Applied Research最新文献

Wavelet-Enhanced Deformable Convolutional Network for Breast Cancer Classification in High-Resolution Histopathology Images 小波增强的可变形卷积网络在高分辨率组织病理图像中用于乳腺癌分类

Applied Research Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/appl.70021

Albert Dede, Henry Nunoo-Mensah, Emmanuel Kofi Akowuah, Kwame Osei Boateng, Iddrisu Danlard, Prince Ebenezer Adjei, Francisca Adoma Acheampong, Jerry John Kponyo

{"title":"Wavelet-Enhanced Deformable Convolutional Network for Breast Cancer Classification in High-Resolution Histopathology Images","authors":"Albert Dede, Henry Nunoo-Mensah, Emmanuel Kofi Akowuah, Kwame Osei Boateng, Iddrisu Danlard, Prince Ebenezer Adjei, Francisca Adoma Acheampong, Jerry John Kponyo","doi":"10.1002/appl.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 The limitations of deep learning methods in processing high-resolution inputs can impact the accuracy and efficiency of their results. This study presents a new architectural framework that combines wavelet-based preprocessing with deformable convolutional networks to classify high-resolution histopathological images. Our methodology utilizes multi-resolution wavelet decomposition for efficient feature extraction which maintains diagnostically significant information. This improvement is augmented by deformable convolutions, which improve robustness against geometric transformations of the inputs. Empirical evaluation on the BreaKHis data set shows an image-level accuracy of 96.47% and a patient-level accuracy of 96.55% at 200× magnification. The architecture consistently performs well across different magnification levels, with particular efficiency at higher resolutions where detailed morphological features are essential for accurate diagnosis. Ablation studies support our key architectural contributions, including reduced computational complexity through wavelet-based feature extraction, improved geometric invariance via deformable convolutions, and better classification performance than conventional methods. These findings suggest significant potential for improving diagnostic workflows in clinical settings where pathological expertise may be limited.</div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Additive Manufacture of Architected Short Fiber Reinforced Composites 结构短纤维增强复合材料的设计与增材制造

Applied Research Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1002/appl.70020

Yiran Guo, Arijit Pradhan, Petra Jonson, Narasimha Boddeti

{"title":"Design and Additive Manufacture of Architected Short Fiber Reinforced Composites","authors":"Yiran Guo, Arijit Pradhan, Petra Jonson, Narasimha Boddeti","doi":"10.1002/appl.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70020","url":null,"abstract":"We present an efficient multiscale design to additive manufacture workflow for architected short fiber reinforced composites, that is, composites with tailored spatially varying, complex arrangement of fibers for improved performance. Our workflow encompasses: (1) multiscale topology optimization (MTO), (2) a unique dehomogenization algorithm, and (3) robotic additive manufacturing. Specifically, we used homogenization based MTO, which enables computationally efficient simultaneous optimization of the macroscale structure and the architected fiber microstructure. We devised a dehomogenization method based on the stripe patterns algorithm to translate the optimized designs into manufacturable print plans, while ensuring minimal deviations, for material extrusion additive manufacturing processes. We adapted this manufacturing approach to process short carbon fiber reinforced epoxy on both 3-DoF (degrees of freedom) Cartesian robots and 6-DoF robotic arms, two widely used robots for additive manufacturing. We demonstrated the workflow's efficacy through design and manufacture of a planar tensile structure and a nonplanar spherical shell, with mechanical tests on the additively manufactured optimized structures agreeing well with numerical predictions.","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reviewing Ferroelectric Nematic Liquid Crystals: From Fundamental Properties to Cutting-Edge Applications 回顾铁电向列液晶：从基本性质到前沿应用

Applied Research Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1002/appl.70018

Raj Kumar Khan

{"title":"Reviewing Ferroelectric Nematic Liquid Crystals: From Fundamental Properties to Cutting-Edge Applications","authors":"Raj Kumar Khan","doi":"10.1002/appl.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Ferroelectric nematic (NF) liquid crystals (LCs) have garnered substantial interest due to their unique polar ordering, phase transitions, and electro-optic (E-O) properties, with potential applications spanning from low-power reflective displays to advanced photonics and microfluidics. This review explores the multifaceted nature of NF LCs and comprehensively analyzes their phase behavior, alignment, and surface interactions. Notable findings include the nematic (N)-NF phase transition's weak first-order nature, surface treatments' role in inducing polar order, and meron-like structures resembling ferromagnetic domains. Furthermore, the review highlights the tunability of NF LCs under electric fields, offering exciting possibilities for adaptive optics, sensors, and actuators. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in optimizing molecular alignment, controlling defects, and expanding the scalability of NF LC technologies. By addressing key experimental and theoretical studies, this review aims to present a deeper understanding of NF liquid crystals' E-O responses, phase transitions, and their potential to revolutionize future LC-based technologies.</div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visualization Analysis and Impedance Analysis for the Aging Behavior Assessment of 18650 Cells 18650电池老化行为评价的可视化分析与阻抗分析

