FlatChem最新文献

{"title":"Growth of MoS2 films with vertical flakes via oxidative post-treatment of Mo precursor layers","authors":"Carlos M. Monzón-Somazzi ,&nbsp;Sebastián E. García ,&nbsp;Karen E. Navarro-Gamarra ,&nbsp;Eduardo M. Patrito","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sulfurization of pre-deposited Mo seed layers is a widely adopted method for synthesizing large-area MoS₂ thin films with uniform thickness. However, upon exposure to air, nanometric native oxide films are formed on the Mo surface. Despite the extensive work using thin Mo layers, the oxidation state of the precursor remains poorly characterized. In this study, we investigate the role of Mo precursor oxidation state on MoS₂ morphology using 10 nm Mo films on SiO₂/Si substrates sulfurized at 900 °C. Pretreatments of the Mo precursor layer included: freshly deposited Mo (having substoichiometric oxides), oxidative aging in air (yielding amorphous MoO₃), and reductive annealing in Ar/2% H₂ at 450 °C (producing Mo suboxides and MoO₂). Scanning electron microscopy revealed the distinct topographies of the resulting MoS₂ films: compact granular films from fresh precursors; vertical flakes with voids from aged precursors; and worm-like structures from reduced precursors. Spectroscopic ellipsometry modeling revealed the structure and thickness of the MoS₂ films: those prepared from fresh precursors exhibited a compact single-film structure with a thickness of 29.1 nm; films from aged precursors showed a single-film structure interspersed with void regions and a greater thickness of 41.6 nm; in contrast, films from the reduced precursor displayed a double-film structure comprising a compact inner film (12.4 nm thick) and a non-compact outer film (23.1 nm thick). We propose that the sublimation of amorphous MoO₃ and its subsequent redeposition as oxythiomolybdate complexes are key to the formation of vertically aligned platelets separated by voids. In experiments where mass transport to the gas phase was suppressed, the resulting MoS₂ films exhibited a smooth, compact morphology. MoS₂ structures with vertically oriented platelets showed significantly higher electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction than compact MoS₂ films. This study demonstrates that the surface morphology of MoS₂ can be precisely controlled by tuning the oxidation state and crystallinity of the Mo precursor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101019"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147400102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2D materials in photoelectrochemical cells: Opportunities for next-generation solar batteries","authors":"Rashida Batool ,&nbsp;Nazmina Imrose Sonil ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ahsaan Bari ,&nbsp;Adnan Khalil ,&nbsp;Nadeem Raza ,&nbsp;Mostafa E. Salem ,&nbsp;Muhammad Faizan Nazar ,&nbsp;Zaka Ullah","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continuously increasing global demand for sustainable and efficient energy solutions has intensified the interest of researchers in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells as promising devices for direct solar energy conversion and storage. However, typical PEC systems often bear crucial challenges, particularly limited light absorption, sluggish charge transport, and poor long-term durability. Recent advances in two-dimensional (2D) materials have brought transformative opportunities to meet these limitations owing to their exceptional optical, electronic, and surface features. This review systematically investigates the integration of 2D materials into PEC cells, focusing on their roles as conductive frameworks, interfacial layers, co-catalysts, photoanodes, and photocathodes. A comparative analysis of various 2D materials, including graphene and its derivatives, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), MXenes, black phosphorus, and 2D metal oxides/nitrides, showcases their structure-property-performance relationships. The recent breakthroughs in device performance and emerging strategies, such as heterostructure modulation and defect engineering, have been reviewed and summarized. Furthermore, existing critical challenges, which specifically include material stability, scalability, and charge recombination, as well as proposed future directions involving material discovery, smart PEC systems, and integrated solar-battery schemes, have been overviewed, and their perspectives have been discussed. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights that accelerate the development of next-generation PEC technologies enabled by 2D materials for advanced and smart photo-assisted batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101012"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147400104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the effects of heteroatom (Cl, S, N) doping on chronoamperometrically synthesized graphene oxides and their interaction with glyme-based electrolytes in sodium-ion batteries","authors":"MohammedMustafa Almarzoge ,&nbsp;Metin Gencten ,&nbsp;Gamzenur Özsin","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.100998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.100998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Na-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising