Applied Research最新文献

{"title":"FragMAX Facility for Crystallographic Fragment and Ligand Screening at MAX IV","authors":"Sandesh Kanchugal P.,&nbsp;Elmir Jagudin,&nbsp;Gustavo M. A. Lima,&nbsp;Vladimir O. Talibov,&nbsp;Afshan Begum,&nbsp;Jie Nan,&nbsp;Mikel Eguiraun,&nbsp;Ana Gonzalez,&nbsp;Céleste Sele,&nbsp;Maria Nyblom,&nbsp;Wolfgang Knecht,&nbsp;Derek T. Logan,&nbsp;Tove Sjögren,&nbsp;Marjolein Thunnissen,&nbsp;Thomas Ursby,&nbsp;Marc Obiols-Rabasa,&nbsp;Magnus Larsson,&nbsp;Uwe Mueller,&nbsp;Tobias Krojer","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400263","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The FragMAX facility at MAX IV Laboratory is a state-of-the-art platform for crystallographic fragment screening, designed to support structure-based drug and chemical tool compound discovery. This facility offers a comprehensive workflow, from high-throughput crystal preparation and automated diffraction data collection at the BioMAX beamline to advanced data processing and analysis using custom software tools like FragMAXapp and FragMAXproc. Key components include an extensive relational SQLite database, various fragment libraries, laboratory automation equipment, and a range of bespoke software solutions. FragMAX has conducted numerous successful screening campaigns, serving both academic and industrial users. Users benefit from comprehensive support, and stringent data management. Here, we provide an overview of the different components of the facility and details of their practical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Plumbago zeylanica Root Extract, Spectrochemical Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity Against Common Pathogen","authors":"Syed Md Humayun Akhter,&nbsp;Sajid Naeem,&nbsp;U. S. Ansari,&nbsp;Vasi Uddin Siddiqui,&nbsp;Shambhu Shankar Bharti,&nbsp;Shameem Ahmad,&nbsp;Md Tanwir Alam,&nbsp;Dilawar Husain,&nbsp;A. V. Patil","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400200","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The root extract of <i>Plumbago zeylanica</i> was used to produce iron oxide (FeO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. These metal oxides are easy to produce, inexpensive, and ecologically friendly, with considerable antibacterial activity against common infections. The purpose of this work is to explore a sustainable synthesis method and to investigate the comparative antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized using a variety of techniques, including energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The XRD patterns revealed the crystalline structures of the produced metal oxide nanoparticles by displaying prominent, intense peaks. Morphological investigation utilizing SEM and TEM techniques revealed the nanoparticles’ shapes and sizes, with an average particle size ranging from 9 to 36 nm. EDX spectra verified the presence of an oxide layer on all three metal oxide nanoparticles. UV-vis and FTIR spectroscopy revealed additional optical characteristics. The antibacterial activities of FeO, ZnO, and CuO nanoparticles were tested using disk diffusion assays against <i>Salmonella enterica</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The results showed that the antibacterial efficiency of these nanoparticles varied according to the type of bacteria. ZnO nanoparticles had the highest antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while FeO nanoparticles had the lowest antibacterial efficacy. These data imply that ZnO nanoparticles, in particular, have antibacterial properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TER-Ox: Simultaneous Monitoring of Epithelial Barrier Function (TER) and Mitochondrial Respiration (Ox)","authors":"Tobias Naber,&nbsp;Katharina Winter,&nbsp;Joachim Wegener","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Epithelial barrier function and cellular respiration are key cellular phenotypes in health and disease and as such involved in the progression of many pathological disorders. Accordingly, the molecular drivers are targeted extensively in drug development using appropriate disease models in vitro. So far, quantification of barrier function and metabolic respiration had to be conducted in individual phenotypic assays, making it impossible to track changes simultaneously in a single cell layer over longer periods. We have developed an assay platform that allows for simultaneous monitoring of both, the epithelial barrier function and metabolic activity of cell layers cultured on permeable substrates label-free and non-invasively. Therefore, we designed a stainless-steel measurement chamber capable of combining impedance spectroscopy and ratiometric fluorescence-based oxygen mapping. In this platform, the barrier function is quantified as the <i>transepithelial electrical resistance</i> (TER) while the respiratory activity is expressed as the <i>apparent oxygen consumption rate</i> (AOCR) yielding the name TER-Ox for the combined setup. We validated the TER-Ox system by studying the epithelial cell lines MDCK-I, MDCK-II, and A549, covering a wide range of barrier tightness. Results of the combined TER-Ox setup were compared to established but individual readouts of barrier function (cellZscope®) and oxygen consumption (VisiSens TD®). Also, we show that differences in both parameters are readily monitored while treating cell layers with modulators affecting the electron transport chain (Antimycin A and malonoben) or barrier integrity (Cytochalasin D).