Applied Research最新文献

{"title":"Advancing Long-Term Energy Demand Forecasting: A PRISMA-Guided Systematic Review of AI and Econometric Models","authors":"Nor Afiza Mohd Noor,&nbsp;Mohamad Fani Sulaima,&nbsp;Mohd Khairil Rahmat,&nbsp;Norhafiza Mohamad,&nbsp;Hazlie Mokhlis","doi":"10.1002/appl.70181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Long-term energy demand forecasts are used by governments, utilities, and planners when deciding future grid capacity, investment needs, and decarbonisation pathways. This review examines recent studies that used artificial intelligence, machine learning, hybrid, and statistical/econometric approaches for long-term energy demand forecasting. The review followed PRISMA 2020. From 980 records identified in Scopus and IEEE Xplore for 2023–2025, 42 studies were retained. The papers were grouped into three themes: deep learning and hybrid models, ensemble machine learning models, and statistical/econometric models. The strongest deep learning and hybrid result reported was R² = 0.97, showing good ability to model nonlinear demand behaviour. Ensemble studies also reported improved robustness, including RMSE reductions of up to 37% and MAPE values below 2%. ARIMA, SARIMA, and LEAP remained useful where datasets were limited or policy assumptions had to be made explicit. The review also found repeated weaknesses in benchmarking, cross-regional validation, uncertainty reporting, and labelled limitations sections. Overall, model selection for long-term energy demand forecasting should consider not only accuracy but also data availability, interpretability, and policy use.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delphi Method as a Consensus-Building Strategy for Implementation of a Cloud-Based Learning Management System in Higher Education Institutions","authors":"Rahimah Kassim,&nbsp;Adnan Bakri,&nbsp;Aminuddin M. Arof,&nbsp;Wan Najat Wan Azman,&nbsp;Nor Aziati Abdul Hamid","doi":"10.1002/appl.70179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70179","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The implementation of cloud computing technology in higher education institutions innovatively enhances the scalability and usefulness of learning management systems. However, there are still barriers to successful cloud implementation, mostly due to the absence of clear critical success factors and the institution's readiness. To address these gaps, this research employed the Delphi technique to consolidate expert opinion in systematic ways related to the significant factors that facilitate the deployment of cloud-based learning management systems (LMS) in higher education sectors. Guided by a theoretical foundation of technology, organization, and environment frameworks, and a thorough review of the literature, the study initially emerged with a conceptual model. The Delphi study involved 18 experts in Round 1 and 13 experts in Round 2, representing academia, information technology, and professional practice. There was consensus among experts on 14 critical elements throughout the process, which are categorized under technological, organizational and environmental aspects. Thus, this research offers the validated decision-support model and strategy implementation roadmap to the higher education sector in the complex process of cloud-based LMS implementation. In addition to its empirical contribution, the study emphasizes the Delphi as a reliable technique for bringing together expert opinion in the rapidly expanding field of educational technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-Fluid-Structural Coupling Analysis of Twin-Screw Compressor Rotors Under Variable Operating Conditions","authors":"Sen Zhao,&nbsp;Diankui Gao,&nbsp;Bin Zhao","doi":"10.1002/appl.70175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Twin-screw compressors are prone to rotor failure under complex multi-physics loads. This study establishes a thermo-fluid-structural coupling framework to analyze rotor behavior under varying operating conditions. A one-way sequential coupling approach integrates CFD and FEA to simulate pressure, temperature, deformation, and stress fields. Parametric studies cover discharge pressures (0.2–0.7 MPa) and rotational speeds (2000–7000 rpm). Results show that deformation increases monotonically with pressure, while von Mises stress exhibits a non-monotonic trend with a minimum at 0.3 MPa, indicating an optimal force-balance state. Rotational speed significantly affects internal pressure but induces a non-monotonic temperature distribution due to competing compression and residence-time effects. The identified operating point (0.3 MPa at 3000 rpm) represents the structural optimum that minimizes mechanical stress on the rotor, thereby providing direct guidance for rotor design and fatigue life assessment. It should be noted that this condition is derived from structural optimization only; comprehensive compressor performance optimization would require simultaneous consideration of thermodynamic efficiency, leakage losses, and vibration characteristics. This work offers a validated numerical framework and practical insights for enhancing twin-screw compressor reliability. The framework's predictive capability for thermo-mechanical responses is substantiated through comparison with experimental measurements from analogous operating conditions, confirming its suitability for engineering design optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Implementation of a Digitalised Marine Aids to Navigation Monitoring System for High-Density Maritime Traffic Waters: A Case Study of the Strait of Malacca","authors":"Muhammad Fadhli Makhtar,&nbsp;Mohd Nizam Ab Rahman,&nbsp;Iliani Mohd Ikram,&nbsp;Mohd Hafiz Abdul Majid,&nbsp;Zulkifli Ariffin,&nbsp;Abdul Syukur Abdul Hamid","doi":"10.1002/appl.70178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70178","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Strait of Malacca is one of the world's busiest and most operationally demanding maritime corridors. Nevertheless, the monitoring of marine aids to navigation (AtoN) in high-density maritime environments remains heavily dependent on periodic inspections and manual reporting, limiting continuous visibility of