Applied Research最新文献

{"title":"A Multi-Model Intelligent Assessment Framework for Temporary Median Opening Design in Expressway Reconstruction and Expansion","authors":"Jin Ran,&nbsp;Shiyang Zhan,&nbsp;Naitian Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaohui Sun","doi":"10.1002/appl.70225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70225","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In response to the lack of a systematic, data-driven evaluation method for the length of temporary median openings in expressway reconstruction and expansion, this study develops an intelligent assessment framework that integrates VISSIM based on microscopic simulation, CRITIC objective weighting, and four parallel assessment modules: TOPSIS, One-Dimensional Cloud Model, MDCM and MDFICM. Three typical opening configurations-lane reduction, lane expansion, and lane conservation-are evaluated under low, medium, and high saturation levels with opening lengths of 100 m, 200 m, and 300 m. Four performance indicators-delay, conflict rate, speed difference, and fuel consumption-are extracted from simulation monitoring. Cross-validation revealed that in the lane conservation scenario, all four modules unanimously recommended 100 m across all saturation levels; in the lane reduction scenario, optimal lengths varied by saturation, i.e., 100 m was recommended under low and high saturation, while 300 m was preferred under medium saturation; in the lane expansion scenario, all four modules consistently recommended 100 m under medium saturation, whereas recommendations diverged under low and high saturation; at low saturation, 100 m received the greatest support (2 of 4 modules) without a majority consensus, while at high saturation, 100 m was supported by three of the four modules. The parallel multi-module architecture effectively mitigates single-model bias by enabling cross-validation from complementary theoretical perspectives. The proposed framework provides a robust, data-driven decision-support tool for temporary traffic organization design in expressway reconstruction and expansion.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automation of a Train-Carrying Prototype Rail Detection System Using a Camera Sensor Technology","authors":"Heru Syah Putra,&nbsp;Ahmad Sugiana,&nbsp;Arie Vatresia,&nbsp;Wichai Siwakosit","doi":"10.1002/appl.70215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study discusses rail transport on the track provided by the rail, which has been a safety challenge. Accidents often occur when the lorry moves the train on the track, especially on bends in the rail, which causes the lorry to move incorrectly following the rail track even though it is controlled by the operator. With this research, based on the Z-cam E2-M4 camera running using NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX, which is a high-performance module for processing, this device will automatically identify the rail through image processing with the optical flow method, which is believed to be able to overcome track errors in real-time. This image-based technique is not just a simple technique but can function to recognize the railway mapping track by combining edge detection that transforms to isolate certain tracks based on the image sequence, thus keeping the lorry on track. From experiments conducted with a prototype scale on the installation of the train, the results showed an average success rate of 91.16% during the initial testing phase. A total of 10 tests were conducted using the same experimental parameters to evaluate the consistency of the proposed system. For clarity, the results of these 10 tests are represented in Section 4 by three representative track scenarios: straight track under low illumination, curved track, and straight track under high illumination, corresponding to different observation time windows of 00:07, 00:35, and 00:15, respectively. Across the subsequent evaluation of the 10 tests, the peak performance reached 96.7%. These figures are promising for a prototype at scale, although further field testing is needed to ensure the unit's survivability in real-world conditions, even in unpredictable weather conditions like those in Indonesia. This practical implementation is a first step toward addressing accident-related issues using optical flow methods, which are particularly useful in these situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritizing Risk Factors in Helicopter Ditching Using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process","authors":"Adenen Aziz,&nbsp;Roshamida A. J.,&nbsp;Hani Kalsom Hashim,&nbsp;Nurzaitul Zolkiply,&nbsp;Mohamad Abu Ubaidah Amir","doi":"10.1002/appl.70223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70223","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Helicopter operations in a maritime environment pose significant risks of hazardous situations and high-risk incidents, often forcing helicopters to ditch in an emergency. To understand the underlying causes of these events, this study uses a core dataset of 236 helicopter ditching incidents extracted from the NTSB database (2005–2022) to extend the previously proposed