材料科学最新文献

{"title":"Revealing and Engineering Assembly Pathways of 3D DNA Origami Crystals.","authors":"Aaron Noam Michelson,Jason S Kahn,Daniel McKeen,Brian Minevich,Daniel C Redeker,Oleg Gang","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c09008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c09008","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments in nanomaterial self-assembly demonstrate the capability to create tailored nanostructures by engineering both the binding coordination and specificity of interactions between material subunits. DNA origami frames allow for the design and fabrication of a broad variety of ordered 3D nanoscale architectures through self-assembly, facilitated by frame-to-frame bonds with designable strength and specificity. While the bond design is critical to lattice formation, the assembly process itself is often dependent on a thermal pathway. Highly ordered nanoscale frameworks, assembled from DNA frames, are predominantly crystallized through thermal annealing pathways that typically follow a \"slow\" cooling approach, with experiments on the time scale of days yielding DNA origami crystals in the range of 1-10 μm. This extended assembly time scale hinders the study of crystal formation pathways, necessitating a deeper understanding of factors governing successful annealing. Lack of insight into time scale also presents a practical limitation for material fabrication. Here, we investigate key factors affecting lattice assembly pathways and demonstrate that precise engineering of assembly conditions greatly reduces assembly times by up to nearly 2 orders of magnitude. We evaluate the nucleation and growth of crystals via optical and electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering techniques, mapping the time-temperature-transformation of superlattices from the melt through single-crystal optical tracking. The results show that origami frame assembly can be described by classical nucleation and growth theory, which can, in turn, be used to prescribe the growth of the crystals. Lastly, these findings are applied to demonstrate thermal pathway-dependent assembly, forming distinct assemblies based on different thermal annealing profiles.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From N-type doping to phase transition in large-area MoS2via controlled sulfur vacancy formation.","authors":"Jimin Kim,Jieun Kang,Hyewon Han,Sunjae Jeong,Siyeon Kim,Heesoo Lee,Hyoungsub Kim,Yongil Kim,Geunyoung Yeom","doi":"10.1039/d5nr03806e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr03806e","url":null,"abstract":"Precise and damage-free doping of two-dimensional semiconductors is essential for advancing their use in nano-electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, we present a controllable strategy for n-type doping and phase engineering of monolayer MoS2 by tuning sulfur vacancy formation using energy-controlled Ar+ ion treatment. This method enables selective top-layer sulfur removal without disrupting the underlying lattice, leading to enhanced n-type conductivity. Extended plasma exposure induces a phase transition from the semiconducting 2H phase to the metallic 1T phase, as confirmed by Raman, photoluminescence, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Doped devices exhibit improved electrical and optoelectronic performance, including higher on-current, carrier mobility, and photoresponsivity. Additionally, selective formation of 1T contacts at the source/drain regions further reduces contact resistance and boosts injection efficiency. Al2O3 encapsulation is shown to suppress surface oxidation during O2 plasma exposure, maintaining device stability. This work demonstrates that plasma-assisted defect and phase control offers a practical and scalable pathway to tailor the electronic properties of 2D semiconductors.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Self-Floating Solar Evaporator Based on Carbon Black/Polydimethylsiloxane for Highly Efficient and Stable Desalination.","authors":"Dengke Chen,Haifeng Zhang,Xiya Zhang,Kaiteng Zhang,Wenting Zhou,Huawei Chen","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c16790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c16790","url":null,"abstract":"The global shortage of freshwater resources is intensifying, prompting the development of solar-driven interfacial evaporation as a promising solution. However, the scalability of existing evaporators remains limited due to high costs, complex fabrication, insufficient stability, and poor salt tolerance. Traditional polymer-based Janus membranes also exhibit low mechanical strength and inadequate weather resistance. While some carbon-based or composite evaporators have demonstrated high performance, their large-scale application is hindered by expensive materials and intricate manufacturing processes. To address these limitations, this study utilizes low-cost commercial melamine foam (MF) as a substrate. Through sol-gel synthesis and spray coating, a Janus-structured