{"title":"Full Life Cycle Carbon Emission Accounting of the Power System: A Case Study of a Typical 500 kV Substation","authors":"Xiaoqin Zhang, Hongbin Zhu, Dabing Chen, Yanli Miao, Peng Xiao","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Against the backdrop of global efforts in energy conservation and emission reduction, substations, as a crucial platform for the consumption of renewable and clean energy, are constantly expanding in scale. Therefore, the management of their carbon emissions has become particularly important. To track the carbon emission status of various carbon emission sources in large substations, this paper takes a typical 500 kV substation as an example and establishes an evaluation model for the full life cycle carbon emissions of the substation. The research shows that there are obvious differences in the characteristics of carbon emission sources in each stage of the full life cycle of substation projects. In the equipment manufacturing stage, a large amount of carbon emissions are generated due to the input of materials and energy, among which SF₆ gas plays a dominant role. In the decommissioning stage, however, the recycling of materials such as SF₆ generates a large amount of negative carbon emissions. Improving the recycling efficiency of materials like SF₆ can effectively reduce carbon emissions. The proportion of actually consumed SF₆ during the operation and maintenance stage in the full life cycle is the highest, reaching 52.4%. Scientifically managing and monitoring SF₆ gas and reducing its leakage rate will help significantly reduce the full life cycle carbon emissions of substation projects. Actively addressing global climate challenges is the responsibility of a major country. The construction of the carbon emission accounting model for substation projects provides a theoretical basis for the country to formulate scientific and reasonable emission reduction targets and policies, and promotes the transformation of power enterprises towards clean energy and the improvement of energy utilization efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144581966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiusen Liu, Tingzheng Fu, Hongbiao Xiao, Ye Yu, Zhiqing Che, Yixing Zhang, Anran Chen, Mian Li, Tingting Liu
{"title":"Constructing the Ni4N/Ni3N Heterointerface of the Bicontinuous Ni4N/Ni3N/NiO/CFs Catalyst With Pore Connectivity Effects for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Generation","authors":"Qiusen Liu, Tingzheng Fu, Hongbiao Xiao, Ye Yu, Zhiqing Che, Yixing Zhang, Anran Chen, Mian Li, Tingting Liu","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Designing and fabricating well-defined heterointerface catalysts with high electrocatalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a huge challenge. Here, the bicontinuous nano-heterostructure consisting of ultrathin Ni<sub>4</sub>N/Ni<sub>3</sub>N particles on hollow tubular carbon fibers was fabricated, and it exhibits superior catalytic activity with a very low overpotential of 75 mV@10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> for HER and stable performance for over 50 h. Theoretical calculation results revealed that the built-in interfacial electric field (BIEF) is formed due to the distinct lattice arrangements and uneven charge distribution in biphasic metal nitrides. The BIEF promotes the electron localization around the interface and enables high valence Ni and more exposed binding sites on the surface of Ni<sub>4</sub>N/Ni<sub>3</sub>N/NiO/CFs to accelerate the HER. Meanwhile, the pore connectivity effects facilitate the full exposure of the optimized Ni<sub>4</sub>N/Ni<sub>3</sub>N heterointerface, which possesses enhanced intrinsic catalytic activity as active sites. Moreover, the pore connectivity microstructure of the Ni<sub>4</sub>N/Ni<sub>3</sub>N/NiO/CFs is conceptualized and verified through the utilization of three-dimensional tomograph reconstruction technology. This study offers new insights into constructing heterostructure interfacial catalysts with three-dimensional spatial precision and provides strong references for practical applications in electrocatalytic hydrogen generation techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xi Chen, Sainan Kong, Dongxu Yu, Yongqun Ma, Fuxing Shen, Xing Xu, Jun Chen, Chengdu Liang, Liguang Wang