energy storage devices, with graphene derivatives emerging as new anode materials. Chronoamperometry enables precise, mild synthesis of high-quality graphene oxide. Here, chlorine-, sulfur-, and nitrogen-doped graphene oxides (ClGO, SGO, NGO) are fabricated via a simple, straightforward, cost-effective, and ambient-condition method that does not require an inert atmosphere chronoamperometric method and tested as SIB anodes in an ether-based electrolyte. The utilization of diglyme as an electrolyte solvent improved the overall capacity and cycle life of DGO anodes, as diglyme is considered a co-intercalating electrolyte that contributes to the storage of Na⁺. Morphological analyses reveal that all powders exhibit a two-dimensional structure with uniformly dispersed dopant atoms. The single DGO electrodes show initial discharge capacities of ∼415, 733, and 952 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1C for ClGO, SGO, and NGO, respectively. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that ClGO, SGO, and NGO electrodes deliver reversible capacities of ∼78, 199, and 240 mAh g⁻¹ after 500 cycles at 2C (200 mA g⁻¹). After 100 cycles at 5C (1000 mA g⁻¹), they retain ∼90, 96, and 78 mAh g⁻¹, showing high stability. At 10C, reversible capacities of ∼125, 210, and 260 mAh g⁻¹ are sustained after 50 cycles. All DGO samples exhibit a mixed charge storage mechanism, primarily governed by capacitive control, with a minor contribution from diffusion-controlled processes, signifying rapid charge transfer and effective ion storage characteristics. These results highlight a simple chronoamperometric route to produce DGO anodes with excellent stability and capacity, providing a promising pathway for large-scale SIBs applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 100998"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imine-modified nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and metal nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization, DFT studies, plasmon-assisted nonlinear absorption, and broadband optical limiting properties","authors":"Anıl Doğan ,&nbsp;Elif Akhüseyin Yıldız ,&nbsp;Huseyin Unver ,&nbsp;Bahadir Boyacioglu ,&nbsp;Mustafa Yıldız ,&nbsp;Ayhan Elmali ,&nbsp;Ahmet Karatay","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyethyleneimine (PEI)-functionalized nitrogen (N)-doped graphene quantum dots (PEI N-GQDs), their Schiff base-modified imine derivatives (Schiff-PEI N-GQDs), and related metal nanoparticle (Ag, Mn, Co) nanocomposites were synthesized to investigate their broadband nonlinear optical (NLO) and optical limiting (OL) properties. Imine functionalization and metal integration significantly modulate the excited-state dynamics and charge transfer properties of GQDs. While CoNPs/PEI N-GQDs and MnNPs/PEI N-GQDs systems exhibit photoluminescence profiles similar to those of pure PEI N-GQDs, AgNPs bound to 4,6-dimethoxysalicylaldehyde-modified PEI N-GQDs exhibit pronounced fluorescence quenching due to strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). This mechanism has been confirmed by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. The analysis of femto- and pico-second <em>Z</em>-scan measurements has revealed a range of distinct nonlinear absorption (NA) mechanisms, with the variation in these mechanisms occurring in accordance with the wavelength, extending from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared region (400–1200 nm). AgNPs/4,6-DIMETSAL-PEI N-GQDs exhibit superior NA behavior attributed to plasmonic field enhancement and the lowest OL thresholds at 400 nm; MnNPs/PEI N-GQDs exhibit dominant NA in the near-infrared region due to defect-state-supported multi-photon absorption processes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal increased polarizability, high dipole moment, and electronic stability in the AgNP-based Schiff base system, supporting the experimentally observed strong NA behavior. These results provide a clear structure-property-mechanism relationship for the design of GQD-based nanocomposites with wavelength-selective OL performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101016"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive 3D bioprinted N,S-graphene quantum dot reinforced Nanocellulose/Fucoidan scaffolds for wound healing","authors":"Fatih Ciftci ,&nbsp;Mika Sillanpää","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of printable bioinks that simultaneously possess superior rheological fidelity and multi-functional bioactivity remains a critical challenge in extrusion-based 3D bioprinting for tissue engineering. Herein, we engineered a novel nanocomposite hydrogel scaffold comprising a structural Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) backbone and a bioactive Fucoidan (FUC) matrix, reinforced with hydrothermally synthesized Nitrogen and Sulfur co-doped Graphene Quantum Dots (N,S-GQDs). Comprehensive physicochemical characterization confirmed the successful integration of ultrasmall (∼9.28 nm), crystalline N,S-GQDs into the polymer network. Rheological analysis revealed that the incorporation of GQDs significantly modulated the viscoelastic properties; all formulations exhibited characteristic non-Newtonian