Applied Research最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis Strategies for Rare Earth Activated Inorganic Phosphors: A Mini Review","authors":"Sitender Singh,&nbsp;Devender Singh,&nbsp;Preeti Siwach,&nbsp;Isha Gupta,&nbsp;Pawan Kumar","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400190","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rare-earth (RE)-activated inorganic nanophosphors have garnered significant attention due to their unique optical properties and versatile applications in fields ranging from lighting and displays to biomedical imaging. The mini review provides a concise overview of recent advances in the synthesis strategies employed for the fabrication of these nanomaterials. Various synthesis techniques, including solid-state, sol-gel, solution combustion, hydrothermal, co-precipitation, and microwave methods have been discussed, highlighting their advantages and limitations in tailoring the properties of nanophosphors. Furthermore, the role of different rare earth dopants and host matrices in controlling the luminescent properties of nanophosphors has been explored. Future perspectives and emerging trends in preparation of RE-activated inorganic nanophosphors has also been discussed, with an emphasis on addressing current challenges and exploring new avenues for the fabrication of adequate and functional nanomaterials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionally Graded Impact Attenuator Using Bonded Construction","authors":"M. Q. dos Reis,&nbsp;R. J. C. Carbas,&nbsp;E. A. S. Marques,&nbsp;L. F. M. da Silva","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400261","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Automotive collisions are one of the major causes of death in the European Union, especially in childhood and adolescence. However, improvements in vehicle safety cannot be achieved only by increasing the size and dimensions of the structures, as this demands more materials and more costly manufacturing processes, which leads to an increased resource expenditure and lowered sustainability. Moreover, the increase of the structure size raises the vehicle's weight, leading to added fuel consumption, which cannot be accepted considering modern environmental regulations. To solve these issues, the application of bonded joints using the combination of several adherends materials, such as steel and aluminium alloys and fibber-reinforced polymers with crash-resistant adhesives presents itself as a novel solution, allowing to attain enhanced joint strength, energy absorption and weight reduction. The present works introduce a novel concept of an impact attenuator using bonded, geometrically optimized using the concept of functionally graded adherends to maximize energy absorption by ensuring that a load-bearing path is kept during impact, converting the impact energy into the plastic deformation of panels with variable mechanical properties, tailored to withstand specific load cases, fulfilling a gap in the literature regarding impact absorption devices that combines graded materials and bonded construction. The results obtained present an increase in the energy absorption values of the graded impact attenuators above 200% when compared to the homogenous materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Image: Volume 4 Issue 1","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/appl.202570001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202570001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Applied Research</i> is a multidisciplinary journal that focuses on bridging fundamental research and practical applications, supporting sustainable problem-solving and global initiatives. The journal covers high-quality research in fields such as Materials, Applied Physics, Chemistry, Applied Biology, Food Science, Engineering, Biomedical Sciences, and Social Sciences. Authors can submit various article types, including Reviews, Tutorials, and Research Articles. The journal aims to highlight innovative research that demonstrates the application of knowledge, methods, instrumentation, and technology into solutions.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202570001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Image: Volume 3 Issue 6","authors":"Tatjana Barthel,&nbsp;Laila Benz,&nbsp;Yara Basler,&nbsp;Thomas Crosskey,&nbsp;Alexander Dillmann,&nbsp;Ronald Förster,&nbsp;Paula Fröling,&nbsp;Camilla G. Dieguez,&nbsp;Christine Gless,&nbsp;Thomas Hauß,&nbsp;Michael Hellmig,&nbsp;Lea Jänisch,&nbsp;David James,&nbsp;Frank Lennartz,&nbsp;Jelena Mijatovic,&nbsp;Melanie Oelker,&nbsp;James W. Scanlan,&nbsp;Gert Weber,&nbsp;Jan Wollenhaupt,&nbsp;Uwe Mueller,&nbsp;Holger Dobbek,&nbsp;Markus C. Wahl,&nbsp;Manfred S. Weiss","doi":"10.1002/appl.202470601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202470601","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The spliceosomal protein-protein complex of the RNaseH-like domain of Prp8 and Aar2 (PDB group deposition G_1002241) is shown with 269 fragments binding. The fragment screening data collection was done at the F2X-faclity of Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin.</p><p>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/appl.202400110\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202470601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dielectric Properties of Pristine and Green-Synthesized Hematite Nanomaterials Vis-À-Vis Their Dependence on Porosity and Particle Size","authors":"Toton Sarkar,&nbsp;Sani Kundu,&nbsp;Ashis Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400147","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hematite is obtained using different concentrations of <i>P. tuberosa</i> flower extract. XRD and Raman studies confirm the formation of nanometric size (20–30 nm) and the corundum structure. Particle size depends on the extent of flower extract used for synthesis. Frequency and temperature dependent dielectric constant, dielectric loss, ac/dc conductivity and electric modulus have been explored. Large dielectric constant values (6 × 10³−40 × 10³) at low frequency under room temperature are observed. Dielectric constant (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>ε</mi>\u0000 <mi>r</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${{rm{varepsilon }}}_{r}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>) depends on frequency, temperature, particle size and porosity. The nature of the frequency dependence of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>ε</mi>\u0000 <mi>r</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${{rm{varepsilon }}}_{r}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> can be explained with the help of the Maxwell-Wagner-Koop's theory. Correlation between particle size and dielectric constant is attributed to significant lattice distortion resulting from reduced grain size. AC conductivity is analyzed with Jonscher's power law, and correlated-barrier-hopping type of conduction mechanism is proposed in these nanomaterials. Temperature dependence of DC conductivity confirms semiconducting behavior of hematite. Investigation into the electric modulus reveals that both electrical conduction and dielectric polarization are governed by a common mechanism. Present study explores into the process of crystal growth influenced by the plant extract and examines its impact on the dielectric property.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating Drug Discovery With High-Throughput Crystallographic Fragment Screening and Structural Enablement","authors":"Daren Fearon,&nbsp;Ailsa Powell,&nbsp;Alice Douangamath,&nbsp;Alexandre Dias,&nbsp;Charles W. E. Tomlinson,&nbsp;Blake H. Balcomb,&nbsp;Jasmin C. Aschenbrenner,&nbsp;Anthony Aimon,&nbsp;Isabel A. Barker,&nbsp;José Brandão-Neto,&nbsp;Patrick Collins,&nbsp;Louise E. Dunnett,&nbsp;Michael Fairhead,&nbsp;Richard J. Gildea,&nbsp;Mathew Golding,&nbsp;Tyler Gorrie-Stone,&nbsp;Paul V. Hathaway,&nbsp;Lizbé Koekemoer,&nbsp;Tobias Krojer,&nbsp;Ryan M. Lithgo,&nbsp;Elizabeth M. Maclean,&nbsp;Peter G. Marples,&nbsp;Xiaomin Ni,&nbsp;Rachael Skyner,&nbsp;Romain Talon,&nbsp;Warren Thompson,&nbsp;Conor F. Wild,&nbsp;Max Winokan,&nbsp;Nathan David Wright,&nbsp;Graeme Winter,&nbsp;Elizabeth J. Shotton,&nbsp;Frank von Delft","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fragment-based drug discovery is a well-established method for the identification of chemical starting points for development into clinical candidates. Historically, crystallographic fragment screening was perceived to be low-throughput and time consuming. However, thanks to advances in synchrotron capabilities and the introduction of dedicated facilities, such as the XChem platform at Diamond Light Source, there have been substantial improvements in throughput and integration between sample preparation, data collection and hit identification. Herein we share our experiences of establishing a crystallographic fragment screening facility, our learnings from operating a user programme for ten years and our perspective on applying structural enablement to rapidly progress initial fragment hits to lead-like molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEDOT:PSS Electropolymerization Protocol for Microelectrodes Enabling Low-Cost Impedance-Based Cellular Assays","authors":"Andrea Kauth,&nbsp;Joachim Wegener,&nbsp;Huijie Jiang,&nbsp;Vivek Pachauri,&nbsp;Sven Ingebrandt","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) is a label-free method for in vitro cell analysis in different research fields such as virology, cancer research, and stem cell research. In the ECIS configuration, the working electrode (WE) is typically much smaller than the counter electrode, thus the measured impedance between both is mainly dominated by the impedance of the WE. However, if the impedance of the WE is too high, it is challenging to detect small changes in impedance caused by cells attached to the electrode surface. In this study, we present an easily reproducible and cost-effective method to lower the impedance of commercial ECIS electrodes, and by this increase the cell contribution in adhesion assays. Hereby we deposit a thin layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) only onto the gold electrodes by electropolymerization and study the layer characteristics in detail. We compare cell-free and cell-covered impedance spectra of gold and PEDOT:PSS electrodes recorded with a low-cost potentiostat and analyze the ECIS spectra of two different cell lines in detail.