day 7 and 10 of cultivation. It is concluded that the MFF allow obtaining a significant amount of protein biomass on day 7, comparable to that of a control culture medium and that in addition, this biomass is rich in bioactive compounds that increase with the depletion of nutrients in the medium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green adsorption of oil and grease from wastewater using oil palm leaves activated carbon","authors":"Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa ,&nbsp;Muhammad Usama Salim Gandapur ,&nbsp;Hifsa Khurshid","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oil and grease contamination in wastewater poses a significant environmental threat due to its persistence and harmful ecological effects. Conventional treatment methods are often limited by high costs, inefficiency, and the risk of secondary pollution. This study investigates the use of oil palm leaves-based activated carbon (OPLAC) as a low-cost, environmentally friendly adsorbent for removing oil and grease from wastewater. A Central Composite Design (CCD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the process, resulting in 17 batch experiments. The model successfully predicted oil and grease removal efficiency. The regeneration and reusability study has also contributed to great results. It identifies optimal conditions at pH 6, 0.16 g adsorbent dosage, and 44 min contact time to achieve a high removal efficiency of 99.4 %. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models best describe adsorption data. Both have R² values of 0.99, confirming strong model fit and consistent adsorption behaviour. The regeneration and reusability efficiency of OPLAC was 92 %, 85 % and 77 % with a 15 % loss. These findings highlight the potential of OPLAC as a viable solution for treating oil- and grease-laden wastewater and as a means to valorize agricultural waste, contributing to circular economy practices and sustainable water management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disaster waste management for resilient communities: A systematic literature review","authors":"Savindi Caldera ,&nbsp;Chamari Jayarathna ,&nbsp;Cheryl Desha","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals aim to ‘strengthening resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related risk and natural disasters’, highlighting the urgent need for management of disaster waste. While there is a growing body of work on disaster management and resilience, it is still unclear how targeted disaster waste management practices can contribute to resilient outcomes. The study therefore aimed to explore the evolving relationship between disaster waste management (DWM) and resilient communities using a systematic literature review. The review includes an analysis of 75 conceptual and empirical articles selected from four research databases offering a resilience perspective. The findings indicated the <em>ad hoc</em> and limited use of DWM and established a conceptual model portraying the relationship between resilience and DWM. This model proposes opportunities in the areas of planning, waste treatment, environment, economic, organizational and legal aspects. The review also highlighted different aspects of resilience including conspicuous, community, urban, climate, circular economy, medical supply chain, technology and how they are applied in DWM to enable targeted use of DWM. A range of theories was evaluated and three key theories including Resilience theory, Protection Motivation theory, and Network Governance theory were identified as the most relevant lenses for research in DWM and resilience. The authors conclude the benefits of purposeful disaster management practices and contribute to better the bottom line, people and planet. This review uncovers a suite of theories and models, that can facilitate innovative ways to be incorporated in future DWM research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pineapple peel waste enhances manure protein degradation: Statistical optimization","authors":"Noori M. Cata Saady,&nbsp;Tasnia Hasan Nazifa","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animal farms generate large amounts of manure suitable as feedstock for producing biogas by anaerobic digestion (AD). However, AD encounters difficulties when manure contains excessive protein levels. This study investigates using pineapple peel waste (PPW)-derived protease enzyme (bromelain) to enhance manure’s protein degradation and improve biogas production. It aims to improve the degradation of manure protein and mitigate the inhibitory ammonia accumulation problem. The study applied a Box–Behnken design and analyzed the data using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimize protein reduction and diminish ammonia levels. It examined the single and two-way impacts of parameters such as manure dosage, PPW dosage, and degradation duration. The statistically derived optimal degradation conditions of 9 g VS_manure L⁻¹, 4 g VS_PPW L⁻¹, and 48 h degradation time achieved 36 ± 0.25 % protein reduction. However, the highest reduction of ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) of 72 ± 0.48 % was achieved under the optimal combinations of 6.5 g VS_manure L⁻¹, and 7 g VS_PPW L⁻¹ , and 48 h. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed changes, particularly weakening and cleavage of hydrogen and amide I, II, and III bonds, confirming hydrolyzed manure's protein structural and morphological alterations. The hydrolyzed substrate characterization, paired with the rigorously developed statistical data, strongly supports using PPW as an effective agent to address the ammonia accumulation challenges. The PPW significantly and effectively enhances protein breakdown within manure, potentially increasing hydrogen and methane generation during AD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}