helicopter-ditching risk taxonomy by prioritizing the identified risk categories using expert-based Fuzzy AHP (FAHP). Consequently, this study aims to prioritize helicopter ditching risk factors using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) based on expert judgment. The methodology uses pairwise comparisons evaluated by six aviation experts with experience in maritime operations, Triangular Fuzzy Numbers (TFNs) to handle uncertainty, and a Consistency Ratio (CR) check, with only judgments below 0.1 included in the final weight calculations. The FAHP results indicate that System Failure is the highest-ranked main risk factor (weight 0.343), followed by Human Factor (0.275). Ultimately, these prioritized risk factors provide practical decision support for maritime flight operations by guiding targeted pilot training, improving predictive maintenance protocols, and enhancing operational risk assessments during emergency procedures, specifically benefiting active pilots and flight crews who routinely operate helicopters in maritime and open-sea environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A TOPSIS-Based Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Ro-Ro Short Sea Shipping Routes in the IMT-GT Growth Triangle","authors":"Amayrol Zakaria,&nbsp;Daniele La Rosa,&nbsp;Ruth Banomyong,&nbsp;Zaimi Zainal Mukhtar,&nbsp;Aminuddin Md Arof","doi":"10.1002/appl.70219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70219","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Roll-on/roll-off (Ro-Ro) short sea shipping (SSS) services have been determined to be an important mechanism in the Indonesia–Malaysia–Thailand growth triangle (IMT-GT) for creating strong maritime connectivity in the region and economic integration. There are still challenges on market demand, infrastructure readiness, operational efficiency, and institutional coordination for implementation of Ro-Ro services within the region. In this study, a combination of Delphi and TOPSIS-based multi-criteria decision making approach is used to estimate the feasibility of some of Ro-Ro SSS routes in the IMT-GT region. The Delphi assessment initially involved 34 experts from Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand representing academia, the maritime industry, port authorities and government agencies. Thirty experts completed the second Delphi round and constituted the final active panel used to validate the 19 evaluation determinants. The validated determinants were then applied in the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to rank the four Ro-Ro routes. The TOPSIS results ranked Belawan–Port Klang first, followed by Belawan–Penang, Dumai–Malacca and Belawan–Phuket. Sensitivity analysis also showed the reliability of the ranking results within varying policy scenarios. The results indicate the impact of infrastructure preparedness, financial aid and institutional cooperation as key factors influencing the viability of the regional Ro-Ro services. The study adds to the ongoing discussion on maritime transport by presenting the evidence-based decision-support framework for assessing maritime corridors in the region and provides valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders taking action to ensure maritime connectivity in the IMT-GT region.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Roofs for Passive Building Design: A Systematic Review of Thermal and Energy Performance","authors":"Peerzada Jaffar Abass,&nbsp;Mohammed Ibrahim","doi":"10.1002/appl.70213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70213","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global building energy consumption continues to rise, with roof systems playing a critical role in uncontrolled heat gain and associated cooling loads, particularly in hot and humid climates. Although phase change materials (PCMs) and nano-enhanced PCMs (NePCMs) have been widely explored for passive thermal regulation in roofs, the reported findings remain fragmented, with inconsistent performance due to variations in material properties, encapsulation techniques, roof configurations, and climatic conditions. This lack of a consolidated understanding limits their reliable implementation in energy-efficient building design. To address this gap, this study presents a systematic review and critical synthesis of PCM- and NePCM-integrated roof systems, integrating insights from experimental, numerical, and analytical investigations. The review specifically evaluates the influence of thermophysical properties, encapsulation strategies, geometric design of roof elements, and environmental conditions on thermal and energy performance. In addition, hybrid configurations combining PCMs with auxiliary cooling strategies such as night ventilation, reflective coatings, and radiative cooling layers are comparatively assessed to identify performance enhancement pathways. The findings indicate that while PCM-integrated roofs consistently reduce peak indoor temperatures and dampen thermal fluctuations, their effectiveness is strongly governed by conductivity limitations and melting/solidification dynamics. Macroencapsulation remains the most widely adopted approach due to structural feasibility, though heat transfer limitations persist. NePCM systems demonstrate improved thermal response and faster energy exchange; however, trade-offs in reduced latent heat storage capacity, long-term stability, and cost are evident. Overall, hybrid and multilayered roof systems exhibit the greatest potential to enhance passive cooling.