FlatChem最新文献

{"title":"MOF-derived porous UiO-66-co₉S₈@NCNT nanocomposite for high-performance supercapattery systems and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution","authors":"Sohail Mumtaz,&nbsp;Hasan B. Albargi","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A ternary UiO-66-Co₉S₈@NCNT nanocomposite was synthesized as a multifunctional electrode material for asymmetric supercapattery and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) applications. The hybrid design integrates the structural framework of UiO-66, redox-active Co₉S₈, and conductive nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs). UiO-66 provides accessible porous channels for electrolyte penetration, Co₉S₈ contributes Faradaic redox sites and HER-active centers, and NCNTs improve electrical conductivity and structural stability. Owing to these synergistic effects, the UiO-66-Co₉S₈@NCNT electrode delivered a specific capacity of 1797C g⁻¹ at 10 mV s⁻¹ and 2559C g⁻¹ at 2 A g⁻¹ in a three-electrode system. The assembled UiO-66-Co₉S₈@NCNT//AC asymmetric supercapattery device achieved a specific capacity of 415C g⁻¹, a maximum energy density of 71.2 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 1723 W kg⁻¹, and 86.2% capacity retention after 5000 cycles. For alkaline HER, the composite required an overpotential of 260.45 mV to reach 10 mA cm⁻² and showed a Tafel slope of 77.11 mV dec⁻¹. The improved performance is attributed to the combined effects of porous ion-accessible pathways, electroactive sulfide sites, and a conductive NCNT network. These results indicate that UiO-66-Co₉S₈@NCNT is a promising multifunctional material for next-generation energy storage and hydrogen-production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101086"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148499903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered MoSe2-PEDOT nocomposites for eliminating peak overlap in the selective electrochemical detection of DA and UA","authors":"Shivam Kashyap,&nbsp;Kiran B. Manjappa,&nbsp;Anjana Sarkar","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precise electrochemical monitoring of DA in the presence of ubiquitous interferents, such as UA, remains a formidable challenge due to the significant overlap in oxidation potentials. To address this, we have engineered a high-performance, selective electrochemical sensor based on a MoSe₂-decorated PEDOT nanosphere composite, synthesized via a synergistic one-pot hydrothermal and in-situ oxidative polymerization strategy. The resulting hierarchical “nanoflower-on-microsphere” architecture effectively suppresses the inherent tendency of MoSe₂ layers to restack, yielding an expansive specific surface area of 27 m²/g and a dramatically narrowed E_g of 0.12 eV. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirms a substantial reduction in charge-transfer resistance (R_CT), indicating that the hybrid interface serves as a high-speed conduit for electron transport. Utilizing differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the sensor achieves a remarkable potential resolution, separating the oxidation peaks of DA and UA by approximately 260 mV, with a superior limit of detection (LOD) of 0.19 μM. Furthermore, steady-state amperometric (i-t) studies reveal exceptional kinetic responsiveness (&lt;5 s) and a reliable real-time detection limit of 0.31 μM, confirming the sensor's efficacy under dynamic flow conditions. The platform demonstrates robust stability and reproducibility under simulated physiological conditions, underscoring the potential of this MoSe₂-PEDOT hybrid for sophisticated neurochemical monitoring and advanced diagnostic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101085"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148499902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"YAO-encapsulated nitrogen-doped MWCNTs using for sensitive electrochemical determination of pyrogallol: a hazardous photographic developing agent in water bodies","authors":"Hemarani Annadurai,&nbsp;Pradeepa Selvaraj,&nbsp;Shen-Ming Chen,&nbsp;Mani Govindasamy,&nbsp;Zhen-Ping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrogallol (PYL), a photographic developing agent, is a toxic pollutant released into water bodies through industrial effluents. In this study, a Y₃Al₅O₁₂-N@MWCNT (YAO/N@MW) nanocomposite was synthesized via hydrothermal method and ultrasonication for electrochemical detection of PYL. The optimized sensor exhibited a wide linear range (2.4–321.3 μM), ultra-low detection limit (6.02 nM), and high sensitivity (0.4372 μA μM⁻¹ cm⁻²). The oxidation followed a diffusion-controlled two-electron two-proton mechanism. The sensor showed excellent repeatability (1.319%), reproducibility (2.43%), and stability (91.5% retention after 28 days). Real sample analysis in pond, tap, and river water yielded excellent recoveries (99.41–100.68%) with low RSD (&lt;0.55%). The superior performance is attributed to the synergistic combination of YAO, conductive N-doped MWCNT, and the strong interfacial interactions between the components. This work presents a reliable electrochemical platform for monitoring PYL as a pollutant in