Applied Research最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Microscale Fabrication on Multi-Directional Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Poly Lactic Acid With Grid Infills","authors":"M. Abolfathi,&nbsp;F. Moroni,&nbsp;A. Pirondi,&nbsp;E. Bedogni","doi":"10.1002/appl.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In additive manufacturing, infill patterns have a significant impact on both printing time and mechanical performance, creating a necessary trade-off between the two from an industrial perspective. This study aims therefore to find an easy-to-handle procedure for rapid evaluation of the influence of infill density and raster angle on the elastic properties of 3D-printed components, from the perspective of their adoption in the industrial process of component design. In particular, the study's goal is to predict the elastic modulus in three directions. Tensile tests were carried out on bulk specimens according to ISO 527 to determine the elastic properties of 3D-printed PLA necessary for the numerical analysis. Cubic specimens were then manufactured with three densities (20%, 40%, and 60%) and two raster angles (−45°/45° and 0°/90°). Quasi-static compression tests were conducted on those specimens to assess their homogenized elastic behavior in three directions. One important result of the experimental phase was the relationship between Young's modulus (E) in the three directions. The average of E in directions 1 and 2 (build plate) is named E_1,2 and on the build-up directions is E₃, for α = 0°/90° was E_1,2 = 0.8E₃ and for <i>α</i> = −45°/45° was E_1,2 = 0.28E₃. Three finite element models were developed and run with the elastic properties determined by tensile tests, namely: (a) a shell model (SHL) where the internal and external walls of the specimens were modeled using shell elements with the nominal geometry; (b) a solid model (SLD) with the nominal geometry and (c) a nonuniform section model (NUS) in which the geometry was taken from microscope image to account for manufacturing imperfections. The difference between simulation and experiment for SHL was 19%, SLD was 15%, and NUS was 13%, indicating an overall good correspondence and, at the same time, that the real geometry resulting from the manufacturing process has a non-negligible impact on the homogenized value. Besides validating the values and relationships, FEM elucidated which sections of the cubes experienced stress and contributed to stiffness under various patterns and loading scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Image: Volume 4 Issue 2","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/appl.202570002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202570002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Applied Research</i> is a multidisciplinary journal that focuses on bridging fundamental research and practical applications, supporting sustainable problem-solving and global initiatives. The journal covers high-quality research in fields such as Materials, Applied Physics, Chemistry, Applied Biology, Food Science, Engineering, Biomedical Sciences, and Social Sciences. Authors can submit various article types, including Reviews, Tutorials, and Research Articles. The journal aims to highlight innovative research that demonstrates the application of knowledge, methods, instrumentation, and technology into solutions.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202570002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Sustainability of Wooden Wind Turbine Blades and Towers Compared to Conventional Designs","authors":"Alberto Boretti","doi":"10.1002/appl.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluates the environmental sustainability of wooden wind turbine blades and towers in comparison to conventional materials, focusing on lifecycle CO2 emissions, production energy, and recyclability. By analyzing components made from laminated veneer lumber, the assessment reveals that wooden blades can reduce CO₂ emissions by as much as 80% relative to traditional fiberglass and epoxy designs. Wooden towers, designed in modular segments, exhibit up to a 66% reduction in lifecycle emissions when compared to steel towers, along with improved transport and assembly efficiencies. These findings highlight the potential for wood-based turbine components to advance sustainable energy through reduced environmental impact and the use of renewable resources, offering a promising alternative in the transition to eco-friendly energy infrastructure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Bi2O3 Concentration on Optical and Gamma Ray Shielding Properties of BaTiO3 Ceramics","authors":"Ramakumar Nodagala,&nbsp;Tejeswara Rao Ponnada","doi":"10.1002/appl.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study elaborated on the influence of bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃, Bi) on optical and radiation shielding properties of Barium titanate (BaTiO₃, BTO) when added with different wt% concentrations. To study these properties, BaTiO₃–xBi₂O₃; x = 0,2,4,6 and 8 wt% ceramics samples were fabricated via solid state reaction method. The optical properties of prepared samples were inspected with the help of the UV–Vis technique. The absorption coefficient increased while transmittance decreased with increasing the wt% of Bi content. Samples show a decrement in indirect optical bandgap values from 3.44 to 3.35 eV while direct bandgap from 3.19 to 3.02 eV when Bi content increases from x = 0 wt% to 8 wt%. The other optical parameters, such as Urbach energy, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and dielectric