pseudoplastic (shear-thinning) behavior beneficial for extrusion, while the storage modulus (<em>G'</em>) consistently dominated the loss modulus (<em>G\"</em>) across the frequency range, indicating the formation of a stable, solid-like gel structure with enhanced shape fidelity post-printing. Beyond mechanical reinforcement, the nanocomposites demonstrated exceptional biological functionality. The optimized scaffolds exhibited potent, dose-dependent antibacterial activity against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, alongside a significant anti-inflammatory efficacy characterized by a 78.4% inhibition of protein denaturation. In vitro biological assessments revealed a transition from passive biocompatibility to active regeneration; the scaffolds induced a remarkable proliferative response in L929 fibroblasts, with cell viability exceeding 140% over 14 days. Furthermore, in a proliferation-independent scratch assay, the GQD-functionalized hydrogels significantly accelerated fibroblast migration, achieving near-complete wound closure (99.8%) within 48 h compared to 55.3% in the control group. These findings collectively establish the 3D printed CNF/FUC/N,S-GQD hydrogels as a robust, rheologically tunable, and bioactive “all-in-one” platform for advanced wound healing strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101008"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Directional spin seebeck effect and high-temperature spin caloritronic performance in Janus altermagnet Cr₂SeO monolayer","authors":"Abdullah,&nbsp;Imran Khan,&nbsp;Timothy M. Ashani,&nbsp;Jisang Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Altermagnets, characterized by compensated magnetic order and spin-split electronic states even without spin–orbit coupling, have emerged as promising candidates for generating highly spin-polarized currents. Here, we investigate the spin-dependent thermoelectric properties of the Janus Cr₂SeO monolayer. The system is dynamically and thermodynamically stable, exhibiting an antiferromagnetic ground state with a Néel temperature of 425 K. The spin-polarized band structure reveals a direct band gap of 1.02 eV and a significant altermagnetic spin splitting of 0.65 eV, enabling strong spin-dependent transport. The electrical conductivity (27.51 × 10⁴ Ω⁻¹ m⁻¹) and electronic thermal conductivity (2.1 Wm⁻¹ K⁻¹) at 300 K confirm the strong spin-directional transport asymmetry. Moreover, the material exhibits an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of 0.042 Wm⁻¹ K⁻¹ and large spin-dependent directional Seebeck coefficients of 2.2 mV/K (spin) and 1.8 mV/K (charge), yielding a spin-dependent directional ZT value of 0.72. These results identify Cr₂SeO as a promising altermagnetic semiconductor for efficient spin-caloritronic and thermoelectric applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101013"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering nano and sub-nanochannels in two dimensional membranes for enhanced CO2 capture: progress, challenges, and prospects","authors":"Grandprix T.M. Kadja ,&nbsp;Early Z. Alharissa ,&nbsp;K. Khoiruddin ,&nbsp;Nicholaus Prasetya ,&nbsp;Wei-Song Hung ,&nbsp;I.G. Wenten","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of nano and sub-nanochannels in membrane applications has gained a lot of attention due to these unique dimensions and promising functional properties. The nano and sub-nanochannels applied in various two-dimensional materials (2D materials) have been discussed in this recount as well as their main characters in membrane separation for CO₂ capture. Furthermore, the fundamental concept of nano- and sub-nanochannels was also elaborated in relation to the 2D materials. It would be an important aspect for executing the CO₂ gas separation, which also explains its mechanism comprehensively. Not only considering material properties, but also the future outlook in computational and simulation modelling on the nano and sub-nanochannels 2D materials-based membranes are also investigated, as giving bridging tools to enhance the degree of effective and efficient materials discovery. In addition, this review would provide a clear view of engineering techniques on nano and sub-nanochannels in various 2D materials, including graphene oxide (GO), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolites, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and MXenes, together with their actual application as CO₂ separation membranes. Finally, the prospects, challenges, and upcoming direction of nano and sub-nanochannels in membrane application for CO₂ capture have also evolved to gain more extensive ideas and employ mature technology and broaden the real application of nano and sub-nanochannels in various 2D materials as an effective CO₂ capture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101006"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Engineering of Reduced Graphene Oxide-MXene Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Sustainable and Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Immunodetection of CYFRA21-1","authors":"Shivam Saini ,&nbsp;Damini Verma ,&nbsp;Gopinath Packirisamy","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral cancer is a chief global health concern due to delayed