{"title":"Crystalline Structure Engineering of Metal Sulfides Toward Advanced Sodium-Ion Storage","authors":"Xi Chen, Sainan Kong, Dongxu Yu, Yongqun Ma, Fuxing Shen, Xing Xu, Jun Chen, Chengdu Liang, Liguang Wang","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) have garnered significant attention due to their unique physiochemical properties and high theoretical capacities. However, their poor intrinsic electronic conductivity hinders reaction kinetics. In this study, we propose a strategy of crystalline structure engineering to achieve metallic electronic conductivity, thereby significantly enhancing the electrochemical reaction kinetics during sodium-ion storage. Our findings reveal that iron sulfides with different crystal structures exhibit distinct electrochemical behaviors in sodium-ion batteries. Specifically, the metallic-phase tetragonal FeS, characterized by its layered structure, demonstrates superior electronic conductivity, electrochemical reversibility, and fast reaction kinetics. These attributes result in a markedly higher sodium storage capacity and faster electrochemical reactivity compared to semiconducting hexagonal FeS. This study introduces a critical strategy for designing next-generation sodium storage anodes with improved electrochemical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joo Hyeong Suh, Hyojoo Lee, Jiwoon Kim, Hayeon Bae, Jong Hyun Shim, Wei Kong Pang, Yong Ho Kim, Sunkook Kim, Junyoung Mun, Taeseup Song, Jung Ho Kim
{"title":"Strategic Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling for Global Resource Challenges","authors":"Joo Hyeong Suh, Hyojoo Lee, Jiwoon Kim, Hayeon Bae, Jong Hyun Shim, Wei Kong Pang, Yong Ho Kim, Sunkook Kim, Junyoung Mun, Taeseup Song, Jung Ho Kim","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid expansion of the lithium-ion battery (LIB) market, projected to reach approximately 3 TWh by 2030, raises critical concerns about resource scarcity and supply chain stability for key cathode materials. Consequently, advanced recycling and reuse technologies for LIBs are becoming increasingly essential—not just for effective waste management, but also to ensure sustainable and reliable raw material supply chains. In this perspective, we categorize recycling approaches for nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) cathodes and assess their advantages and limitations for practical commercialization. We argue that the successful integration of recycled materials into precursor cathode production critically depends on overcoming challenges related to impurity control, energy efficiency, and structural stability of recycled materials. Looking forward, we propose that future research should prioritize selective impurity removal to enhance electrochemical properties of the final NMC cathode material, as residual impurities from the recycling process may negatively impact the overall performance of LIBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luotian Lv, Yao Liu, Xuanheng Li, Yankai Huang, Tong Li, Hongwei Jian, Yanan Fan, Haili Song, Han Feng, Yongqing Wang
{"title":"Synergistic Engineering of Zinc Vacancies and Er-Doping in ZnIn2S4 Nanosheets for Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction via Optimized Charge Dynamics","authors":"Luotian Lv, Yao Liu, Xuanheng Li, Yankai Huang, Tong Li, Hongwei Jian, Yanan Fan, Haili Song, Han Feng, Yongqing Wang","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although extensive research has been conducted on cation vacancies in photocatalysts, the significance of vacancy defects in photocatalytic reactions and deep-going understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms are still limited. Herein, an appropriate introduction of zinc vacancies on ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> (ZIS) is rationally designed through Er or La (Er/La)-doping. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) directly demonstrates distinct zinc vacancies (V<sub>Zn</sub>), which is also confirmed by electron spin resonance analysis. The results of experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations manifest that Er/La-doping not only promotes the formation of V<sub>Zn</sub> but also enhances the built-in electric field, thus facilitating the rapid transfer of carriers. In addition, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (fs-TAS) reveals that V<sub>Zn</sub> induces a supplementary charge transfer pathway, thereby enhancing charge separation efficiency. As a result, the desired photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR) to syngas capacity is finally achieved on Er<sub>0.2</sub>-ZIS, with tunable H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratios, exceeding that of untreated ZIS by over 2 times. This study not only exploits a novel avenue to develop high-activity cation vacancies photocatalysts but also provides new perspectives in regulating the photogenerated carrier dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chuncheng Yan, Houzhen Li, Xiaoru Zhao, Xinrui Ma, Hao Chen, Yuanhua Sang, Hong Liu, Shuhua Wang
