Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138962
Jinshuo Tang , Fan Yang , Yunteng Liu , Meifang Wang , Jixue Zhou
{"title":"A high-strength and high-elongation soluble Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr-Cu alloy for fracturing tool fabrication","authors":"Jinshuo Tang , Fan Yang , Yunteng Liu , Meifang Wang , Jixue Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing soluble magnesium alloys with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties is key for shale oil/gas fracturing tools. In this study, Mg-7.3Gd-3.0Y-1.0Zn-0.2Zr-xCu (x = 0.2–1.8 wt%) alloys were prepared via direct cooling casting and extrusion. They exhibited a tensile yield strength (TYS) of over 325 MPa and an elongation (EL) of over 13.8 %, mainly due to their fine grain size (≈50 µm) from dynamic recrystallization at the relatively low extrusion temperature (400 °C). As Cu content rose, corrosion rate increased, yet mechanical properties stayed stable. The Mg-7.3Gd-3.0Y-1.0Zn-0.2Zr-1.2Cu alloy showed the best properties: a TYS of 349.6 MPa, an EL of 14.3 %, and a corrosion rate of 783.7 mm/year in 3 wt% KCl at 93 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138962"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138964
Qianhui Wu , Xiaodian Yan , Zhongzhi Yao , Zhaoyun Wang , Jianin Guo , Bo Yang , Haoyin Wang , Zhijian Liao , Shengkui Zhong , Jiequn Liu
{"title":"Synthesis of CoCu bimetal organic frameworks for oxygen reduction reactions","authors":"Qianhui Wu , Xiaodian Yan , Zhongzhi Yao , Zhaoyun Wang , Jianin Guo , Bo Yang , Haoyin Wang , Zhijian Liao , Shengkui Zhong , Jiequn Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing low-cost and high-performance electrocatalysts to enhance the kinetics of the oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER) is crucial for energy devices, such as metal-air batteries. In this study, a pyrolysis-free method was used to prepare a series of CoCu-bimetallic organic Frameworks (CoCu-BMOFs) electrocatalysts via cooparetion of cobalt (Co) and copper (Cu) ions with 1,2,4-triazoles. The optimal Co<sub>6</sub>Cu<sub>4</sub>-BMOFs exhibited inferier ORR and OER activities in half cell comparing to commercial Pt/C + RuO<sub>2</sub>, but the maximum power density of Co<sub>4</sub>Cu<sub>6</sub>-BMOFs (268.35 mW cm<sup>−2</sup>) in Zn-air battery surpassed that of Pt/C + RuO<sub>2</sub> (214.65 mW cm<sup>−2</sup>). Such enhancement could be attributed to the CoCu-tunable ratio in BMOFs, effectively activating the synergistic effects of Co-N<sub>x</sub> and Cu-N<sub>x</sub>, leading to a improved ORR/OER electrocatalytic activity. Our findings regarding the synergistic bimetallic active sites might offer a valuable path for the development of M−N<sub>x</sub> electrocatalysts in pyrolysis-free strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138963
Meng Wang, Zhuangzhuang Yang, Lu Lu, Debao Xiao
{"title":"Effect of carboxyl moiety on the electrochromic properties of 1,1′-dibenzyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salt","authors":"Meng Wang, Zhuangzhuang Yang, Lu Lu, Debao Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viologen exhibits excellent comprehensive electrochromic properties including optical contrast, coloration efficiency, response time and cycling stability. Herein, the electrochromic properties of 1,1′-bis(4-carboxyl-benzyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium<!--> <!-->dibromide were examined <em>via</em> introducing carboxyl moiety onto benzyl group. The solutions of this compound and benzyl viologen were sandwiched into electrochromic devices and their electrochromic properties were compared. We found that carboxylic moiety facilitates benzyl viologen to exhibit increased coloration efficiency up to 165.9 cm<sup>2</sup>/C with comparison to that of 131.6 cm<sup>2</sup>/C without this group. The optical contrast, ΔT, reaches up to 74.6 % for the carboxylic product while that of 61.3 % was obtained without this group. The optical contrast of carboxylic product monitored at 607 nm for 1000 cycles retained 93.3 % of its initial value, which is larger than that of 69.8 % without modification, indicating that the cycling stability is enhanced by carboxylic moiety. This work demonstrated that carboxylic group can improve the overall electrochromic performance of benzyl viologen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138958
Wenlong Liu , Chen Zhang , Yizhuo Zhang , Zhipeng Sun , Yaolin Zhao , Chenyang Lu , Tan Shi , Fanqiang Meng , Yuanming Li
{"title":"Energetic stability of small defect clusters in α-zirconium by first-principles calculation","authors":"Wenlong Liu , Chen Zhang , Yizhuo Zhang , Zhipeng Sun , Yaolin Zhao , Chenyang Lu , Tan Shi , Fanqiang Meng , Yuanming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed first-principles calculations to investigate the stability of small defect clusters in pure zirconium. By analyzing the formation and binding energies of various cluster configurations, we identified the most stable structures for different cluster sizes and their binding tendencies. Defect cluster energies from the BMD19 and ADP classical potentials were also calculated, and their comparison with DFT calculations was discussed. These results offer valuable insights into the understanding of the energetics of small defect clusters, which has a significant impact on the anisotropic nature of defect cluster diffusion and long-term defect evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138955
Ching-Hua Su
{"title":"Energy bandgap of ZnSe bulk crystal between 300 K and 1000 K","authors":"Ching-Hua Su","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The direct energy bandgap between conduction and valance bands at Γ point for zinc-blende structure ZnSe crystal has been determined by optical transmission measurements. The starting material of ZnSe powder was loaded inside an optical cell with windows. After the heat treatments to de-oxidized impurities and adjust the stoichiometry, a bulk crystal of ZnSe was grown in the window area by physical vapor transport. The optical transmission through the ZnSe crystal was measured from 297 K to 992 K and the energy bandgaps were derived from the corresponding optical absorption spectra. The measured values of the bandgaps were fit as a function of temperature using the Varshni expression with two of the three parameters, i.e., the Debye temperature and energy bandgap at temperature of 4 K, fixed from the literature data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138955"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138935