constant, were also calculated. The FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscope) technique was used to identify the homogeneity in the samples. The prepared samples were tested at 356, 511, 600, 1173, 1275, and 1333 keV energies to estimate radiation shielding properties with radioactive sources 133_Ba, 22_Na, 137_Cs, and 60_Co. As Bi content increased in prepared samples, the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) increased. At energy 356 keV, the observed MAC values are 12.685, 12.983, 13.282, 13.58, and 13.898 cm²/g while at 1333 keV, the values noticed as 5.054, 5.066, 5.079, 5.091, and 5.103 cm²/g as Bi content increased from x = 0 wt% to x = 8 wt%. Both atomic cross-section (ACS) and electronic cross-section (ECS) were calculated. ACS values are improved from 9.825 to 11.1967 barn/atom while the ECS values enhanced from 3.8949 to 4.0226 barn/electron at 356 keV as Bi content increased from x = 0 wt% to x = 8 wt%. This similar trend was observed at other energies (511, 600, 1173, and 1275 keV) for all prepared samples. The theoretical values obtained from Phy-X/PSD software were compared with calculated values and found a close agreement between them. From results, it was clear that prepared samples showed enhanced optical and radiation shielding properties when Bi content increased in BTO ceramics.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Impedance Platform Based on Printed Polymer Electrodes for Automated Virus Neutralization Assays","authors":"Stefanie Michaelis,&nbsp;Anja Germann,&nbsp;Marcus Schäfer,&nbsp;Jannik Jungmann,&nbsp;Anne-Kathrin Mildner,&nbsp;Iris Riemann,&nbsp;Saskia Bast,&nbsp;Thorsten Knoll,&nbsp;Sylvia Wagner,&nbsp;Eike Kottkamp,&nbsp;Daniel Baasner,&nbsp;Boris Anczykowski,&nbsp;Joachim Wegener","doi":"10.1002/appl.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cell-based neutralization assays are of central importance for the development of new vaccine candidates as well as quality assurance of already approved vaccines. Suppression of viral infection by neutralizing antibodies present in serum of vaccinated individuals serves as an indicator for efficacy of a vaccine. Established readouts used to date are hardly automated, provide no time resolution and require expensive reagents. These shortcomings are limiting factors in vaccine development. In contrast, when virus-compatible host cells are grown on multi-electrode arrays, the cellular infection state and the associated cell response are assessable by impedance measurements. Unlike endpoint assays, the host cell response is followed continuously in real time, label-free and noninvasively. Here, a sensor platform comprising hardware, software and disposable electrode arrays is described suitable for fully automated cell-based neutralization assays tailored for high throughput screening campaigns. To develop cost-effective, disposable electrode arrays for impedance measurements, we screen printed film electrodes made from conducting polymers on the bottom of multi-well plates. The polymer electrodes were characterized for their host cell compatibility and readout performance in comparison to established gold-film electrodes. Hard- and software were tailored for robust and routine use in virological assays. Virus titration, virus neutralization as well as antiviral drug (Efavirenz) intervention studies were conducted using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotypes or the Env HIV-1 infectious molecular clones Ce1176 and X1632 as viral model systems. The assays showed very similar analytical performance in terms of titration curves and dose–response relationships for polymer electrodes compared to commercial gold-film electrode arrays and reporter-based endpoint assays. Considering their technical advantages over established assays, impedance readings based on low-cost polymer electrode arrays may become an attractive alternative to conventional assays using luminescent or colorimetric readouts.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open-Source Tools for Assessing Cytoskeleton Properties in Pathological Conditions From Microscopy Images: An Application Note","authors":"Magdalini Petrou,&nbsp;Andreas Stylianou","doi":"10.1002/appl.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cytoskeleton is a multiplex network of different proteins and filaments and is involved in a variety of important functions. Nevertheless, its deregulation leads to various diseases. Cells' cytoskeleton characteristics and structures can be accessed with image analysis tools. Our purpose, therefore, was to identify relevant freeware tools that can be used for assessing cytoskeleton characteristics from microscopy images and create an application note for them. The tools covered in this application note are the ImageJ/Fiji, FilamentSensor, and Ilastik software. These three softwares are presented and described regarding their uses, features and other characteristics, and examples of using this software for analyzing the cell cytoskeleton are provided. These tools might contribute to the advancement of biological research and the enhancement of therapeutic outcomes, particularly regarding pathological conditions, suggesting further development and adoption of open-source tools in the scientific community.