aquatic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101087"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148499905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach of CZTS thin-film solar cell with controlled molybdenum disulfide interfacial layer and indium tin oxide (MoS2–ITO) back contact","authors":"Kang Jian Xian,&nbsp;Norshafadzila Mohammad Naim,&nbsp;Iskandar Yahya,&nbsp;Abdul Rahman Mohmad,&nbsp;Jahariah Sampe,&nbsp;Masita Mohammad,&nbsp;Brian Yuliarto,&nbsp;Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman,&nbsp;Md Akhtaruzzaman,&nbsp;Yap Wing Fen,&nbsp;Muhammad Rizwan,&nbsp;Huda Abdullah","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The urgent need for sustainable and renewable energy sources has spurred extensive research into photovoltaic technologies. Kesterite-based copper‑zinc‑tin-sulfide (CZTS) has gained significant attention among the various thin-film solar cell materials. This study proposes an innovative design for CZTS thin-film solar cells incorporating controlled molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) interfacial layer at the indium tin oxide (ITO) back contact, as well as addressing the limitations of conventional materials and methods. In this work, Mo_{(1-<em>x</em>)}S_{2(<em>x</em>)} with varying sulfur (S₂) content (<em>x</em> = 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55 and 0.60 <em>w</em>/w%) were synthesized using sol-gel process and deposited on ITO substrates using a spin-coater. Structural, morphological, optical and electrochemical characterizations of MoS₂ thin films were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The optimal composition, Mo_(0.45)S_2(0.55), achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.512%. Despite the modest efficiency due to the ITO substrate, this work highlights the feasibility of MoS₂ as a controlled interfacial layer on top of ITO back contact material for CZTS solar cells, paving the way for more sustainable and economical photovoltaic solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101084"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148499907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser-induced zero-, one-, and two-dimensional all carbon composites for ultra high-rate flexible supercapacitor electrodes","authors":"Hani Porat,&nbsp;Asmita Dutta,&nbsp;Binyamin VanderWalde,&nbsp;Refael Minnes,&nbsp;Netanel Shpigel,&nbsp;Zdenek Sofer,&nbsp;Arie Borenstein","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we report a flexible, all‑carbon ternary nanocomposite electrode for ultra-high-rate flexible supercapacitors, synthesized through a rapid, binder-free, two-stage CO₂ laser irradiation protocol that simultaneously reduces graphene oxide and graphitizes carbon nanodots on a flexible stainless-steel substrate. The composite integrates three carbon allotropes of complementary dimensionality 0D carbon nanodots (CNDs), 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and 2D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) into a synergistic architecture in which the CNTs act as a conductive scaffold preventing rGO restacking and absorbing mechanical strain, while the CNDs bridge the interfacial gaps between the 1D and 2D phases and serve as a structural “softener” against bending stress. Through a systematic comparative study spanning five compositions and an exceptionally broad scan-rate window (20–10,000 mV s⁻¹), we show that the optimized rGO/CNT/CND10 electrode retains ∼40% of its low-rate capacitance at 10,000 mV s⁻¹ relative to only 4–6% for pristine rGO and ∼ 13% for the binary rGO/CNT at a scan rate at which most reported carbon-based flexible electrodes lose their capacitive signature entirely. The optimized electrode also exhibits a characteristic RC time constant of τ ≈ 11 ms (vs. ∼35 ms for pristine rGO), and maintains its capacitive response, minimum phase angle, and charge-transfer resistance under severe mechanical deformation. The electrode further retains ∼80% of its capacitance over 1000 charge–discharge cycles and preserves its voltametric response after 1000 bending cycles. The compositional control of the 0D/1D/2D carbon architecture thus provides a clear design route to flexible electrodes that retain capacitive function under both ultra-high scan rates and severe mechanical deformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101080"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148499787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double-perovskite-supported S-doped reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of fenamiphos","authors":"Vinitha Mariyappan,&nbsp;Santhiyagu Sahayaraj Rex Shanlee,&nbsp;Ja-Hon Lin,&nbsp;Rasu Ramachandran,&nbsp;Sarawut Cheunkar,&nbsp;Yong-Song Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising global population has increased demand for agriculture, making pesticides essential for crop protection. Organophosphorus (OP) compounds account for nearly a third of insecticide use, with fenamiphos (FMP) widely applied to control pests by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. Despite its efficacy, FMP and its toxic byproducts pose serious environmental and health risks, emphasizing the essential for rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection. Electrochemical