{"title":"Front Cover: Carbon Neutralization, Volume 4, Issue 4, July 2025","authors":"Chuncheng Yan, Houzhen Li, Xiaoru Zhao, Xinrui Ma, Hao Chen, Yuanhua Sang, Hong Liu, Shuhua Wang","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Front cover image:</b> Electrolyte design through intermolecular interactions has great significance in lithium metal batteries (LMBs) at low temperatures. In article number CNL270015, this cover image illustrates a red person (non-solvating cosolvent) tugging a blue person (solvating solvent) to facilitate the rapid movement of Li<sup>+</sup> within the electrolyte, enabling high ionic conductivity and fast desolvation, ultimately achieving high-performance LMBs at low temperatures.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Yu, Rumin Liu, Xu Wang, Zixiang Yang, Xiangyi Gu, Shikuan Yang, Zhizhen Ye, Zhen Wen, Jianguo Lu
{"title":"Transparent Radiative Cooling Films Based on Dendritic Silica for Room Thermal Management","authors":"Tao Yu, Rumin Liu, Xu Wang, Zixiang Yang, Xiangyi Gu, Shikuan Yang, Zhizhen Ye, Zhen Wen, Jianguo Lu","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Building energy consumption accounts for 40% of global energy use, with a large part attributed to windows. Transparent radiative cooling (TRC) coatings integrate transparency and radiative cooling, offering a promising solution. In this study, the transparency constraint and selective transmittance spectra of TRC films were proposed according to the heat transfer equation. On the basis of these rules, we designed a flexible TRC film composed of an emission layer, an ITO coating, a flexible substrate, and an adhesive layer from top to bottom. An ultrathin emission layer (~10 μm) with dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles embedded in polydimethylsiloxane was fabricated via a low-cost blade coating process suitable for manufacturing production. The film exhibited high visible light transmittance, ultraviolet blocking ability, and ultrahigh infrared emissivity. In addition, it provides benefits such as hydrophobicity and electromagnetic interference shielding. The results of outdoor tests revealed that a maximum cooling temperature of 12.6°C can be reached during sunny days. The theoretical cooling power reaches 99.25 W/m² at 27°C ambient temperature, making this TRC film a potential sustainable solution for room thermal management and energy efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chuncheng Yan, Houzhen Li, Xiaoru Zhao, Xinrui Ma, Hao Chen, Yuanhua Sang, Hong Liu, Shuhua Wang
{"title":"Electrolyte Design via Hydrogen Bonding Between Solvent and Non-Solvating Cosolvent Enabling Stable Lithium Metal Batteries at −20°C","authors":"Chuncheng Yan, Houzhen Li, Xiaoru Zhao, Xinrui Ma, Hao Chen, Yuanhua Sang, Hong Liu, Shuhua Wang","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have great significance in enhancing energy density. However, low ion diffusion in bulk electrolytes, high desolvation energy of Li<sup>+</sup>, and sluggish ion transport kinetics in electrode interphases at low temperatures cause LMBs to have a short cycle life (usually below 300 cycles). In this study, we designed a low-temperature electrolyte to overcome these issues. The medium-chain length isopropyl formate (IPF) was employed as main solvent in the designed electrolyte. Especially, the hydrogen bonding between non-solvating cosolvent (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether [TFE]) and IPF can be formed, leading to the weakened interaction between Li<sup>+</sup> and the solvents. Thus, a fast Li<sup>+</sup> desolvation can be achieved. Additionally, the designed electrolyte can maintain a high conductivity (6.37 mS cm<sup>−1</sup>) at −20°C and achieve higher Li<sup>+</sup> transference numbers (0.62). Finally, Li||LiFePO<sub>4</sub> full cells using the designed electrolyte exhibit a capacity of 113 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after 480 cycles at 0.1C under −20°C. Meanwhile, Li||LiFePO<sub>4</sub> can deliver 150 