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Fluorination on the Activated Biocarbons Synthesized From Gracilaria edulis Biomass Employing Various Activating Agents for Supercapacitor Applications","authors":"Dhileepan Priyadharshini,&nbsp;Singaravelu Vivekanandhan","doi":"10.1002/appl.70202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70202","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fluorination of the activated biocarbons synthesized from <i>Gracilaria edulis</i> (GE) biomass employing various chemical activating agents (FeCl₂, NiCl₂, and ZnCl₂) was performed effectively using hydrofluoric (HF) acid. The fluorine impregnation into activated biocarbon was confirmed through XPS analysis, which is found to be 2.3%, 1.0%, and 2.1%, respectively, for the GE-FAC-Fe, GE-FAC-Ni, and GE-FAC-Zn biocarbons. XRD and Raman analyses reveal the turbostratic structure of fluorinated activated biocarbons. Further, the synthesized biocarbon materials exhibited various functional groups (─OH, ─CH, C═O, C─O, and ─CF₂), which effectively promoted the electrolyte wettability. The fluorinated activated biocarbon materials showed the specific surface areas of 374, 307, and 324 m²/g, respectively, for the GE-FAC-Fe, GE-FAC-Ni, and GE-FAC-Zn biocarbon. The synthesized fluorinated biocarbon materials were effectively used as the electrode material for supercapacitor fabrication, in which GE-FAC-Fe biocarbon showed a superior specific capacitance of 137.77 F/g at 1 A/g employing 1 M KOH as electrolyte. Further, it showed a specific energy density of 4.59 Wh kg⁻¹ at a specific power density of 551.6 W kg⁻¹. However, it exhibits only 63% capacity retention over 5000 cycles, which may be due to the fluorine loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning-Enabled Occupancy Modelling for Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Building Operations: A Critical Review of Strategies and Future Directions","authors":"Norhafiza Mohamad,&nbsp;Mohamad Fani Sulaima,&nbsp;Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki,&nbsp;Nor Afiza Mohd Noor,&nbsp;Nur Laila Hamidah","doi":"10.1002/appl.70207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70207","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study of occupancy behaviour (OB) and prediction of building energy consumption is an important topic, while machine learning (ML) with the use of real-time data and adaptive algorithms has become more relevant. Although research in this area is rapidly expanding, each of the models developed so far still presents limitations in scalability and transferability to various building environments attributed to the differences in modelling strategies, data inputs, sensing approaches and evaluation methods. The current review studies have tended to be limited to a specific aspect of occupancy modelling (algorithm, sensing technology or control strategy) and a more comprehensive synthesis is needed that incorporates these in the broader context of energy-efficient building operations. This review aims to critically discuss recent approaches for modelling occupancy behaviour and predicting energy consumption using ML techniques and identifies their modelling approaches, modes of sensors, context of applications and methods of evaluation. Over 80 peer-reviewed studies were critically reviewed to formulate a structured synthesis of existing modelling approaches, compare their applications across different building types and identify methodological advancements and remaining challenges that hinder practical deployment. The results of the analysis suggest a strong trend towards non-intrusive sensing, hybrid and context-aware modelling, explainable and privacy-preserving artificial intelligence and the growing use of sensor fusion to enhance the reliability of the predictions. Meanwhile, there is a lack of model transferability, benchmarking inconsistencies, data heterogeneity and a lack of standard datasets, which hinders broader deployment. This review succinctly summarizes existing research and points out future research directions that will enable the construction of scalable, transferable and ethically responsible occupancy-aware energy management systems and can serve as a handy resource for researchers, engineers and policymakers. The results also show how the development of occupancy modelling leverages ML can support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), notably SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Graphite Silicone and Iron Silicone Structure for Efficient X-Band EMI Shielding Performance","authors":"Zeel A. Thaker,&nbsp;Harmeet Kaur,&nbsp;Sanket S. Patel","doi":"10.1002/appl.70214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70214","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with