Applied Research Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1002/appl.70015

Yihan Shi, Qingrui Pan, Jitao Li, Xiaoze Shi, Youchang Wang, Peng Xiao

{"title":"Visualization Analysis and Impedance Analysis for the Aging Behavior Assessment of 18650 Cells","authors":"Yihan Shi, Qingrui Pan, Jitao Li, Xiaoze Shi, Youchang Wang, Peng Xiao","doi":"10.1002/appl.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 This work presents a comprehensive study on the aging behavior of 18650-type lithium-ion batteries, focusing on the uneven intercalation of lithium ions during fast charging processes. It introduces a novel approach using color visual recognition technology to analyze color changes in the graphite anode, indicative of lithiation levels. The study employs X-ray diffraction (XRD) and distribution of relaxation time (DRT) techniques to validate and analyze the observations. The study emphasizes the significance of electrode impedance, the positioning of battery tabs, and electrolyte distribution in influencing the aging dynamics of lithium-ion batteries. Furthermore, the paper presents an innovative impedance Transport-Line Model, specifically developed to capture the evolution of polarization impedance over time. This model offers a deeper understanding of the internal mechanisms driving battery aging, providing valuable insights for the design and optimization of lithium-ion batteries. The research represents a significant contribution to the field, shedding light on the complex aging processes in lithium-ion batteries, particularly under the conditions of fast charging. This could lead to improved battery performance, longevity, and safety, which are critical for the wide range of applications that depend on these energy storage systems.</div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling Studies of Microtubule Polymerization Promoted by Kinesin-5 Motors kineins -5马达促进微管聚合的建模研究

Applied Research Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1002/appl.70017

Ping Xie

引用次数: 0

{Silk@Hyaluronic-Acid} Hybrids: Efficient Antioxidants Against DPPH● With Resilience Against ●OH {Silk@Hyaluronic-Acid}杂种：抗DPPH的高效抗氧化剂和抗OH的弹性

Applied Research Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1002/appl.70014

Annita Theofanous, Yiannis Deligiannakis, Maria Louloudi

{"title":"{Silk@Hyaluronic-Acid} Hybrids: Efficient Antioxidants Against DPPH● With Resilience Against ●OH","authors":"Annita Theofanous, Yiannis Deligiannakis, Maria Louloudi","doi":"10.1002/appl.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70014","url":null,"abstract":"Antiradical, antioxidant agents are of great importance in health, materials, and technology applications. Usually, DPPH● are the radicals typically used as probes in the evaluation of antioxidant materials and technologies. Hydroxyl radicals (●OH) are also omnipresent; however, assessment of their pervasive role on DPPH●-antioxidants remains challenging. In this study, we introduce novel hybrid antioxidant materials with enhanced durability as DPPH●-scavengers, demonstrating high resistance to ●OH. The hybrid antioxidants were synthesized by immobilizing the two monomers of hyaluronic acid (D-Glucuronic Acid [GLA], and N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine [GLAM]) onto the surface of degummed silk fibers. Hyaluronic acid, a prominent product widely utilized in cosmetics and medical applications, is renowned for its biochemical and therapeutic properties. Silk, commonly known as the “queen of textiles,” possesses remarkable structural and mechanical attributes. The hybrid materials' hydrogen atom transfer antioxidant activity was evaluated through their reactivity toward DPPH● radicals. GLA@SFd@GLAM, exhibited the highest performance, effectively scavenging a total amount of 11 μmol of DPPH radicals per gram of material. All three hybrid materials demonstrated reusability, maintaining their efficacy in scavenging DPPH radicals over multiple cycles. The resilience of the hybrids, against hydroxyl radicals (●OH), was evaluated in-situ using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy. The materials SFd@GLA, SFd@GLAM, and GLA@SFd@GLAM retained their DPPH-antioxidant activity after exposure to ●OH radicals for up to two consecutive cycles of use. We discuss the physicochemical basis and mechanisms of the interactions of the {Silk@Hyaluronic-Acid} hybrids with DPPH● and ●OH radicals.","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cover Image: Volume 4 Issue 3 封面图片：第四卷第三期

Applied Research Pub Date : 2025-04-27 DOI: 10.1002/appl.70016

引用次数: 0

Rational Design of Single-Domain Antibodies Targeting the Central Nervous System Neurite Outgrowth Inhibitor Nogo-A 靶向中枢神经突生长抑制剂Nogo-A的单域抗体的合理设计