sensors, particularly when combined with nanomaterials, offer a promising solution because of their high sensitivity, stability, fast response, and low cost. Rare-earth double perovskites, such as Gd₂CoCrO₆ (GdCoCrO), offer tunable electronic properties, structural versatility, high electrocatalytic activity, and excellent stability. At the same time, sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide (S-rGO) adds high conductivity, a huge surface area, more active sites, and effective charge transport. In this study, a novel GdCoCrO/S-rGO electrode material was prepared via calcination-assisted ultrasonication and characterized using various spectroscopic methods. Electrochemical analyses (EIS, CV, DPV) revealed less charge-transfer resistance, high peak currents, and minimal peak-to-peak separation, confirming its suitability for FMP detection. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to elucidate the optimized molecular configuration, frontier molecular orbitals, and potential electron-transfer active sites of FMP. The ordered GdCoCrO lattice enables efficient electron transfer and catalytic activity, while S-rGO nanosheets enhance conductivity and adsorption. Co<img>Cr interactions and Co<img>O<img>Cr linkages further strengthen electronic coupling, resulting in good sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response. Under optimized conditions, the sensor achieved an ultra-low detection limit of 0.002 μM and a wide linear range of 0.1–830 μM. Its real-world applicability was confirmed through the successful detection of FMP in bell pepper, lemon, tomato, and soil, with recovery rates of 87.3–99.5%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101077"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148499908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GO-PDA/HACC Nanofiltration membrane for wastewater treatment achieving dual optimization of water flux and dye separation performance","authors":"Yihan Wang,&nbsp;Yuxuan He,&nbsp;Zeshan Sun,&nbsp;Jingjun Wang,&nbsp;Hanlin Wan,&nbsp;Yibo Zhou,&nbsp;Yanxin Wang,&nbsp;Linjun Huang,&nbsp;Jianguo Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of the global dye printing and dyeing industry has led to a dramatic increase in the discharge of dye wastewater, posing a serious threat to aquatic environments. Graphene oxide (GO) nanofiltration membranes have received a lot of attention because of their ability to separate substances efficiently, but it is often difficult to balance water flux and retention rate in practical applications. This study introduces the use of poly-dopamine (PDA) and hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) in the composite modification of GO membranes, resulting in the successful preparation of an optimized GO-PDA/HACC composite nanofiltration membrane. The synergistic effects of PDA and HACC on the membrane's interlayer structure, surface properties and separation performance were systematically investigated. The results show that the insertion of HACC effectively increases the spacing between the layers of GO, significantly enhancing the membrane's water flux (up to 86.4 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹·bar⁻¹). Concurrently, its positive charge groups strengthened the electrostatic repulsion towards anionic dyes, achieving high rejection towards several dyes, especially MB, CR and RB, while maintaining moderate rejection towards MO. Furthermore, the composite membrane exhibits excellent mechanical strength, long-term operational stability and acid-alkali resistance. This study provides novel insights into the design of high-performance nanofiltration membranes based on two-dimensional materials and has broad application prospects in the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101083"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148499909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient removal of Cr(III) and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions using a new hybrid [magnetic graphene oxide/Dialdehyde Nanocellulose] adsorbent","authors":"Chaima Hassouna,&nbsp;Soumaya Agren,&nbsp;Jamal El Haskouri,&nbsp;Mohamed Hassen V. Baouab","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel ternary magnetic nanocomposite, DANC-[GO@Fe₃O₄], was successfully synthesized via co-precipitation and demonstrated exceptional adsorption performance for Cr(III) removal from water. Characterization confirmed the successful integration of dialdehyde nanocellulose, graphene oxide, and Fe₃O₄ into a stable, magnetically recoverable adsorbent. Under optimized adsorption parameters (pH 6, 25 °C, 6 h, 0.025 g adsorbent in 0.05 L of 250 mg/L Cr(III) solution), DANC-[GO@Fe₃O₄] attains a notable 98.72% removal efficacity in addition to a high adsorption capacity of 493.60 mg/g, remarkably outperforming non-combined magnetic graphene oxide and dialdehyde nanocellulose adsorbents. Cr(III) adsorption procedure follows pseudo-second-order kinetics (k₂ = 0.0226 g·mg⁻¹·h⁻¹, R² = 0.989) and displayed spontaneous character (ΔG° = −12.48 kJ/mol at 298 K). The equilibrium findings are better fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model (R² = 0.985, KF = 84.0 mg/g, <em>n</em> = 1.03), demonstrating multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. Moreover, DANC-[GO@Fe₃O₄] exhibits remarkable recyclability, retaining approximately 90% of its primary adsorption performance after six successive runs. Compared to Ni(II), DANC-[GO@Fe₃O₄] demonstrates better affinity for Cr(III) associated with its relatively reduced ionic radius (62 pm vs 69 pm) and higher coordination capacity with oxygen-containing functional moieties. The collected data highlights the magnetic material's promising capability as a competent, recoverable adsorbent for the depollution Cr(III)-contaminated wastewater.