infrastructure conditions. This study presents the engineering design, large-scale deployment and operational evaluation of the AtoN Remote Monitoring System (ARMS) for high-density maritime traffic waters in Malaysia. The framework integrates asset-level multi-sensor instrumentation, local signal validation within purpose-built ARMS enclosures, hybrid communication through the Automatic Identification System (AIS), very high frequency (VHF) radio and cellular networks, and the centralised shore-based e-Nav.my monitoring platform. The study contributes a replicable engineering framework for digitalised AtoN monitoring and provides quantitative evidence of system availability, communication reliability, alert performance and maintenance response. A 90-day operational assessment was conducted across 478 ARMS-equipped AtoN installations within a national inventory of 853 installations, comprising 3.4 million validated sensor records, 412 automated alerts and 183 associated maintenance actions. The measured monthly system availability was 98.3%, while the measured communication success rate was 98.7%. A probabilistic reliability model estimated a theoretical availability of 99.94% for the three-channel communication architecture. Fault detection system achieves an average measured fault detection delay of only 8.4 min, an alarm accuracy rate of 93.9%, and a false alarm rate of 6.1%. The average time elapsed from alarm generation to fault repair is 14.2 h. These metrics are far superior to the 15-to-45-day detection delay of traditional inspection methods. These findings demonstrate the operational feasibility of integrating distributed sensing, resilient communication and centralised digital monitoring to support condition-aware management of geographically dispersed AtoN infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Image: Volume 5 Issue 5","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/appl.70177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Applied Research</i> is a multidisciplinary journal that focuses on bridging fundamental research and practical applications, supporting sustainable problem-solving and global initiatives. The journal covers high-quality research in fields such as Materials, Applied Physics, Chemistry, Applied Biology, Food Science, Engineering, Biomedical Sciences, and Social Sciences. Authors can submit various article types, including Reviews, Tutorials, and Research Articles. The journal aims to highlight innovative research that demonstrates the application of knowledge, methods, instrumentation, and technology into solutions.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Damp Heat Aging on Solder Interconnection Reliability and Photoluminescence Degradation of Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells for Solar-Powered UAV Applications","authors":"Norliza Ismail,&nbsp;Nurhakimah Norhashim,&nbsp;Sabarina Abdul Hamid,&nbsp;Nadhiya Liyana Mohd Kamal,&nbsp;Zulhilmy Sahwee,&nbsp;Shahrul Ahmad Shah,&nbsp;Maria Abu Bakar","doi":"10.1002/appl.70174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70174","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Solar-powered UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) demand reliable solder interconnections to provide an uninterrupted power supply during long-term missions in the harsh environment. In this study, the impact of damp heat aging on the electrical reliability of solder connections and the photoluminescence (PL) response of polycrystalline Si solar cells was examined. A total of nine solar cell samples (three per alloy) were soldered with SnPb, SnCu, and SnAgCu solder alloys and subjected to damp heat aging at 85°C/85% RH for a maximum of 1000 h. Electrical resistance was obtained after 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 h of aging, whereas PL was performed after 0, 200, 400, 600, and 1000 h. The highest increase of electrical resistance was observed for SnCu (8.0%), and the minimum increase (2.4%) was found for SnPb, that was non-monotonic trend. SnAgCu exhibited the best electrical stability with an increase of 5.4% in resistance. The PL intensity reduced by up to 38% at 600 h and then somewhat recovered at 1000 h, while the PL peak position remained almost steady at ~1.13 eV, suggesting that the effect of damp heat aging was on carrier recombination instead of the silicon bandgap. In general, damp heat aging deteriorated the solder interconnections and the silicon absorber, which may limit the long-term reliability of solar-powered UAV systems. In summary, the results indicate that SnAgCu is a suitable solder alloy for long-duration solar-powered UAV applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanosized Graphene-Based Hybrid Architectures for Combating Microplastic Pollution From Water: Materials Design, Mechanisms, and Applications","authors":"Chirasmayee Mohanty,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar Sahoo,&nbsp;Alaka Samal","doi":"10.1002/appl.70176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The persistent contamination of global water resources by microplastics necessitates the development of advanced and sustainable remediation strategies. Graphene hybrid architectures (GHAs) have emerged as a sustainable strategy to address this environmental crisis. The extraordinary features of graphene-based materials enable it to interact with a broad range of contaminants via multiple mechanisms, making them highly effective in water remediation. This review systematically elucidates advanced strategic functionalization and application of diverse GHAs, including graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), graphene quantum dots (GQD), and three-dimensional graphene-based frameworks (3DGF), and so forth. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of graphene-based materials in mitigating plastic pollution (white pollution), where their ability to absorb and aggregate microplastics aids in their effective removal from water. Additionally, the capacity of graphene surfaces in adsoption and ion-exchange mechanisms offers high-capacity rejection ability towards microplastics. The incorporation of graphene amid semiconductor photocatalyst/metal nanoparticles is also tinted as a potent strategy to advance charge migration and photocatalytic competency for the collapse of relentless white pollution. This ample review attempts to propose an inclusive foundation to figure out the role of graphene between GHAs composition and their act along with approaches to mitigate the white pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptance and Application of RFID for Effective Warehouse Management Systems in Johor","authors":"Nusaila Johari,&nbsp;Sunitawati Karim,&nbsp;Yong Salmah,&nbsp;Noor Irdiana Ngadiman,&nbsp;Shereen Noranee,&nbsp;Faradina Ahmad,&nbsp;Nurhalimah Ishak","doi":"10.1002/appl.70169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study looks at how RFID technology can be used to improve warehouse management systems, especially in Johor's logistics sector. Globalization and e-commerce have made logistics networks more complicated, but companies are being told to use technologies that make warehousing operations accurate, quick, and visible in real time. This study examined the impact of RFID, particularly when combined with internet of things technologies, on conventional warehousing procedures. It accomplished this through a qualitative case study methodology. We did semi-structured interviews with important people (supervisors and operational managers) from different logistics companies in Johor. Thematic research shows that RFID improves inventory accuracy, speeds up order processing, reduces errors made by staff, and helps people make better decisions. RFID also lets one connect and automate systems on a lot of different platforms. This makes warehouse systems more adaptable and based on data. This study adds important information to the growing but still small body of research on how RFID technology can be used. The findings indicate that RFID can facilitate the advancement of Malaysia's industry 4.0 initiatives. They also say that more research needs to be done on how easy it is to use RFID, how safe it is for data, and how good it is for the environment (e.g., how easy it is to recycle tags).</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An AI-Supported Adaptive Learning Environment for Arabic Reading Development: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Primary Education","authors":"Norazman Ahmat Syafri,&nbsp;Saipolbarin Ramli,&nbsp;Mohamad Azrien Mohamed Adnan,&nbsp;Harun Baharudin,&nbsp;Elsayed Makki Elbishrali Hassan,&nbsp;Abdullah Sabir Mahmoud,&nbsp;Sabrina Che Haron","doi":"10.1002/appl.70171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70171","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluated the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence (AI)-supported adaptive learning environment in developing Arabic reading skills among primary school pupils. Arabic reading presents distinctive challenges for beginning learners because letter forms vary according to position, short vowels are frequently omitted and the script is written from right to left. Conventional whole-class instruction may not adequately accommodate differences in prior knowledge, learning pace and cognitive readiness. A quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test control-group design was employed with 72 pupils from two intact classes in one Malaysian primary school. The experimental group used an adaptive environment that adjusted task difficulty and learning pathways according to response accuracy and provided immediate corrective, explanatory and motivational feedback. The control group received conventional teacher-led instruction using the same curricular content and instructional duration. Both groups completed an expert-validated Arabic reading test before and after the 4-week intervention, while pronunciation and fluency were assessed using a validated rubric. The experimental group demonstrated substantially greater improvement than the control group, with a statistically significant post-test difference and a very large effect size (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 1.91). Higher pronunciation accuracy, reading fluency and learner engagement were also observed in the experimental group. The findings suggest that AI-supported adaptation and timely feedback can provide differentiated support for beginning Arabic readers. Although the single-school sample limits broad generalisability, the study offers practical evidence for carefully supervised integration of adaptive learning into primary Arabic language instruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining the Residual Resource of Metallurgical Equipment Components Under Limited Data Conditions","authors":"Oleksii Hrechanyі","doi":"10.1002/appl.70164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents the development and validation of a machine learning model for predicting the residual life of bronze bearing liners used in the universal spindle of a 1680 rolling mill. The model is based on the Random Forest ensemble algorithm and implemented in the RStudio environment using real industrial obtained from 36 bearing replacement events. The input feature set includes operating time, replacement frequency, failure probability density, and replacement count, enabling the identification of nonlinear relationships between technological parameters and component degradation. Model performance was evaluated using mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), achieving an MSE of 0.125 and an MAE of 0.32 days on the test data set, with cross-validation confirming model stability (MSE = 0.130 ± 0.012). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated robustness to input data variations typical for industrial environments. Comparative analysis with linear regression showed significantly lower predictive accuracy of conventional statistical approaches. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of applying ensemble machine learning methods for reliable residual life prediction under small-sample industrial conditions. The proposed approach enables data-driven maintenance planning, reduces the risk of unplanned downtime, and supports the implementation of intelligent condition monitoring systems aligned with Industry 4.0 principles.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}