high attenuation, low weight, and mechanical adaptability are increasingly being recognized for their potential applications in microwave-frequency electronics. This study examines silicone-based composites filled with conductive graphite and magnetic iron powders for X-band EMI shielding. Graphite–silicone (GS) and iron–silicone (IS) composites were fabricated at 20, 40, and 60 vol% filler loading and characterized using a WR-90 waveguide and vector network analyzer within the WR-90 X-band range of 8.2–12.4 GHz. Unlike conventional mixed-filler formulations, this work employs a staged evaluation framework in which GS and IS composites were first tested individually and subsequently combined as two separate layers. The measured results show that both GS and IS composites exhibit absorption-dominant shielding behavior and that selected paired configurations provide improved shielding compared to several single composites. The improved shielding response is attributed to the combined effects of conductive network formation, dielectric relaxation, interfacial polarization, and multiple internal reflections within the stacked structure. The GS40–IS40 configuration showed a maximum (SE_T) of approximately 62 dB at 11.2 GHz within the WR-90 X-band range of 8.2–12.4 GHz. This value represents a frequency-dependent peak and should not be interpreted as constant across the entire band. This dual-composite silicone design concept represents a flexible, scalable, promising option for microwave EMI shielding materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpreting Non-Linear Compaction Mechanics of Expansive Soils Using Reliability Calibrated Framework","authors":"Farjad Aziz,&nbsp;Muhammad Waseem,&nbsp;Zeeshan Asghar,&nbsp;Megersa Kebede Leta","doi":"10.1002/appl.70205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70205","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) are fundamental parameters for compaction design and construction. Existing data driven studies treat these parameters as deterministic prediction targets and select models mainly from point estimate accuracy which limits their value for engineering decisions where uncertainty and reliability bounds are important. This study develops a reliable framework for estimating MDD and OMC in expansive soils using index properties. Gaussian Process Regression provided the highest MDD accuracy with R2 = 0.838 and RMSE = 60.84 kg/m³, while CatBoost produced the best OMC accuracy with R2 = 0.603 and RMSE = 1.844%. The results show a clear difference between the predictability of MDD and OMC indicating that dry density is better represented by routine index properties, whereas moisture demand remains more sensitive to mineralogical controls that are only captured by LL and PI. Jackknife+ and cross-conformal prediction produced 90% prediction intervals, with observed coverages of approximately 89% for MDD and 87% for OMC, allowing each estimate to be accompanied by practical uncertainty bounds. The proposed framework therefore extends compaction modeling beyond deterministic accuracy comparison by combining multi model reliability screening, MDD and OMC estimation, and uncertainty for initial design and construction quality control.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green and Hybrid Extraction of Chitosan: An Insight Into Sustainable Food and Health Applications","authors":"Nik Hafizah Nik Ubaidillah,&nbsp;Nabilah Abdul Hadi,&nbsp;Elham Taghavi,&nbsp;Gemilang Lara Utama,&nbsp;Ace Tatang Hidayat,&nbsp;Tan Joo Shun,&nbsp;Muhammad Fattah Fazel,&nbsp;Robi Andoyo,&nbsp;Mohd Nizam Lani","doi":"10.1002/appl.70203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70203","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chitosan is a natural polymer found in many products, including food preservatives, packaging, health supplements, and medical items. Traditionally, strong acids and bases are used to remove proteins, minerals, and acetyl groups, but this can harm the polymer and create hazardous waste. This review examines chemical, biological, physical, and combined extraction methods that aim to reduce or avoid steps that generate chemical waste while maintaining high product quality. Chemical extraction usually gives a degree of deacetylation (DD) between 25.25% and 99.5% and a molecular weight (MW) between 22.7 and 865.7 kDa. Hybrid methods yield DD values between 55.3% and 97.7% and MW values between 53.4 kDa and 500 kDa. Hybrid chemical-biological methods, such as those using enzymes or fermentation, lower the need for chemicals to turn chitin into chitosan. Hybrid chemical-physical methods, such as microwave or ultrasound, help move materials more quickly and reduce processing time to achieve the desired DD and MW. These results help create a model that links chitosan quality, cost, and production scale in a waste-to-wealth approach. This method turns shrimp-processing waste into chitosan, reduces disposal problems, and supports a circular seafood economy. High-quality chitosan produced can be used in food and health products, benefiting Malaysia's aquaculture and seafood industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}