</div><div>Environmental Implication:</div><div>The synthesized DANC-[GO@Fe₃O₄] nanocomposite presents significant environmental benefits by enabling highly efficient removal of Cr(III) from contaminated water, thereby reducing heavy metal pollution and associated ecological risks. Its high adsorption capacity and reusability minimize secondary waste generation and lower treatment costs. The magnetic recoverability further simplifies separation processes, reducing energy and chemical inputs. By integrating sustainable components such as nanocellulose, this material supports greener remediation strategies and offers a promising, eco-friendly solution for wastewater treatment and environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101078"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148499789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative laser-assisted deposition of platinum nanoparticles onto the Ti3C2Tx MXenes and its application for hydrogen evolution","authors":"Vinícius dos Passos de Souza,&nbsp;Luís Marcelo Garcia da Silva,&nbsp;Márcia Tsuyama Escote,&nbsp;Sydney Ferreira Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen emerges as a key candidate in the transition toward sustainable energy systems; however, the development of efficient and cost-effective electrode materials remains a major challenge. In this study, we report a novel laser-assisted synthesis of Pt / Ti₃C₂T_x nanohybrid electrocatalysts with a low load of noble metal. The developed catalysts presented outstanding electrocatalytic properties for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). The Ti₃C₂T_x MXene is synthesized via a MILD route using an aqueous solution of LiF and HCl as an etchant. Pt / Ti₃C₂T_x was produced by dispersing the MXene in dimethyl sulfoxide and mixing it with H₂PtCl₆ (in the ratio of 1 and 2 wt% of Pt). The solution is freeze-dried and in situ photo-reduced using a 450 nm laser under an argon atmosphere. Microstructural characterizations by TEM reveal a uniform distribution of Pt nanoparticles with a diameter ranging from 1.5 to 1.7 nm, a narrow particle size distribution, and pyramidal morphology. Electrochemical tests, including chronoamperometry, linear sweep voltammetry, and Tafel plots, demonstrate an improvement in HER activity, with a marked reduction in overpotential, from −344 mV to −89 mV at 10 mA/cm2. Tafel slope of 90 mV/dec demonstrates fast kinetics. The investigated approach successfully produced high-performance and cost-effective electrocatalysts with low Pt loading on highly conductive and stable MXene substrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101079"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148499788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and challenges toward real-world application of CVD-graphene as transparent conductive electrode in organic solar cells","authors":"Mahdi Ilka,&nbsp;Michael S.A. Kamel,&nbsp;Mohan V. Jacob","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic solar cells (OSCs) have gained intensive research attention for their cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and light weight over traditional silicon devices. However, commercialization is partially hindered by using indium tin oxide (ITO) as the standard transparent conductive electrode (TCE) due to high fabrication costs, mechanical brittleness, and indium scarcity. Graphene TCEs offer a promising alternative with excellent conductivity, transparency, flexibility, chemical stability, and cost-effectiveness. Among synthesis methods, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) stands out for scalability, high-quality output, and thickness control, although challenges related to transfer processes, defect control, and large-area uniformity still limit practical implementation. This review evaluates graphene as an ITO-alternative, focusing on CVD synthesis. It highlights reported top efficiencies of OSCs with CVD-grown graphene-based TCEs and discusses key synthesis challenges. Plasma-enhanced CVD has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional thermal CVD for addressing some of these limitations, with recent advancements enabling the direct synthesis of graphene on transparent and flexible target substrates at lower temperatures compared to conventional CVD. Furthermore, practical strategies for improving scalability, uniformity, stability, and device integration of CVD-grown graphene TCEs for OSC applications are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101082"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148499901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}