CB-PDMS/PMF evaporator is fabricated by compositing carbon black (CB) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) onto the MF surface. The design innovatively employs a water-isolation method to precisely control the thickness of the photothermal layer and the flatness of the evaporation interface. The upper hydrophobic photothermal layer (P layer) absorbs and converts light, while the lower hydrophilic water-transport layer (W layer) enables capillary-driven water supply and self-floating capability, thereby minimizing heat loss. Furthermore, a surface-patterned honeycomb structure enhances light absorption via multireflection, and the Marangoni effect is leveraged to suppress salt accumulation, ensuring excellent salt rejection. Experimental results demonstrate that the optimized Eva-4 evaporator achieves a stable evaporation rate of 1.1 kg·m-2·h-1 under 1 kW·m-2 solar irradiation, with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 75%. It exhibits robust cycling stability, neutralizes strongly acidic/alkaline feedwaters, and produces desalinated water that meets WHO drinking standards. Moreover, the evaporator maintains high salt tolerance across varying salinities. This work provides a cost-effective, scalable approach based on simple fabrication techniques, advancing the application of solar-driven interfacial evaporation for large-scale desalination and wastewater remediation.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Metallic Back Contacts for Indoor Perovskite Solar Cells: Material Criteria, Recent Progress, and Future Outlook.","authors":"Yang Yang,Saveen Senanayake,Minh Tam Hoang,Jiaye Ye,Ngoc Duy Pham,Hongxia Wang","doi":"10.1002/adma.202512402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202512402","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a leading technology for indoor photovoltaics due to their high-power conversion efficiency, tunable bandgaps, and cost-effective fabrication. While significant efforts are made in optimizing perovskite absorbers and charge extraction layers, the role of back contacts (BCs), particularly non-metallic alternatives, remains largely underexplored in indoor PSCs. BCs critically influence charge collection, device stability, and overall performance under low-intensity indoor illumination, yet most studies have historically prioritized metallic electrodes, overlooking cost-effective, stable, and flexible non-metallic options. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of BC materials in indoor PSCs, with a particular focus on non-metallic electrodes, including carbon-based electrodes and transparent conductive electrodes. It begins with an overview of indoor PSCs, covering indoor light sources, perovskite materials and bandgaps, and fundamental roles of BCs, followed by recent developments in non-metallic BCs. Key challenges related to performance and energy output density, processability and scalability, mechanical flexibility and durability, as well as different types of BC materials, are discussed along with promising strategies for interface engineering, low-temperature processing, and material innovation. By highlighting this critical research gap, the review offers actionable insights into advancing efficient, stable, and scalable indoor PSCs for self-powered electronics and IoT applications.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"277 1","pages":"e12402"},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atomistic Simulation-Driven Design of STM Tips for NiCp2 Adsorption and Spin-State Modulation.","authors":"Nanchen Dongfang,Federico Totti,Marcella Iannuzzi","doi":"10.1002/smll.202508320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202508320","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the widespread use of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in atomic-scale investigations, the influence of the tip's atomic structure remains insufficiently characterized. This study addresses the issue by analyzing the electronic and magnetic properties of transition-metal-functionalized STM tips using both multireference wavefunction methods and density functional theory. The results demonstrate that strong electron correlations in transition-metal-based tips must be accounted for to accurately describe the structural and magnetic parameters involved-an essential requirement for the correct setup of inelastic and scanning tunneling spectroscopy experiments. By considering both minimal tip models and larger, more realistic pyramid structures, the approach balances computational efficiency with experimental relevance. The mechanism of spin-state reduction in NiCp2-functionalized tips is clarified, revealing the central roles of charge transfer, molecular distortion, and metal-substrate hybridization. Furthermore, selective substitution of the Cu apex atom in Cu(111)-based tips with 3d transition metals allows controlled modulation of the NiCp2 spin state. This provides a practical strategy for designing STM tips with tailored magnetic properties. Overall, the findings establish a robust theoretical framework for interpreting complex molecule-substrate interactions in spintronic systems and support the development of next-generation spin-polarized STM tips and molecular spintronic devices.