diagnosis and a lack of accessible screening tools. CYFRA 21-1, a fragment of cytokeratin-19, is a clinically established OSCC biomarker, and its salivary detection enables non-invasive early diagnosis and monitoring. Hence, this work reports the fabrication of an innovative electrochemical immunosensor based nanocomposite hydrogel comprising reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and titanium carbide MXene (Ti₃C₂), employing an eco-friendly and greener L-Cysteine (L-Cys) as a functionalizing as well as cross-linking agent. The hydrogels were synthesized in three varying ratios using GO: Ti₃C₂: L-Cysteine as precursor such as 1:1:1, 1:1:5, and 5:5:1 and characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, UV–Vis, XPS, BET and electrochemical techniques. Out of the three ratios, the 5:5:1 composition showed optimal electrochemical and morphological properties and was integrated onto a carbon screen-printed electrode cSPE to develop L-Cys_rGO_MXene_hydrogel/cSPE. The anti-CYFRA 21-1 antibodies were immobilized on the biosensor utiling EDC-NHS chemistry and further blocked with BSA. Electrochemical analysis using DPV demonstrated ultrasensitive [57 μA [log₁₀(ng/mL)]⁻¹ cm⁻²] CYFRA 21-1 detection with a 0.005 ng/mL detection limit, and a linear detection range from 0.098to 100 ng/mL. The biosensor showed high specificity, reproducibility, and minimal interference from salivary biomolecules. Validation with spiked artificial saliva using standard addition technique confirmed diagnostic performance showing acceptable %RSD from 0.12%–4.55%. This work, therefore, establishes a portable, biocompatible, and scalable immunosensor for non-invasive, point-of-care (POC) OSCC diagnostics, especially in resource-limited settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101009"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved electrical conductivity of graphene oxide/MXene nanocomposites through interfacial Ti-O-C covalent bonding","authors":"Swati Singh,&nbsp;Saicharan Dharavath,&nbsp;Supriya Kodali,&nbsp;Asif Raza,&nbsp;Raj Kishora Dash","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene Oxide (GO)/ MXene multilayer composites were synthesized by using a vacuum filtration method, with varying proportions of GO to MXene (1:1, 2:1, 3:1). The structural and morphological characteristics of the composites were examined via X-ray diffraction (XRD), which indicated a reduction in interlayer spacing with increasing GO concentration. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) further showed that the GO and MXene sheets formed a cohesive layer, indicating strong interlayer interactions. Comprehensive material characterization was performed using Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), providing insights into the functional groups and bonding mechanisms affecting composite properties. The electrical and thermal properties results revealed that electrical conductivity increases with higher GO content, while thermal conductivity decreases. The presence of functional groups on GO and MXene, as well as the hydrogen bonding between GO and MXenes layers plays a significant role in determining the overall properties of the nanocomposites. This work highlights the potential of GO/MXene composites in applications requiring tunable electrical and thermal properties, driven by their proportion-dependent behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101011"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding structure-property relationships in graphene oxide-coated polymer membranes: The impact of flake size on dye and salt rejection","authors":"James M. Exley ,&nbsp;Timothy N. Hunter ,&nbsp;Fan Fei ,&nbsp;Thomas Pugh ,&nbsp;Martin R. Tillotson","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene oxide (GO) membranes were fabricated using vacuum filtration and their performance in the removal of dye and salts from effluent was investigated. GO flake size is thought to influence the performance of composite membrane systems. Using smaller flake GO (SFGO) and larger flake GO (LFGO) systems, filtration studies demonstrated that both cationic Methylene Blue (MB) and anionic Methyl Orange (MO) could be effectively removed from water effectively using both systems. The highest removal rates of both dyes were achieved by the 0.10 mg/mL SFGO coating, rejecting 86.4% MB and 87.8% MO, at 2 bar with 5 mg/L dyes. For both GOs, the removal of MO was higher overall, which was attributed to electrostatic repulsion between the like-charged GO and dye. MB was found to adsorb strongly onto the GO coating. Desalination of NaCl, Na₂SO₄, MgSO₄ and (NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄ was found moderately successful, with performance degrading significantly with permeated volume. This behaviour was attributed to the Donnan Effect and expansion of GO interlayer spacing, due to the intercalation of water molecules. The presence of Na₂SO₄ and MgSO₄ in MB was demonstrated to degrade both flux and dye rejection capability of both GOs, due to the neutralisation of the electronegativity driven by the salt cations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101017"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147400101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}