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after 120 cycles at 50°C. This study provides a novel pathway for optimizing electrolytes for next-generation LMBs during low-temperature operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiscale Catalyst Engineering for Stable, Selective, and Carbon-Neutral Industrial Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis","authors":"Mengxue Yang, Zhiyong Zhao, Tianyu Zhi, Shuai Yue, Jing Li, Tian Fu, Pengfei Wang, Sihui Zhan","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The electrocatalytic two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e<sup>−</sup> ORR) has emerged as a pivotal strategy for sustainable hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) synthesis, offering a carbon-neutral alternative to the energy-intensive anthraquinone process. This review critically synthesizes recent breakthroughs in catalyst design, mechanistic understanding, and system integration to address the persistent selectivity–stability trade-off. Key advances include atomic-level engineering of electronic modulation and surface functionalization and hydrophobicity control, which achieve > 95% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> selectivity by precisely tuning *OOH adsorption energy and suppressing 4e<sup>−</sup> pathways. Hierarchical architectures, such as flow-through electrodes and catalytic membranes, extend operational stability beyond 500 h at industrial current densities (> 200 mA cm<sup>−</sup><sup>2</sup>) through confinement effects and interfacial engineering. Emerging operando characterization techniques coupled with machine learning-accelerated simulations now enable dynamic mapping of active-site evolution and degradation mechanisms. System-level innovations integrating renewable energy input and circular carbon strategies demonstrate pilot-scale feasibility for net-negative emission H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production. However, persistent challenges in scalability, long-term catalyst durability under fluctuating loads, and techno-economic gaps between laboratory and industrial implementations require urgent attention. We propose a multidisciplinary roadmap combining materials genome initiatives, modular reactor design, and policy-driven lifecycle assessment frameworks to accelerate the deployment of 2e<sup>−</sup> ORR systems. This work provides actionable guidance for advancing carbon-neutral chemical manufacturing through electrochemical routes aligned with global net-zero goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heteropore Conjugated Organic Reticular Subnano-Crystal for Photocatalytic Water Splitting","authors":"Ruijuan Zhang, Boying Zhang, Jiaqi Lv, Yue Wang, Haining Liu, Linda Jewell, Xinying Liu, Shanlin Qiao","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>2D COF-based photocatalysts exist as insoluble and difficult-to-process blocks, the layered stacking buries active sites, hindering water molecule access, while crystal defects restrict charge carrier migration/penetration. The well-defined sub-nanostructures with distinct configurations (<i>C</i><sub>2</sub>, <i>C</i><sub>3</sub>) can construct multiple pathways and intramolecular electric fields, which promote electron separation and transfer. Hence, we develop a kind of heteropore-conjugated reticular oligomers (CROs) subnano-crystals with well-defined structures, which can be regarded as a defect-free COFs segment. These sub-nanometer dots ensure sufficient exposure of active sites, enhance processability, form a “homogeneous catalyst” and consequently increase the accessibility of water molecules. Accordingly, the photocatalytic performance of series CROs is up to 129.33 μmol h<sup>–1</sup>, improving 3–5 times over bulk COFs. Theoretical calculation shows that: Electron transfer number (ET) increased from 0.43 to 0.99 e, charge transfer distance (<i>D</i>) increases from 2.467 to 10.319 Å, while electron–hole overlap integral (<i>S</i><sub>r</sub>) decreases from 0.495 to 0.023, and exciton binding energy (<i>E</i><sub>b</sub>) decreases from 6.28 to 4.28 eV. The statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) method indicates that extending electron–hole separation distances and reducing exciton binding energy play a pivotal role in achieving effective electron delocalization and efficient charge transfer, thus significantly promoting the photocatalytic process.</p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}