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward the Automation of the 3D Robotic Coreless Filament Winding Process for High-Performance Composite Materials With Multiple Reinforcement Levels","authors":"Johannes Mersch,&nbsp;Danny Friese,&nbsp;Hung Le Xuan","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400145","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Robotic coreless filament winding (CFW) of high-performance materials in 3D geometries presents a promising avenue for advancing lightweight and civil engineering. However, the unique challenges posed by CFW necessitate the development of novel path planning algorithms. Traditional slicing techniques, commonly used in regular 3D printing, are inadequate due to the complexities of filament winding processes and the utilization of materials with exceptional mechanical properties. In this article, we propose an innovative approach to automate 3D robotic CFW. The key focus of our work lies in overcoming the limitations of conventional algorithms and addressing the specific boundary conditions associated with diverse applications. Our method builds upon Hierholzer's algorithm that is then expanded to accommodate the intricate constraints of CFW. We achieve a comprehensive path planning framework capable of navigating complex 3D geometries while optimizing the utilization of high-performance materials. This approach allows efficient and precise CFW, preserving the excellent mechanical properties of the materials. Furthermore, the generated path is automatically converted into a robot program. The procedure to automatically convert a designed part to an executable robot program can be used in various sectors, including aerospace, automotive, and construction industry. This facilitates the utilization of high-performance fiber composites in lightweight engineering applications in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Finite Pointset Method to Study Two-Way Coupled Transient Bio-Thermoelastic Effects in Skin Tissue","authors":"Jyoti Pal,&nbsp;Panchatcharam Mariappan,&nbsp;S. Sundar","doi":"10.1002/appl.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this research, we introduce the finite pointset method as an innovative approach for approximating transient linear thermoelasticity in biological tissue, addressing the complex interplay between thermal and elastic effects under three distinct shock conditions. Numerical simulations are performed to solve the coupled thermoelasticity equations, demonstrating the temperature distribution, displacement, and stress profiles within the tissue. The results highlight the influence of shock conditions on the thermal and mechanical responses of the tissue, emphasizing the impact of coupling parameter and perfusion rate. Numerical simulations are applied to several benchmark thermoelasticity problems, providing numerical results that validate the approach. Notably, our findings reveal the cooling effects induced by perfusion under both coupled and uncoupled scenarios and highlight the variability of temperature, displacement and stresses based on the coupling parameter. This work contributes to the field of biomedical engineering by providing insights into tissue behavior under thermal stress and offering potential applications in medical technology and therapeutic interventions. The use of FPM not only enhances the accuracy of modeling thermal and mechanical effects in biological tissues but also paves the way for advancements in medical technology. These findings have the potential to inform the development of new therapeutic strategies, particularly in areas related to laser treatments, thermal therapies, and other medical interventions requiring precise control of temperature and stress within tissues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Two-Dimensional Adaptive Whittaker–Shannon Sinc-Based Zooming”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/appl.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>C. Ciulla, B. Shabani, and F. Yahaya, “Two-Dimensional Adaptive Whittaker–Shannon Sinc-Based Zooming,” <i>Application Research</i> 3 (2024): e202400018, https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400018.</p><p>The Ethics Statement was omitted. The Ethics Statement should be:</p><p><b>Ethics approval, Consent to participate, and Consent for publication:</b> MRI acquisition was consented. Approval was obtained from subjects to use the images for research through the administration of written consent. The research protocol for MRI data acquisition was approved by the Department of Radiology at the General Hospital 8-mi Septemvri located in Boulevard 8th September in the city of Skopje—Republic of North Macedonia. This study was conducted according to principles stated in Helsinki declaration of the year 1964.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Unraveling Florfenicol's Effects on Splenic Histology, Erythrocytes, and Hematology of Healthy Oreochromis Niloticus Juveniles”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/appl.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A. Bardhan, T. J. Abraham, R. Das, P. K. Patil, “Unraveling Florfenicol's Effects on Splenic Histology, Erythrocytes, and Hematology of Healthy Oreochromis Niloticus Juveniles,” <i>Application Research</i> 3 (2024): e202400017, https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400017.</p><p>In Section 2, “Materials and Methods” the Ethics Statement was omitted. The Ethics Statement should be:</p><p><b>2. Materials and Methods</b></p><p><b>2.1. Ethics Statement</b></p><p>The experimental protocols conducted within the framework of the All-India Network Project on Fish Health received support from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi (CIBA/AINP-FH/2015-16). The research adhered to the relevant rules and guidelines of the Government of India, New Delhi, as outlined by the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA, 2021).</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}