Chao Wang , Yunjie Ge , Bo Jiang , Renguo Song
{"title":"Corrosion behavior of micro-arc oxidation coatings modified by laser remelting on 6063 aluminum alloy","authors":"Chao Wang , Yunjie Ge , Bo Jiang , Renguo Song","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ceramic coatings were fabricated on 6063 aluminum alloy using micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and then subjected to laser remelting (LR) treatment. The results demonstrate that LR treatment increases coating density, reduces porosity to 7.95 %, decreases coating thickness, and enhances α -Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase content. MAO-LR coatings exhibit a 34 % higher adhesion strength (41.3 N) compared to MAO coatings (30.9 N). Electrochemical tests reveal that both LR and MAO treatments improve the corrosion resistance of the 6063 aluminum alloy, with the MAO-LR coatings demonstrating superior corrosion performance, which is likely attributed to the reduced porosity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138953
Balu Maloth , Votarikari Naveen Kumar
{"title":"Analysis of wear tracks and mechanical properties evaluation of TiO2 and Al2O3 reinforced hybrid epoxy composites","authors":"Balu Maloth , Votarikari Naveen Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epoxy composites reinforced with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub> are excellent for marine applications, pipelines, and industrial flooring due to their remarkable mechanical strength. However, wider use is restricted by their intrinsic low wear resistance. This study overcomes this constraint by introducing the idea of hybrid composites, which incorporate titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and aluminium oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) into the epoxy matrix. The addition improved microhardness by up to 21.74 %, higher than pure epoxy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examined surface properties and failure mechanisms. Additionally, wear track is analysed to assess and forecast the composites’ structural performance under shear and normal loading conditions. Wear rate is reduced by 40 % at 10 wt% TiO<sub>2</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> reinforcements of each. These results pave the way for epoxy-based material optimisation for increased structural dependability and durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-06-17DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138952
Liquan Cheng , Yang Wang , Faisal Naveed , Zhaoyang Wang , Yingying Dong , Mingtai Wang
{"title":"An x–y nanosized interaction strategy to boost long-term stability in perovskite solar cells","authors":"Liquan Cheng , Yang Wang , Faisal Naveed , Zhaoyang Wang , Yingying Dong , Mingtai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The long-term stability is indispensable to the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here, we propose for the first time an <em>x</em>–<em>y</em> nanosized interaction strategy to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells, which features a perovskite layer interdigitated by an interactive nanorod array (NA) to laterally limit the perovskite crystallization along <em>x</em>-<em>y</em> directions of substrate plane within nanosized inter-gaps between nanorods. Results show that the solar cell resulting from infiltrating CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> layer into the Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>-NA grown on TiO<sub>2</sub> film exhibits an improved stability against humidity by 86 % than the conventional counterpart device prepared by depositing bulk CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> layer on TiO<sub>2</sub> film, where the improved stability originates from the limited migration and rearrangement of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and I<sup>–</sup> ions in <em>x</em>-<em>y</em> nanosized CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> crystals by the strong interaction between such-nanosized perovskite crystals and Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> nanorods. Our findings provide a novel approach to prepare the stable perovskite solar cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-06-16DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138948
Shin-Ki Hong, Changyeong Cheon, Myungchin Kim
{"title":"Dielectric properties of cenosphere/TiO2 micro-nano epoxy composites for electrical insulation","authors":"Shin-Ki Hong, Changyeong Cheon, Myungchin Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studied the dielectric properties of novel epoxy composites co-filled with micro-sized cenosphere and nano-sized TiO<sub>2</sub> particles. Cenosphere/TiO<sub>2</sub> epoxy micro-nano composites filled with 1 wt% nano sized TiO<sub>2</sub> particles showed a 7% improvement in breakdown strength compared to pure epoxy resin. The effectiveness of silane-treated fillers was also observed. A cenosphere/epoxy micro-composite with 30 wt% silane-treated cenosphere exhibited a 10% improvement in breakdown strength. Although the dissipation factor showed a considerable increase at higher TiO<sub>2</sub> filler loadings, such increment could be reduced by silane-treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Direct Z-scheme Bi4O5Br2/CdS heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of RhB","authors":"Xin Li, Weixi Hao, Jingwen Meng, Chenghua Ding, Fengyun Su, Yameng Li, Lulu Ren, Xin Lu, Xiaoli Jin, Haiquan Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants represents a highly promising strategy for environmental remediation. Despite Bi<sub>4</sub>O<sub>5</sub>Br<sub>2</sub> possesses a unique layered structure, its photocatalytic efficiency is hindered by the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers. To overcome this limitation, a direct Z-scheme Bi<sub>4</sub>O<sub>5</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>/CdS heterojunction is constructed, which not only enhances the carrier separation efficiency, but also maintains strong redox capabilities. The optimized 0.2Bi<sub>4</sub>O<sub>5</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>/CdS composite exhibits a RhB degradation efficiency approximately four and two times higher than pristine Bi<sub>4</sub>O<sub>5</sub>Br<sub>2</sub> and CdS, respectively. This study offers valuable understanding for the design of advanced photocatalysts in environmental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}