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective on Dual-Tower Concentrated Solar Power Plants","authors":"Alberto Boretti","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400207","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of dual-tower concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, highlighting their key technical advantages, including improved efficiency and enhanced heat distribution. The novel dual-tower design, implemented at Guazhou, Gansu Province by Three Gorges Renewables, significantly enhances optical efficiency and reduces spillage losses compared to traditional single-tower systems. Utilizing molten salts or particle receivers, the dual-tower configuration offers a more efficient thermal management approach. A comparative analysis of various designs underscores the trade-offs between increased efficiency and capital costs. The paper also discusses the economic and environmental benefits, technical challenges, and future research directions associated with dual-tower systems, providing valuable insights into their potential to advance solar thermal technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Production Process Map and Safety of Millet-Based Fermented Beverage","authors":"Eric Owusu Mensah,&nbsp;Emmanuel Boakye Asare","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400166","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study aimed to develop a standardized process map to produce a microbiologically safe and consumer-acceptable <i>Brukina</i> beverage. Field interactions and observations were employed for the baseline data, while an improved production process was developed and utilized to produce a <i>Brukina</i> beverage. The microbial safety of the new approach was assessed by determining the total coliform, yeast and mold, as well as <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. A consumer preference test was conducted to validate the contribution of the improved and hygienic steps to the overall acceptability. The existing production processes for manufacturing <i>Brukina</i> beverage did not embrace Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) and as such, the resultant beverage was contaminated with coliforms and <i>S. aureus</i>. Moreover, the sensory characteristics including taste, mouthfeel, viscosity and overall acceptability, were negatively affected. The inclusion of food safety management practices and efficient production steps has a greater tendency of producing microbiologically safe and market-acceptable fermented millet-based beverages while safeguarding consumers’ health and satisfaction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Two-Dimensional Heterocovariance Spectroscopy and Data Fusion Level out the Inadequacies of Compact Spectrometers","authors":"Lukas Mahler,&nbsp;Christian Mayer,&nbsp;Martin Jaeger","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past decade, sensors and compact spectrometers have emerged as a powerful means for real-time monitoring of chemical and biochemical processes in the field of process analytical technologies (PATs). This is largely attributed to cost-efficiency and their robustness in near-line applications. In comparison to more sophisticated laboratory instruments, these devices exhibit limited sensitivity and resolution. In this study, a combination of near-infrared, low-field ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance and compact Raman spectrometers were employed for the process monitoring of the acid-catalyzed esterification of isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid to isoamyl acetate. The resulting real-time data were transformed and visualized for interpretation using two-dimensional heterocovariance spectroscopy. The data were also subjected to pretreatment, concatenation, and multivariate analysis in accordance with low- and mid-level data fusion. The spectral interpretation derived from heterocovariance spectroscopy provided support for the data pretreatment during data fusion. By applying these computational techniques, the inherent limitations of sensitivity and resolution associated with compact spectroscopic instruments could be overcome, thereby facilitating the interpretation of data and yielding further insights into the process under study. A comparison of the process parameters resulting from the applied methods indicated that consistent data could be obtained. This study demonstrates that heterocovariance spectroscopy and data fusion allow to enhance compact, less expensive analytical instruments for process monitoring and to acquire process knowledge. This, in turn, enables material, financial, and energy resources to be conserved.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}