</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model-Based Method for Local Monitoring of Steel Structures","authors":"Arne Goedeke","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400224","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper introduces a novel method for monitoring steel structures for fatigue cracks. The method combines measurements from strain gauges (SG) with pre-conducted structural simulations to quantitatively and precisely determine the position and length of cracks in critical areas. Experimental results validate the reliability and effectiveness of this approach, demonstrating its ability to enable early crack detection. A key advantage of this method is its simplicity: it requires only three strain gauge bridges (one reference SG and two for crack detection). This makes the approach both cost-efficient and flexible. It is particularly suited for localized monitoring tasks and offers significant benefits over other, often more complex, methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dot-by-Dot Printing of Capacitors by Lift","authors":"Stefan Lux,&nbsp;Nadezda Kuznetsova,&nbsp;Ajeya R. Simha,&nbsp;Dario Mager,&nbsp;Frank Breitling,&nbsp;Jan G. Korvink","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400266","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Capacitors play a crucial role in modern electronics as they are widely employed for energy storage, signal processing, radiofrequency tuning and matching, and signal filtering. This paper presents a novel approach to chip-scale capacitor fabrication utilizing the laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) technique, a versatile 3D printing method that offers a flexible and cost-effective alternative to conventional manufacturing processes. Plate capacitors were fabricated through dot-by-dot printing of titanium di-oxide and silver paste layers, and their performance evaluated. Optimal dot circularity at a diameter of 130 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>μ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${rm{mu }}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>m were achieved with printing parameters of 120 mW for 4 ms, with no noticeable surface defects. Using smaller dots enabled higher resolution, but this compromised the quality of the printed surface. The fabricated capacitors demonstrated a mean capacity of 40.1 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>±</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $pm $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 2.2 pF at 100 MHz, making them suitable also for high-frequency applications. The resistivity of the printed silver tracks was <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>1.2</mn>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>7</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>Ω</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>m</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $1.2,times ,1{0}^{-7},{rm{Omega }}{rm{m}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, measured over 16 structures, and closely matched the manufacturer's specifications for the silver ink. The achieved resolution from the dot-by-dot method used in this paper provided greater flexibility in transfer in comparison to previously reported results using a square-shaped transfer geometry.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Ageing of Epoxies: Effect of Thermal Oxidation","authors":"Nawfel Tahraoui,&nbsp;Romain Delannoy,&nbsp;Isabelle Derue,&nbsp;Emmanuel Richaud","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400126","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Epoxy samples obtained by curing bisphenol A diglycidyl ether with triethylenetetramine are thermally oxidized at 160°C under air. The impact on water sorption is investigated by water uptake recorded by Dynamic Vapor Sorption and the gravimetric method. Experimental data mainly showed that water solubility in epoxies increases due to oxidative degradation, meanwhile, the formation of clustering remains limited. In the investigated ageing conditions, water diffusion obeys Fick's law. Despite a significant chain scission process, water diffusivity in polymer remains constant, possibly in line with the fact that hydroxypropylethers are the driving force of water diffusion and are not degraded during thermal ageing.