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"101 1","pages":"e08320"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ferrocene-Engineered Bimetallic MOF Nanoflowers Boost Selective CO2-to-CH4 Electrocatalysis via Dual-Metal Synergy and Structural Precision.","authors":"Yan Xu,Yinggui Xia,Shuyan Fan,Wenyue Gao,Zhu Gao,Cuijuan Wang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202508771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202508771","url":null,"abstract":"Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to methane (CH4) is a promising route for sustainable energy conversion and carbon neutrality. However, limited control over intermediates and competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) restrict selectivity and efficiency. To address these challenges, a ferrocene-based bimetallic metal-organic framework MOF catalyst (NixIny-Fc/NF) with a hierarchical nanoflower architecture is developed, where dual-metal synergy modulates the electronic structure at active sites. Incorporating redox-active ferrocene units and optimizing the Ni/In ratio enhances active-site accessibility and tunes the electronic environment. Structural and compositional analyses, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), confirm that Ni5In3-Fc/NF possesses a 3D porous nanoflower morphology, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals electronic interactions between Ni and In. Electrochemical tests show that the catalyst achieves 76% CH4 Faradaic efficiency at -0.8 V versus RHE and suppresses H2 evolution. Ni5In3-Fc/NF maintains stability and CH4 selectivity over 16 000 s of electrolysis. Density-functional theory (DFT) indicates that the bimetallic interface reduces the energy barrier for the rate-limiting *CO formation step, thereby accelerating the CO2-to-CH4 pathway. This study presents a synergistic strategy integrating dual-metal interaction and structural precision to enhance performance and durability in CO2 electroreduction, offering insights into the rational design of high-performance MOF catalysts.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"41 1","pages":"e08771"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"May the target be with you: polysaccharide-coated upconverting nanoparticles for macrophage targeting.","authors":"Karolina Zajdel,Volodymyr Lobaz,Martin Ondra,Rafal Konefał,Oliver Moravec,Ognen Pop-Georgievski,Jiří Pánek,Damian Kalita,Bożena Sikora-Dobrowolska,Lukáš Lenart,Marián Hajdúch,Martin Hrubý,Marek Pruszyński","doi":"10.1039/d5nr01833a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr01833a","url":null,"abstract":"Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) based on β-NaYF4 doped with Yb3+ and Er3+ are promising candidates for multimodal bioimaging and theranostic applications, owing to their unique optical properties and favourable safety profile. However, their limited stability under physiological conditions and lack of effective cellular targeting continue to restrict their clinical translation. Here, we report a surface functionalisation strategy using hydroxybisphosphonate-modified polysaccharides-specifically mannan and inulin-to improve both colloidal stability and biological performance of UCNPs. Mannan with grafted hydroxybisphosphonate anchor groups formed a robust coating that prevented aggregation in phosphate-buffered and serum-containing media, while preserving upconversion luminescence. Crucially, the mannan-functionalised surface enabled selective interaction with mannose receptor (MR)-expressing macrophages (J774A.1), facilitating efficient cellular uptake as demonstrated by confocal microscopy and receptor inhibition assays. In vitro studies confirmed the high biocompatibility of mannan-coated UCNPs across a broad concentration range (0.5-10 μg mL-1), with no significant cytotoxicity or oxidative stress observed. This streamlined and effective surface modification approach yields a stable, receptor-targeted nanoplatform with strong potential for future in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic applications involving immune cells.