Applied Research Pub Date : 2025-04-27 DOI: 10.1002/appl.70012

Vaidehi Roy Chowdhury, Alexander Röntgen, Matthew Greenig, Yanira Méndez Gómez, Sebastian P. Spiegel, Magdalena Nowinska, Aubin Ramon, Pietro Sormanni, Andrew Chan, Michele Vendruscolo

{"title":"Rational Design of Single-Domain Antibodies Targeting the Central Nervous System Neurite Outgrowth Inhibitor Nogo-A","authors":"Vaidehi Roy Chowdhury, Alexander Röntgen, Matthew Greenig, Yanira Méndez Gómez, Sebastian P. Spiegel, Magdalena Nowinska, Aubin Ramon, Pietro Sormanni, Andrew Chan, Michele Vendruscolo","doi":"10.1002/appl.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70012","url":null,"abstract":"The oligodendrocyte-derived membrane protein Nogo-A is one of the most potent inhibitors of neurite growth and regeneration in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS). It has been recently shown that the administration of an antibody targeting Nogo-A promoted functional and histopathological recovery in animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke. Based on these results, this study aims to develop rationally designed nanobodies to target Nogo-A for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, as these antibody variants offer therapeutic opportunities for their small size and CNS penetrance. In the first step of our approach, we carried out computational and functional analyses of Nogo-A to identify targetable epitopes. We then rationally designed epitope-specific CDR3 loops and grafted them onto a pre-optimised human VHH scaffold to create a panel of nanobodies. These designed nanobodies were then screened in terms of their thermostability, solubility and binding affinity towards the target antigen to select the best candidate. In this way, we identified a nanobody that binds to an epitope within the ectodomain of human Nogo-A. These results indicate that the rational design method used in this study may facilitate the initial stages of nanobody development for Nogo-A detection and inhibition for CNS therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strengthening of an Edge-Cracked Plate Under Bending Using Piezoelectric Actuators 弯曲作用下边缘裂纹板的压电强化

Applied Research Pub Date : 2025-04-27 DOI: 10.1002/appl.70013

Sourav Pattanayak, Supriyo Roy, Prasanta Sahoo, Goutam Pohit

{"title":"Strengthening of an Edge-Cracked Plate Under Bending Using Piezoelectric Actuators","authors":"Sourav Pattanayak, Supriyo Roy, Prasanta Sahoo, Goutam Pohit","doi":"10.1002/appl.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Monitoring structural stability and repairing damaged components has grown in importance to ensure the safety and longevity of various engineering structures. This paper presents an innovative method for improving the performance and delaying the failure of edge-cracked plate-like structures by incorporating piezoelectric actuators during bending. The proposed method uses two piezoelectric actuators strategically placed along the plate's surface to create a counter-moment that reduces the severity of the crack. The analytical model was based on well-known stress intensity factor (SIF) solutions for the cracked plate, while the SIF after actuation was calculated with the counter moment produced by the piezoelectric patch. The superposition principle was then used to determine the total SIF after repair. The proposed technique was validated against the ABAQUS-based finite element solutions. SIFs are calculated for various parameters like crack length, patch thickness, and repair voltage. The results demonstrate that the integration of piezoelectric actuators significantly enhances the beam's structural integrity by reducing the SIF. A 21.48% reduced SIF was obtained under 200 V repair voltage for a 5 mm crack length and 0.5 mm patch thickness. Overall, this novel approach offers a promising method for increasing the integrity of cracked structural components, particularly under bending, reducing maintenance costs, and enhancing overall safety.</div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing Hydrogen Direct Injection to Overcome Design Challenges in Jet Ignition Systems 优化氢直接喷射，克服喷气点火系统的设计挑战

Applied Research Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1002/appl.70011

Alberto Boretti

{"title":"Optimizing Hydrogen Direct Injection to Overcome Design Challenges in Jet Ignition Systems","authors":"Alberto Boretti","doi":"10.1002/appl.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Hydrogen direct injection (DI) is a critical technology for advancing internal combustion engines (ICEs) as efficient, low-emission alternatives in a sustainable energy future. While high-pressure direct injection (HPDI) offers significant advantages in efficiency and power density—particularly when paired with jet ignition systems—it remains underdeveloped compared to port fuel injection (PFI) and low-pressure DI (LPDI) systems. This study identifies the limitations of existing HPDI injector designs, including insufficient injection pressures and mass flow rates, and emphasizes the need for single-fuel HPDI systems. A novel method utilizing cryogenic hydrogen warmed to ambient temperature in a constant-volume chamber is proposed to achieve higher injection pressures without added complexity. When integrated with jet ignition, this approach delivers brake thermal efficiencies of up to 50% across diverse operating conditions, far surpassing PFI and LPDI. The findings underscore the urgent need for investment in HPDI technology to unlock the full potential of hydrogen ICEs, enhancing efficiency, power density, and sustainability.</div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0