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis Strategies for Rare Earth Activated Inorganic Phosphors: A Mini Review","authors":"Sitender Singh,&nbsp;Devender Singh,&nbsp;Preeti Siwach,&nbsp;Isha Gupta,&nbsp;Pawan Kumar","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400190","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rare-earth (RE)-activated inorganic nanophosphors have garnered significant attention due to their unique optical properties and versatile applications in fields ranging from lighting and displays to biomedical imaging. The mini review provides a concise overview of recent advances in the synthesis strategies employed for the fabrication of these nanomaterials. Various synthesis techniques, including solid-state, sol-gel, solution combustion, hydrothermal, co-precipitation, and microwave methods have been discussed, highlighting their advantages and limitations in tailoring the properties of nanophosphors. Furthermore, the role of different rare earth dopants and host matrices in controlling the luminescent properties of nanophosphors has been explored. Future perspectives and emerging trends in preparation of RE-activated inorganic nanophosphors has also been discussed, with an emphasis on addressing current challenges and exploring new avenues for the fabrication of adequate and functional nanomaterials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionally Graded Impact Attenuator Using Bonded Construction","authors":"M. Q. dos Reis,&nbsp;R. J. C. Carbas,&nbsp;E. A. S. Marques,&nbsp;L. F. M. da Silva","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400261","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Automotive collisions are one of the major causes of death in the European Union, especially in childhood and adolescence. However, improvements in vehicle safety cannot be achieved only by increasing the size and dimensions of the structures, as this demands more materials and more costly manufacturing processes, which leads to an increased resource expenditure and lowered sustainability. Moreover, the increase of the structure size raises the vehicle's weight, leading to added fuel consumption, which cannot be accepted considering modern environmental regulations. To solve these issues, the application of bonded joints using the combination of several adherends materials, such as steel and aluminium alloys and fibber-reinforced polymers with crash-resistant adhesives presents itself as a novel solution, allowing to attain enhanced joint strength, energy absorption and weight reduction. The present works introduce a novel concept of an impact attenuator using bonded, geometrically optimized using the concept of functionally graded adherends to maximize energy absorption by ensuring that a load-bearing path is kept during impact, converting the impact energy into the plastic deformation of panels with variable mechanical properties, tailored to withstand specific load cases, fulfilling a gap in the literature regarding impact absorption devices that combines graded materials and bonded construction. The results obtained present an increase in the energy absorption values of the graded impact attenuators above 200% when compared to the homogenous materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Image: Volume 4 Issue 1","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/appl.202570001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202570001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Applied Research</i> is a multidisciplinary journal that focuses on bridging fundamental research and practical applications, supporting sustainable problem-solving and global initiatives. The journal covers high-quality research in fields such as Materials, Applied Physics, Chemistry, Applied Biology, Food Science, Engineering, Biomedical Sciences, and Social Sciences. Authors can submit various article types, including Reviews, Tutorials, and Research Articles. The journal aims to highlight innovative research that demonstrates the application of knowledge, methods, instrumentation, and technology into solutions.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202570001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Image: Volume 3 Issue 6","authors":"Tatjana Barthel,&nbsp;Laila Benz,&nbsp;Yara Basler,&nbsp;Thomas Crosskey,&nbsp;Alexander Dillmann,&nbsp;Ronald Förster,&nbsp;Paula Fröling,&nbsp;Camilla G. Dieguez,&nbsp;Christine Gless,&nbsp;Thomas Hauß,&nbsp;Michael Hellmig,&nbsp;Lea Jänisch,&nbsp;David James,&nbsp;Frank Lennartz,&nbsp;Jelena Mijatovic,&nbsp;Melanie Oelker,&nbsp;James W. Scanlan,&nbsp;Gert Weber,&nbsp;Jan Wollenhaupt,&nbsp;Uwe Mueller,&nbsp;Holger Dobbek,&nbsp;Markus C. Wahl,&nbsp;Manfred S. Weiss","doi":"10.1002/appl.202470601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202470601","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The spliceosomal protein-protein complex of the RNaseH-like domain of Prp8 and Aar2 (PDB group deposition G_1002241) is shown with 269 fragments binding. The fragment screening data collection was done at the F2X-faclity of Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin.</p><p>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/appl.202400110\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202470601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}