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron Overlayers Facilitate Conversion of Al-Si Coatings to Intermetallics during Hot Stamping.","authors":"Jixi Zhang,Alexander Taylor,Ardhendu Shekhar Bhattacharya,Felipe Martinez Guarin,Kyle J Daun,Rodney D L Smith","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c17009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c17009","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum-silicon (Al-Si)-coated steel is a mainstay material for manufacturing ultrahigh strength automotive parts through hot stamping. The coating protects the blanks from oxidation and decarburization as the steel is austenitized in a furnace. It also reacts with the steel to form solid Al-Fe-Si intermetallic phases that provide long-term corrosion protection. However, the coating extends the required heating times due to its high reflectance, and, in its molten state, it can also impregnate the furnace rollers, leading to their failure. This work demonstrates a strategy to avoid these issues by depositing an Fe-rich layer on the Al-Si coating. The introduction of a second Fe source both increases the blank's ability to absorb thermal irradiation and introduces a secondary mechanism that accelerates the reactions that convert the metallic coating into the intermetallic layer. Cross-sectional Raman microscopic mapping reveals that the intermetallic phases grow from the steel/coating interface into the Al-Si coating only after the binary phase θ (Al13Fe4) converts to η (Al5Fe2) at 620 °C. With the Fe-rich overlayer, however, speciation maps show that the coating can be converted completely to solid-state intermetallic phases at temperatures only slightly above the Al-Si melting point. This strategy provides a promising new method to mitigate furnace roller contamination in industrial hot stamping manufacturing lines.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Interphase Engineering for the Development of Stable Anode-Free Batteries.","authors":"Ankit Dandriyal,Shubham Patil,Jennifer MacLeod,Dmitri Golberg,Chandran Sudakar,Deepak Dubal","doi":"10.1002/smll.202508811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202508811","url":null,"abstract":"Anode-free batteries (AFBs) are emerging as a safer and more energy-dense option for next-generation energy storage. Their simple design, lower material costs, and compatibility with current lithium-ion battery (LIB) manufacturing processes make them a potential game-changer. Unlike traditional LIBs, AFBs-often referred to as \"Li-free\" or \"anode-less\"-use a bare current collector (CC) as the negative electrode, which theoretically enables significantly higher energy density. However, challenges remain, including low Coulombic efficiency (CE) (often < 90%), quick capacity loss due to dendritic lithium (Li) growth, and formation of \"dead\" Li. This review overviews surface engineering techniques for CCs aimed at overcoming these challenges. The focus is on coatings that encourage homogeneous Li deposition, reduce nucleation overpotentials, curb dendrite formation, and stabilize the chemistry at the interface. Various coating methods are critically assessed, including inorganic, polymeric, and carbon-based layers. With mechanistic understanding and comparative analysis, this review highlights engineered surface modifications as a key enabler of uniform Li deposition and prolong cycle life. This review bridges the gap between materials science, focusing on surface chemistry, morphology, and interface design with electrochemical engineering principles such as cell design, ion transport, and interfacial kinetics, thereby guiding the development of next-generation AFBs.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"108 1","pages":"e08811"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photothermal Heating and Real-Time In Situ Luminescent Thermometry with Iron Oxide Core-Silica Shell Nano-Objects.","authors":"Farah Abdel Sater,Gautier Félix,Saad Sene,Udara Bimendra Gunatilake,Basile Bouvet,Tristan Pelluau,Erwan Oliviero,Albano Neto Carneiro Neto,Luís Dias Carlos,Belén Albela,Laurent Bonneviot,Yannick Guari,Joulia Larionova","doi":"10.1002/smll.202508497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202508497","url":null,"abstract":"In a world increasingly focused on precision and efficiency, achieving reliable nanoscale thermal feedback in nanoparticle-assisted heating presents significant challenges. It requires meticulous control over the morphology of nano-objects and the precise spatial arrangement of the heater and the local temperature probe, both of which are critical for accurate surface temperature readouts. In this work, real-time nanoscale temperature measurements are presented during the nanoparticle-assisted photothermal heating by using new nano-objects consisting of single iron oxide nanoparticles encased in stellate-like silica shells, loaded with a luminescent coordination compound, namely [(Tb/Eu)9(acac)16(μ3-OH)8(μ4-O)(μ4-OH)]. These multifunctional nano-objects act as efficient light-triggered nano-heaters and as ratiometric luminescent thermometers operating between 20-65 °C in water with excellent cyclability and good maximum relative thermal sensitivity of 0.75 ± 0.02% °C-1 at 65 °C and thermal uncertainty of 1 °C. Real-time in situ temperature monitoring via the Tb3+/Eu3+ luminescence intensity ratio during photothermal heating under 808 nm irradiation demonstrates reproducibility and reliable thermal feedback, highlighting its potential for advanced temperature-responsive applications.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"10 1","pages":"e08497"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}